{"id":13010,"date":"2014-08-29T17:20:54","date_gmt":"2014-08-29T15:20:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/?page_id=13010"},"modified":"2025-02-16T19:44:52","modified_gmt":"2025-02-16T18:44:52","slug":"okenia-nodosa","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/okenia-nodosa\/","title":{"rendered":"Okenia nodosa"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<h3><em>Okenia nodosa<\/em> (Montagu, 1808)<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size:10pt;\" class=\"aligncenter\"><div id=\"featured-img-id\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa-%40-Strangford-Lough-Co-Down-Northern-Ireland.-20-Oct-2005-by-Bernard-Picton.jpg?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Okenia nodosa @ Strangford Lough, Co Down, Northern Ireland. 20 Oct 2005 by Bernard Picton\" \/><\/div><center><em>Okenia nodosa @ Strangford Lough, Co Down, Northern Ireland. 20 Oct 2005<\/em> per Bernard Picton<\/center><\/span><p><\/p><div class=\"opk-worms\"><h3>Informaci\u00f3 taxon\u00f2mica WoRMS<\/h3><div class=\"opk-success\">Nom acceptat actual: <strong><em>Okenia nodosa<\/em> (Montagu, 1808)<\/strong><\/div><h4>Classificaci\u00f3 actual<\/h4><table class=\"widefat striped\"><tr><th>Superdomain<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1\">Biota<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Kingdom<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=2\">Animalia<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Phylum<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=51\">Mollusca<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Class<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=101\">Gastropoda<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Subclass<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=14712\">Heterobranchia<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Infraclass<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1057247\">Euthyneura<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Subterclass<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1057249\">Ringipleura<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Superorder<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=411966\">Nudipleura<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Order<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1762\">Nudibranchia<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Suborder<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1829294\">Doridida<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Infraorder<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=246038\">Doridoidei<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Superfamily<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=246152\">Onchidoridoidea<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Family<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=174\">Goniodorididae<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Subfamily<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1723339\">Goniodoridinae<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Genus<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138042\"><em>Okenia<\/em><\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Species<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1723483\"><em>Okenia nodosa<\/em> (Montagu, 1808)<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/table><p class=\"footer\">Classificaci\u00f3 proporcionada pel World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). [<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1723483\">1723483<\/a>]<\/p><\/div><strong>Nota taxon\u00f2mica<\/strong><br \/>\nPaz-Sedano et al. (2024) van realitzar una an\u00e0lisi filogen\u00e8tica exhaustiva de la fam\u00edlia Goniodorididae, que inclou tant el g\u00e8nere <em>Goniodoris<\/em> com <em>Okenia<\/em>. Les seves troballes van indicar que <em>G. nodosa<\/em>, i per tant el g\u00e8nere <em>Goniodoris<\/em>, haurien de ser sin\u00f2nims del g\u00e8nere m\u00e9s antic, \u00e9s a dir, <em>Okenia<\/em>. Tot i aix\u00f2, la morfologia de les esp\u00e8cies restants de <em>Goniodoris<\/em> coincidia millor amb <em>Pelagella<\/em>, un g\u00e8nere que ja inclou esp\u00e8cies pr\u00e8viament assignades a <em>Goniodoris<\/em>. Per tant, Paz-Sedano et al. (2024) van transferir temptativament les esp\u00e8cies de <em>Goniodoris<\/em> a <em>Pelagella<\/em>, excepte <em>Okenia nodosa<\/em>, fins que se seq\u00fcenci\u00efn m\u00e9s esp\u00e8cies.