{"id":30894,"date":"2020-11-29T15:54:42","date_gmt":"2020-11-29T14:54:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/?page_id=30894"},"modified":"2025-03-06T16:05:02","modified_gmt":"2025-03-06T15:05:02","slug":"cargoa-problematica","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/doridida\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/cargoa-problematica\/","title":{"rendered":"Cargoa problematica"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<h3><em>Cargoa problematica<\/em> (Pola, Paz-Sedano, Macali, Minchin, Marchini, Vitale, Licchelli &amp; Crocetta, 2019)<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size:10pt;\" class=\"aligncenter\"><div id=\"featured-img-id\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale-portada.jpg?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" \/><\/div><center><em>Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy)<\/em> per Fabio Vitale<\/center><\/span><p><\/p><div class=\"opk-worms\"><h3>Informaci\u00f3 taxon\u00f2mica WoRMS<\/h3><div class=\"opk-success\">Nom acceptat actual: <strong><em>Cargoa problematica<\/em> (Pola, Paz-Sedano, Macali, Minchin, Marchini, Vitale, Licchelli &amp; Crocetta, 2019)<\/strong><\/div><h4>Classificaci\u00f3 actual<\/h4><table class=\"widefat striped\"><tr><th>Superdomain<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1\">Biota<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Kingdom<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=2\">Animalia<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Phylum<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=51\">Mollusca<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Class<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=101\">Gastropoda<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Subclass<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=14712\">Heterobranchia<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Infraclass<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1057247\">Euthyneura<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Subterclass<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1057249\">Ringipleura<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Superorder<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=411966\">Nudipleura<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Order<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1829294\">Doridida<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Infraorder<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=246038\">Doridoidei<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Superfamily<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=246152\">Onchidoridoidea<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Family<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=174\">Goniodorididae<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Subfamily<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1723339\">Goniodoridinae<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Genus<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=741994\"><em>Cargoa<\/em><\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Species<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1723344\"><em>Cargoa problematica<\/em> (Pola, Paz-Sedano, Macali, Minchin, Marchini, Vitale, Licchelli &amp; Crocetta, 2019)<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/table><p class=\"footer\">Classificaci\u00f3 proporcionada pel World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). [<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1723344\">1723344<\/a>]<\/p><\/div><strong>Nota taxon\u00f2mica<\/strong>: Goniodorididae \u00e9s una fam\u00edlia de petits nudibranquis d\u00f2rids distribu\u00efts per tot el m\u00f3n que s\u2019alimenten d\u2019entoprocts, ascidis i briozous. Les relacions evolutives entre els seus t\u00e0xons han estat incertes a causa dels limitats t\u00e0xons disponibles per a an\u00e0lisis filogen\u00e8tiques; alguns g\u00e8neres s\u00f3n parafil\u00e8tics. La fam\u00edlia inclou un nombre notable de g\u00e8neres sinonimitzats en els quals la riquesa d\u2019esp\u00e8cies es distribueix de manera desigual, alguns g\u00e8neres tenen desenes d\u2019esp\u00e8cies, mentre que d\u2019altres s\u00f3n monoespec\u00edfics. Alguns clades s\u00f3n molt uniformes morfol\u00f2gicament mentre que altres es consideren molt variables. Paz Sedano et al (2024) van utilitzar un enfocament d\u2019enriquiment objectiu d\u2019elements ultraconservats per augmentar la resoluci\u00f3 filogen\u00e8tica de la columna vertebral sobre Goniodorididae i augmentar la representaci\u00f3 d\u2019esp\u00e8cies mitjan\u00e7ant la inclusi\u00f3 de quatre marcadors gen\u00e8tics de 109 esp\u00e8cies de les gaireb\u00e9 160 esp\u00e8cies v\u00e0lides actualment. Com a resultat, es van dilucidar dues subfam\u00edlies i onze g\u00e8neres, i van ressuscitar els g\u00e8neres sin\u00f2nims\u00a0<em>Bermudella<\/em>,\u00a0<em>Cargoa<\/em>\u00a0i\u00a0<em>Ceratodoris<\/em>. Tamb\u00e9 van demostrar que el comportament tr\u00f2fic podria haver impulsat l\u2019evoluci\u00f3 de les esp\u00e8cies i la singularitat morfol\u00f2gica de la fam\u00edlia.