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sin\u00f2nims<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Doris barvicensis<\/em> Johnston, 1838<\/li>\n<li><em>Doris elongata<\/em> Thompson W., 1840<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Doris nodosa<\/em> Montagu, 1808 (original)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><em>Goniodoris emarginata<\/em> Forbes, 1840<\/li>\n<li><em>Goniodoris nodosa<\/em> (Montagu, 1808)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Descripci\u00f3<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>O. nodosa<\/em> arriba a una longitud corporal m\u00e0xima registrada de 27 mm (Thompson &amp; Brown, 1984). El mantell dorsal \u00e9s capa\u00e7 de cobrir completament el cos, per\u00f2 sovint es contreu o s&#8217;eleva, deixant al descobert el cos. La seva superf\u00edcie es caracteritza per nombrosos tubercles elevats, cadascun cobert amb una petita marca blanca. En adults, aquests tubercles es distribueixen irregularment pel mantell, mentre que en els juvenils (~ 2 mm de llarg), els tubercles poden alinear-se al llarg de la carena mitjana per formar tres costelles longitudinals. El protagonisme d&#8217;aquests tubercles varia amb l&#8217;edat i la condici\u00f3 reproductiva i, en alguns casos, poden no ser-hi. L&#8217;aspecte extern d&#8217;<em>O. nodosa<\/em> est\u00e0 molt influenciat pel seu cos transl\u00facid, fet que fa que moltes d&#8217;aquestes caracter\u00edstiques siguin dif\u00edcils de discernir. L&#8217;\u00fanica pigmentaci\u00f3 visible consisteix en un puntejat fi de color blanc o groguenc, juntament amb taques m\u00e9s grans. El puntejat est\u00e0 absent en la part posterior dels rin\u00f2fors, creant la impressi\u00f3 de depressions poc profundes, mentre que una \u00e0rea circular transparent i lliure de punts darrere de les br\u00e0nquies d\u00f3na la il\u00b7lusi\u00f3 d&#8217;un porus obert. La pigmentaci\u00f3 groga, quan est\u00e0 present, \u00e9s m\u00e9s pronunciada als tentacles orals i al llarg d&#8217;una banda mitjana a la cua (metapodi). En els juvenils (~ 2 mm de llarg), el puntejat fi del mantell \u00e9s sovint predominantment groc. Els \u00f2rgans interns s\u00f3n visibles a trav\u00e9s del cos transl\u00facid, amb les v\u00edsceres de color rosa o groc i, en alguns casos, una espermateca blavosa perceptible al costat dret. Els rin\u00f2fors consisteixen en una tija basal curta, llisa i transl\u00facida, i en adults, tenen de tretze a catorze l\u00e0mines incompletes situades en el 70% distal de la seva longitud. Aquestes l\u00e0mines no s&#8217;estenen per la cara anterior del rin\u00f2for. L&#8217;\u00e0pex rinoforal \u00e9s curt, arrodonit i sobresurt lleugerament m\u00e9s enll\u00e0 de les l\u00e0mines. Els rin\u00f2fors s\u00f3n completament transl\u00facids de color blanc o groguenc, amb taques de pigment blanc esc\u00e0s que es tornen m\u00e9s denses distalment. El plomall branquial compr\u00e8n fins a tretze br\u00e0nquies unipinnades, transparents i incolores amb costelles centrals engrossides, disposades en cercle al voltant d&#8217;una papil\u00b7la anal cil\u00edndrica i blanca. En exemplars m\u00e9s grans, poden estar presents tres plomes branquials m\u00e9s petites al marge posterior del cercle principal. El cap t\u00e9 una boca en posici\u00f3 ventral, groguenca, flanquejada per tentacles orals amples, aplanats i transl\u00facids, que estan decorats amb una pigmentaci\u00f3 opaca de color blanc o groguenca a la part distal. El vel bucal est\u00e0 molt poc desenvolupat. En vista dorsal, el cap sol estar cobert pel mantell tret que el mantell estigui retret. El peu \u00e9s oblong amb marges laterals paral\u00b7lels, amb una regi\u00f3 anterior \u00e0mplia amb angles arrodonits i un extrem posterior que s&#8217;afina fins a acabar en punta. La superf\u00edcie ventral \u00e9s blanca transl\u00facida, amb les v\u00edsceres centrals visibles amb una tonalitat rosada. Els tentacles propodials estan absents. Dorsalmente, el peu \u00e9s de color blanc transl\u00facid, escampat amb petites taques blanques i opaques. La cua (metapodi) s&#8217;est\u00e9n m\u00e9s enll\u00e0 del mantell i presenta una banda mitjana groga distintiva.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Biologia<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>O. nodosa<\/em> habita a la costa inferior i a la zona sublitoral i es troba a profunditats de fins a 120 m. Tot i que la majoria d&#8217;<em>Okenia<\/em> s&#8217;alimenta de briozous, s&#8217;ha confirmat que <em>O. nodosa<\/em> s&#8217;alimenta d&#8217;ascidies. Els resultats filogen\u00e8tics confirmen que <em>O. nodosa<\/em> no pertany a un g\u00e8nere diferent sin\u00f3 que \u00e9s una <em>Okenia<\/em> for\u00e7a especialitzada que no s&#8217;alimenta de briozous. Els joves s&#8217;alimenten principalment de polizous, com ara <em>Alcyonidium polyoum<\/em>, <em>Callopora dumerili<\/em> i <em>Flustrellidra hispida<\/em>, mentre que els adults consumeixen diverses ascidies, com <em>Diplosoma listerianum<\/em>, <em>Botryllus schlosseri<\/em> i <em>Dendrodoa grossularia<\/em> (Thompson i Brown, 1984). Com a hermafrodita simult\u00e0nia, <em>O. nodosa<\/em> fa la c\u00f2pula rec\u00edproca. L&#8217;aparellament es produeix normalment amb individus posicionats cap amb cap, alineant les seves obertures genitals, que es troben darrere dels tentacles cef\u00e0lics del costat dret. Alternativament, les parelles poden aparellar-se amb un individu estirat en