<br \/>\nLes esp\u00e8cies de\u00a0<em>Cargoa<\/em>\u00a0comparteixen alguns trets: la pres\u00e8ncia de quatre papil\u00b7les primes i lineals ubicades davant dels rin\u00f2fors; una o dues papil\u00b7les lineals addicionals, seguides de papil\u00b7les claviformes, amb els extrems inflats, que es fan m\u00e9s grans cap a la part posterior; una papil\u00b7la dorsal amb la mateixa forma que les laterals; un color marr\u00f3 fosc; i r\u00e0dula petita amb al voltant de deu files de dents (no m\u00e9s de 20). Tot i que no hi ha proves clares de la prefer\u00e8ncia de les preses de l\u2019esp\u00e8cie, aquests mol\u00b7luscs poden alimentar-se de briozous ctenostomes sobre els que s\u2019han trobat, incloses esp\u00e8cies d\u2019<em>Amathia<\/em>,\u00a0<em>Margaretta<\/em>\u00a0i\u00a0<em>Anguinella<\/em>. Les esp\u00e8cies de\u00a0<em>Cargoa<\/em>\u00a0es troben a les dues costes de l\u2019oce\u00e0 Atl\u00e0ntic i al mar Mediterrani.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sin\u00f2nims<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Okenia impexa banyulensis<\/em> Schmekel, 1979 (no disponible sota ICZN Art. 15.1: nom proposat condicionalment el 1960)<\/li>\n<li><em>Okenia problematica<\/em> Pola, Paz-Sedano, Macali, Minchin, Marchini, Vitale, Licchelli et Crocetta, 2019<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Descripci\u00f3<br \/>\n<\/strong>Cos allargat, de color blanc transl\u00facid esquitxat de taques marrons bastant concentrades, amb taques blanc-groguenques disperses a l&#8217;atzar. Tot el cos est\u00e0 cobert per esp\u00edcules bastant evidents i acaba en una cua blanca transl\u00facida, llarga i punxeguda, coberta amb punts marrons i punts principalment blancs dispersos. La vora del notus est\u00e0 ben desenvolupada, amb 8 papil\u00b7les laterals distribu\u00efdes sim\u00e8tricament a banda i banda del cos. La distribuci\u00f3 de les papil\u00b7les \u00e9s la seg\u00fcent: una situada davant dels rin\u00f2fors, una al costat dels rin\u00f2fors, quatre entre els rin\u00f2fors i les br\u00e0nquies, i dues situades darrere de les br\u00e0nquies i que sorgeixen de la mateixa base comuna. La forma i la mida de les papil\u00b7les \u00e9s lleugerament variable; les dues papil\u00b7les situades a la part davantera s\u00f3n llargues i amb forma de dit, seguides d&#8217;una m\u00e9s curta i la resta augmenten de mida cap a la part posterior del cos. Totes les papil\u00b7les ubicades despr\u00e9s dels rin\u00f2fors tenen una punta ampla i arrodonida, m\u00e9s evident en la papil\u00b7la situada darrere de les br\u00e0nquies. Hi ha una \u00fanica papil\u00b7la en la l\u00ednia mig-dorsal similar en forma i grand\u00e0ria a les laterals, tamb\u00e9 amb la punta arrodonida. Els rin\u00f2fors s\u00f3n llargs i prims, del mateix patr\u00f3 de coloraci\u00f3 que el cos, cadascun amb 6-9 lamel\u00b7les en la seva porci\u00f3 distal. Les br\u00e0nquies es composen de quatre branques unipinnades que envolten l&#8217;anus, les dues situades a la part anterior sorgeixen d&#8217;una base comuna. Hi ha dos tentacles orals curts flanquejant la boca. El peu \u00e9s llarg i prim, de color blanc transl\u00facid, sense taques, i amb dos tentacles propodiales petits i allargats en la seva cara anterior. El porus genital es troba al costat dret del cos, generalment prop del rin\u00f2for.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Biologia<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>Cargoa problem\u00e0tica<\/em> sembla ser com\u00fa a profunditats inferiors als 10 m. Els esp\u00e8cimens recol\u00b7lectats a Gallipoli (It\u00e0lia) van ser trobats en un escull artificial situat en un fons sorrenc, entre hidrozous no identificats i briozous incrustants. Templado (1982), Vald\u00e9s i Ortea (1995), Garc\u00eda-G\u00f3mez et al. (2011) i Ballesteros et al. (2016) citen la seva pres\u00e8ncia cr\u00edptica principalment en fons rocosos infralitorals (~ 5-10 m) sobre el briozou <em>Margaretta cereoides<\/em> (Ellis &amp; Solander, 1786). No obstant aix\u00f2, Schmekel (1979), Schmekel i Portmann (1982), Vald\u00e9s i Ortea (1995) i Ballesteros et al. (2016) tamb\u00e9 citen la seva pres\u00e8ncia entre 5-15 m de fond\u00e0ria entre algues infralitorals com <em>Halimeda<\/em> J.V Lamouroux, 1812, les de la fam\u00edlia Corallinaceae Lamouroux, 1812 i <em>Codium vermilara<\/em> (Olivi) Delle Chiaje, 1829.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Etimologia<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Cargoa<\/em>. En honor d\u2019en David G. Cargo, un col\u00b7lega dels Drs. Vogel i Schultz del Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons Maryland, EE.UU.<\/li>\n<li><em>Problematica,<\/em> per la seva complexa hist\u00f2ria taxon\u00f2mica.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Distribuci\u00f3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>L&#8217;esp\u00e8cie ha estat descrita basant-se en exemplars recol\u00b7lectats a Gallipoli (Lecce, It\u00e0lia), Aiguafreda (Begur, Girona) i Cala J\u00f3ncols (Roses, Girona). Els registres trobats a la bibliografia d&#8217;<em>Cargoa cupella<\/em> i <em>Cargoa impexa<\/em> de la mar Mediterr\u00e0nia tamb\u00e9 pertanyen a aquest t\u00e0xon. <div id=\"flxmap-6a67f5c504ff6\" class='flxmap-container' data-flxmap='flxmap_6a67f5c504ff6' style=\"width:100%;height:400px;\"><\/div>\n<script data-noptimize=\"1\">\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/\n(function(w, fn) {\n if (w.addEventListener) w.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", fn, false);\n else if (w.attachEvent) w.attachEvent(\"onload\", fn);\n})(window, function() {\n var f = new FlexibleMap();\n f.panControl = true;\n f.mapTypeId = \"satellite\";\n f.setlocale(\"ca-ES\");\n f.kmlcache = \"5 minutes\";\n f.showKML(\"flxmap-6a67f5c504ff6\", \"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/30894.kmz\");\n window.flxmap_6a67f5c504ff6 = f;\n});\n\/* ]]> *\/\n<\/script>\n<div style=\"width:100%;text-align:center;margin:12px 0 4px 0;\">\n  <div style=\"font-size:8pt;margin-bottom:6px;\">Cites georeferenciades conegudes de l'esp\u00e8cie: <em>Cargoa problematica<\/em><\/div>\n  <table style=\"margin:0 auto;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:8pt;\">\n    <tr><td colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:left;padding-bottom:4px;\"><strong>Fonts:<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td style=\"vertical-align:top;padding-right:40px;\">\n        <table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n<tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/wht-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>OBIS<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/ylw-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>GROC 2010-2011<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/grn-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Enric Madrenas<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/orange-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Jo\u00e3o Pedro Silva<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/pink-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Bernard Picton<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/blk-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>GBIF<\/td><\/tr>        <\/table>\n      <\/td>\n      <td style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\n        <table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n<tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/purple-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>OPK<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/red-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>VIMAR<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/blu-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Manuel Ballesteros<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/cyan-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>M@re Nostrum<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/grey-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Altres fonts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/marreg.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Marine Regions<\/td><\/tr>        <\/table>\n      <\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>Error:<\/strong> Chart.js no est\u00e1 disponible.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Altres fotos<\/strong><br \/>\n<div class=\"tiled-gallery type-rectangular tiled-gallery-unresized\" data-original-width=\"900\" data-carousel-extra='{&quot;blog_id&quot;:1,&quot;permalink&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/opistobranquis.info\\\/ca\\\/guia\\\/doridida\\\/doridoidei\\\/onchidoridoidea\\\/cargoa-problematica\\\/&quot;,&quot;likes_blog_id&quot;:44192421}' itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\" > <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 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itemprop=\"caption description\"> Cargoa problematica <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/doridida\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/cargoa-problematica\/olympus-digital-camera-10\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"415\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"313\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"4705\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-03.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"808,610\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Cargoa problematica by Enric Madrenas\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Cargoa problematica by Enric Madrenas&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-03.jpg?fit=300%2C226&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-03.jpg?fit=808%2C610&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-03.jpg?w=415&#038;h=313&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-03.jpg?w=808&amp;ssl=1 808w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-03.jpg?resize=300%2C226&amp;ssl=1 300w\" width=\"415\" height=\"313\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"415\" data-original-height=\"313\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Cargoa problematica by Enric Madrenas\" alt=\"Cargoa problematica by Enric Madrenas\" style=\"width: 415px; height: 313px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Cargoa problematica by Enric Madrenas <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 481px; height: 635px;\" data-original-width=\"481\" data-original-height=\"635\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/doridida\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/cargoa-problematica\/olympus-digital-camera-11\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"477\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"631\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"4706\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-04.