posici\u00f3 prona i l&#8217;altre supina, mantenint el contacte genital. Aquesta esp\u00e8cie produeix una posta llarga i cil\u00edndrica de color blanc o rosat. La posta est\u00e0 enganxada al substrat i pot variar en curvatura, des de gaireb\u00e9 recte fins a una espiral d&#8217;aproximadament una volta i mitja. Cada massa cont\u00e9 entre 14.000 i 32.000 ous. La fecundaci\u00f3 es produeix durant la deposici\u00f3, utilitzant espermatozoides d&#8217;una c\u00f2pula anterior emmagatzemats a la bursa copulatrix. A les Illes Brit\u00e0niques, la temporada de posta principalment va de gener a maig, amb un per\u00edode de posta addicional a la tardor en condicions favorables que puguin promoure un creixement r\u00e0pid i una maduraci\u00f3 primerenca de la cohort de primavera (Thompson i Brown, 1984). Les larves veliger amb closca es desenvolupen com a pl\u00e0ncton abans d&#8217;assentar-se al substrat i patir una metamorfosi en la forma adulta bent\u00f2nica. Els adults solen morir despr\u00e9s de la posta al maig, cosa que fa que l&#8217;esp\u00e8cie aparentment desaparegui durant l&#8217;estiu fins que comen\u00e7a el reclutament de juvenils a l&#8217;agost.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Etimologia<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Okenia<\/em>. Dedicat al\u00a0Prof. Dr. Ludwig Gilbert Lorenz\u00a0<b>Oken<\/b>, (1779-1851), fil\u00f2sof natural alemany, editor de la revista \u201cIsis\u201d i editor del llibre \u201cLehrbuch der Naturgeschichte\u201d.<\/li>\n<li><em>Nodosa<\/em>. Del Llat\u00ed, lligat amb molts nusos, ple de nusos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Distribuci\u00f3<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>O. nodosa<\/em> es troba des de Noruega i les illes F\u00e8roe fins a Gal\u00edcia, Espanya (Trigo et al., 2018). \u00c9s com\u00fa a tota Gran Bretanya i Irlanda en substrats durs. <div id=\"flxmap-6a999da622cd2\" class='flxmap-container' data-flxmap='flxmap_6a999da622cd2' style=\"width:100%;height:400px;\"><\/div>\n<script data-noptimize=\"1\">\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/\n(function(w, fn) {\n if (w.addEventListener) w.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", fn, false);\n else if (w.attachEvent) w.attachEvent(\"onload\", fn);\n})(window, function() {\n var f = new FlexibleMap();\n f.panControl = true;\n f.mapTypeId = \"satellite\";\n f.setlocale(\"ca-ES\");\n f.kmlcache = \"5 minutes\";\n f.showKML(\"flxmap-6a999da622cd2\", \"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/13010.kmz\");\n window.flxmap_6a999da622cd2 = f;\n});\n\/* ]]> *\/\n<\/script>\n<div style=\"width:100%;text-align:center;margin:12px 0 4px 0;\">\n  <div style=\"font-size:8pt;margin-bottom:6px;\">Cites georeferenciades conegudes de l'esp\u00e8cie: <em>Okenia nodosa<\/em><\/div>\n  <table style=\"margin:0 auto;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:8pt;\">\n    <tr><td colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:left;padding-bottom:4px;\"><strong>Fonts:<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td style=\"vertical-align:top;padding-right:40px;\">\n        <table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n<tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/wht-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>OBIS<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/ylw-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>GROC 2010-2011<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/grn-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Enric Madrenas<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/orange-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Jo\u00e3o Pedro Silva<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/pink-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Bernard Picton<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/blk-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>GBIF<\/td><\/tr>        <\/table>\n      <\/td>\n      <td style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\n        <table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n<tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/purple-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>OPK<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/red-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>VIMAR<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/blu-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Manuel Ballesteros<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/cyan-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>M@re Nostrum<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/grey-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Altres fonts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/marreg.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Marine Regions<\/td><\/tr>        <\/table>\n      <\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>Error:<\/strong> Chart.js no est\u00e1 disponible.