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"461,610\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Cargoa problematica by Enric Madrenas\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Cargoa problematica by Enric Madrenas&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-04.jpg?fit=226%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-04.jpg?fit=461%2C610&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-04.jpg?w=477&#038;h=631&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-04.jpg?w=461&amp;ssl=1 461w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-04.jpg?resize=226%2C300&amp;ssl=1 226w\" width=\"477\" height=\"631\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"477\" data-original-height=\"631\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Cargoa problematica by Enric Madrenas\" alt=\"Cargoa problematica by Enric Madrenas\" style=\"width: 477px; height: 631px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Cargoa problematica by Enric Madrenas <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 900px; height: 469px;\" data-original-width=\"900\" data-original-height=\"469\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 620px; height: 469px;\" data-original-width=\"620\" data-original-height=\"469\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/doridida\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/cargoa-problematica\/olympus-digital-camera-12\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"616\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"465\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"4707\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-07.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"808,610\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Cargoa problematica by Enric Madrenas\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Cargoa problematica by Enric Madrenas&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-07.jpg?fit=300%2C226&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-07.jpg?fit=808%2C610&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-07.jpg?w=616&#038;h=465&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-07.jpg?w=808&amp;ssl=1 808w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-07.jpg?resize=300%2C226&amp;ssl=1 300w\" width=\"616\" height=\"465\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"616\" data-original-height=\"465\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Cargoa problematica by Enric Madrenas\" alt=\"Cargoa problematica by Enric Madrenas\" style=\"width: 616px; height: 465px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Cargoa problematica by Enric Madrenas <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-2\" style=\"width: 280px; height: 469px;\" data-original-width=\"280\" data-original-height=\"469\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/doridida\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/cargoa-problematica\/okenia-problematica-gallipolli-lecce-italy-by-fabio-vitale\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"276\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"184\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"30907\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-@-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1280,853\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale.jpg?fit=300%2C200&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale.jpg?fit=900%2C599&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale.jpg?w=276&#038;h=184&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"276\" height=\"184\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"276\" data-original-height=\"184\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" alt=\"Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" style=\"width: 276px; height: 184px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/doridida\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/cargoa-problematica\/okenia-problematica-gallipolli-lecce-italy-by-fabio-vitale-pt_dorsale\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"276\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"277\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"30908\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-@-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale-PT_dorsale.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"375,375\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale-PT_dorsale.jpg?fit=300%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale-PT_dorsale.jpg?fit=375%2C375&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale-PT_dorsale.jpg?w=276&#038;h=277&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"276\" height=\"277\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"276\" data-original-height=\"277\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" alt=\"Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" style=\"width: 276px; height: 277px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 900px; height: 165px;\" data-original-width=\"900\" data-original-height=\"165\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 245px; height: 165px;\" data-original-width=\"245\" data-original-height=\"165\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/doridida\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/cargoa-problematica\/okenia-problematica-gallipolli-lecce-italy-by-fabio-vitale-dsc_4726\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"241\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"161\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"30909\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-@-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale-DSC_4726.