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Altres fotos<\/strong><br \/>\n<div class=\"tiled-gallery type-rectangular tiled-gallery-unresized\" data-original-width=\"900\" 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decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"13017\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa001red-y-cr.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"712,455\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Okenia nodosa @ Galicia by Manuel Ballesteros\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Okenia nodosa @ Galicia by Manuel Ballesteros&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa001red-y-cr.jpg?fit=300%2C191&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa001red-y-cr.jpg?fit=712%2C455&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa001red-y-cr.jpg?w=607&#038;h=388&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa001red-y-cr.jpg?w=712&amp;ssl=1 712w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa001red-y-cr.jpg?resize=150%2C95&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa001red-y-cr.jpg?resize=300%2C191&amp;ssl=1 300w\" width=\"607\" height=\"388\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"607\" data-original-height=\"388\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Okenia nodosa @ Galicia by Manuel Ballesteros\" alt=\"Okenia nodosa @ Galicia by Manuel Ballesteros\" style=\"width: 607px; height: 388px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Okenia nodosa @ Galicia by Manuel Ballesteros <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-2\" style=\"width: 289px; height: 392px;\" data-original-width=\"289\" data-original-height=\"392\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/okenia-nodosa\/goniodoris-nodosa002red-y-cr\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"285\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"200\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"13018\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa002red-y-cr.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"660,463\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Okenia nodosa @ Galicia by Manuel Ballesteros\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Okenia nodosa @ Galicia by Manuel Ballesteros&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa002red-y-cr.jpg?fit=300%2C210&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa002red-y-cr.jpg?fit=660%2C463&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa002red-y-cr.jpg?w=285&#038;h=200&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa002red-y-cr.jpg?w=660&amp;ssl=1 660w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa002red-y-cr.jpg?resize=150%2C105&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa002red-y-cr.jpg?resize=300%2C210&amp;ssl=1 300w\" width=\"285\" height=\"200\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"285\" data-original-height=\"200\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Okenia nodosa @ Galicia by Manuel Ballesteros\" alt=\"Okenia nodosa @ Galicia by Manuel Ballesteros\" style=\"width: 285px; height: 200px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Okenia nodosa @ Galicia by Manuel Ballesteros <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/okenia-nodosa\/goniodoris-nodosa003red-y-cr\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"285\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"184\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"13019\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa003red-y-cr.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"664,427\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Okenia nodosa @ Galicia by Manuel Ballesteros\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Okenia nodosa @ Galicia by Manuel Ballesteros&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa003red-y-cr.jpg?fit=300%2C192&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa003red-y-cr.jpg?fit=664%2C427&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa003red-y-cr.jpg?w=285&#038;h=184&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa003red-y-cr.jpg?w=664&amp;ssl=1 664w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa003red-y-cr.jpg?resize=150%2C96&amp;ssl=1 150w\" width=\"285\" height=\"184\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"285\" data-original-height=\"184\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Okenia nodosa @ Galicia by Manuel Ballesteros\" alt=\"Okenia nodosa @ Galicia by Manuel Ballesteros\" style=\"width: 285px; height: 184px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Okenia nodosa @ Galicia by Manuel Ballesteros <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 900px; height: 319px;\" data-original-width=\"900\" data-original-height=\"319\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 476px; height: 319px;\" data-original-width=\"476\" data-original-height=\"319\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/okenia-nodosa\/goniodorisnodosa-carlosfdezcid\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"472\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"315\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"13940\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Goniodorisnodosa.CARLOSFDEZCID.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"850,567\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Okenia nodosa (Atlantic) by Carlos Fern\u00e1ndez-Cid\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Okenia nodosa (Atlantic) by Carlos Fern\u00e1ndez-Cid&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Goniodorisnodosa.CARLOSFDEZCID.jpg?fit=300%2C200&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Goniodorisnodosa.CARLOSFDEZCID.jpg?fit=850%2C567&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Goniodorisnodosa.CARLOSFDEZCID.jpg?w=472&#038;h=315&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Goniodorisnodosa.CARLOSFDEZCID.jpg?w=850&amp;ssl=1 850w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Goniodorisnodosa.CARLOSFDEZCID.jpg?resize=150%2C100&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Goniodorisnodosa.CARLOSFDEZCID.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w\" width=\"472\" height=\"315\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"472\" data-original-height=\"315\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Okenia nodosa (Atlantic) by Carlos Fern\u00e1ndez-Cid\" alt=\"Okenia nodosa (Atlantic) by Carlos Fern\u00e1ndez-Cid\" style=\"width: 472px; height: 315px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Okenia nodosa (Atlantic) <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 424px; height: 319px;\" data-original-width=\"424\" data-original-height=\"319\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/okenia-nodosa\/goniodorisnodsa-carlosfdezcid\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"420\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"315\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"13941\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Goniodorisnodsa.CARLOSFDEZCID.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"850,636\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Okenia nodosa (Atlantic) by Carlos Fern\u00e1ndez-Cid\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Okenia nodosa (Atlantic) by Carlos Fern\u00e1ndez-Cid&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Goniodorisnodsa.CARLOSFDEZCID.jpg?fit=300%2C224&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Goniodorisnodsa.CARLOSFDEZCID.jpg?fit=850%2C636&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Goniodorisnodsa.CARLOSFDEZCID.jpg?w=420&#038;h=315&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Goniodorisnodsa.CARLOSFDEZCID.jpg?w=850&amp;ssl=1 850w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Goniodorisnodsa.CARLOSFDEZCID.jpg?resize=150%2C112&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Goniodorisnodsa.CARLOSFDEZCID.jpg?resize=300%2C224&amp;ssl=1 300w\" width=\"420\" height=\"315\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"420\" data-original-height=\"315\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Okenia nodosa (Atlantic) by Carlos Fern\u00e1ndez-Cid\" alt=\"Okenia nodosa (Atlantic) by Carlos Fern\u00e1ndez-Cid\" style=\"width: 420px; height: 315px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Okenia nodosa (Atlantic) <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <\/div><\/p>\n<p><p><strong>Bibliografia<\/strong><\/p><ul><div id=\"zotpress-711652a88d4276fa7607193fd3a4f582\" class=\"zp-Zotpress zp-Zotpress-Bib wp-block-group\">\n\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_API_USER_ID ZP_ATTR\">1246567<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ITEM_KEY ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_COLLECTION_ID ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TAG_ID ZP_ATTR\">Okenia nodosa<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_AUTHOR ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_YEAR ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_ITEMTYPE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_INCLUSIVE ZP_ATTR\">1<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_STYLE ZP_ATTR\">eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_LIMIT ZP_ATTR\">50<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SORTBY ZP_ATTR\">creator<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ORDER ZP_ATTR\">asc<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TITLE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SHOWIMAGE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SHOWTAGS ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_DOWNLOADABLE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_NOTES ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ABSTRACT ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_CITEABLE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TARGET ZP_ATTR\">1<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_URLWRAP ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_FORCENUM ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_HIGHLIGHT ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_POSTID ZP_ATTR\">13010<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZOTPRESS_PLUGIN_URL ZP_ATTR\">https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/plugins\/zotpress\/<\/span>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"zp-List loading\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"zp-SEO-Content\">\n\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-zp-SEO-Content -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-List -->\n\t<\/div><!--.zp-Zotpress-->\n\n<p><\/p>Bibliografia basada en els treballs de <b>Steve Long, 2006<\/b>. <a target=_blank href=https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Long-S.-2006-Bibliography-of-Opisthobranchia-1554-2000.pdf>Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000<\/a> i <b>Gary McDonald, 2009<\/b>. <a href=http:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/8115h0wz>Bibliographia Nudibranchia<\/a>, amb actualitzacions posteriors procedents d\u00b4altres fonts.<p><\/p><\/ul><p><\/p><p><strong>M\u00e9s informaci\u00f3<\/strong><\/p><span style=\"font-size:10pt\"><ul><ul class=\"blogroll-links\"><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.asturnatura.com\/especie\/goniodoris-nodosa.html\">AsturNatura<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/name\/Goniodoris%20nodosa\">Biodiversity Heritage Library<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/doris.ffessm.fr\/fiche2.asp?fiche_numero=1858\">DORIS<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.habitas.org.uk\/marinelife\/species.asp?item=W12970#\">Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/nature22.com\/estran22\/mollusques\/gasteropodesbis\/gasteropodes5.html\">Estran 22 - Faune et flore de la zone de balancement des mar\u00e9es en C\u00f4tes d&#039;Armor<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/56388191@N08\/sets\/72157720236198123\/\">European Sea Slugs by Morddyn<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/search\/?text=Goniodoris%20nodosa\">Flickr pictures<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.irmng.org\/aphia.php?p=taxlist&#038;tName=Goniodoris%20nodosa\">Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/Taxonomy\/Browser\/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&#038;name=Goniodoris%20nodosa&#038;lvl=0&#038;srchmode=1\">NCBI GenBank<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/iobis.org\/mapper\/?taxon=Okenia%20nodosa\">OBIS - Search by Taxon<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nudibranch.org\/Scottish%20Nudibranchs\/goniodoris-nodosa.html\">Scottish Nudibranchs<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&#038;id=1723483\">World Register of Marine Species<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/ul><\/span><p><strong>Citeu aquest article com: <\/strong><\/p><div style=\"display: block; background: #444444; padding: 10px 30px 10px 10px; border-radius: 5px; line-height: 18px;\"><p class=\"citacio\"><b>Pontes, Miquel<\/b> (2025) <em>\"Okenia nodosa\"<\/em> a <em>OPK-Opistobranquis<\/em>. Publicat: 29\/08\/2014. Accedit: 03\/09\/2026. Disponible a (<a href=https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/?p=13010>https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/?p=13010<\/a>)<\/p><p><\/p><\/div><p><\/p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Okenia nodosa (Montagu, 1808) Nota taxon\u00f2mica Paz-Sedano et al. (2024) van realitzar una an\u00e0lisi filogen\u00e8tica exhaustiva de la fam\u00edlia Goniodorididae, que inclou tant el g\u00e8nere Goniodoris com Okenia. Les seves troballes van indicar que G. nodosa, i per tant el g\u00e8nere Goniodoris, haurien de ser sin\u00f2nims del g\u00e8nere m\u00e9s antic, \u00e9s a dir, Okenia. Tot i aix\u00f2, la morfologia de les esp\u00e8cies restants de Goniodoris coincidia millor amb Pelagella, un\u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"continue-reading-button\"> <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/okenia-nodosa\/\">Continua llegint<i class=\"crycon-right-dir\"><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":19642,"parent":26111,"menu_order":6668,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-13010","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13010","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13010"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13010\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":45900,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13010\/revisions\/45900"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/26111"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19642"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13010"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}