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,683\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Cargoa problematica (compared with Flabellina affinis) @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Cargoa problematica (compared with Flabellina affinis) @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale-DSC_4726.jpg?fit=300%2C200&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale-DSC_4726.jpg?fit=900%2C600&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale-DSC_4726.jpg?w=241&#038;h=161&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"241\" height=\"161\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"241\" data-original-height=\"161\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Cargoa problematica (compared with Flabellina affinis) @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" alt=\"Cargoa problematica (compared with Flabellina affinis) @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" style=\"width: 241px; height: 161px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Cargoa problematica (compared with Flabellina affinis) @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 165px; height: 165px;\" data-original-width=\"165\" data-original-height=\"165\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/doridida\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/cargoa-problematica\/okenia-problematica-gallipolli-lecce-italy-by-fabio-vitale-dsc_4783\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"161\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"161\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"30910\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-@-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale-DSC_4783.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"900,900\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale-DSC_4783.jpg?fit=300%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale-DSC_4783.jpg?fit=900%2C900&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale-DSC_4783.jpg?w=161&#038;h=161&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"161\" height=\"161\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"161\" data-original-height=\"161\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" alt=\"Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" style=\"width: 161px; height: 161px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 245px; height: 165px;\" data-original-width=\"245\" data-original-height=\"165\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/doridida\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/cargoa-problematica\/okenia-problematica-underside-gallipolli-lecce-italy-by-fabio-vitale\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"241\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"161\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"30911\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-underside-@-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1280,853\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Cargoa problematica (underside) @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Cargoa problematica (underside) @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-underside-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale.jpg?fit=300%2C200&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-underside-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale.jpg?fit=900%2C599&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-underside-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale.jpg?w=241&#038;h=161&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"241\" height=\"161\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"241\" data-original-height=\"161\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Cargoa problematica (underside) @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" alt=\"Cargoa problematica (underside) @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" style=\"width: 241px; height: 161px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Cargoa problematica (underside) @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 245px; height: 165px;\" data-original-width=\"245\" data-original-height=\"165\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/doridida\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/cargoa-problematica\/okenia-problematica-gallipolli-lecce-italy-by-fabio-vitale-3\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"241\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"161\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"30914\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-@-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale-2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1280,853\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale-2.jpg?fit=300%2C200&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale-2.jpg?fit=900%2C599&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale-2.jpg?w=241&#038;h=161&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"241\" height=\"161\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"241\" data-original-height=\"161\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" alt=\"Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" style=\"width: 241px; height: 161px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <\/div><\/p>\n<p><p><strong>Bibliografia<\/strong><\/p><ul><div 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(2016). Actualizaci\u00f3n del cat\u00e1logo de los moluscos opistobranquios (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) de las costas catalanas. <i>Spira<\/i>, <i>6<\/i>, 1-28.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-NTMAT2GD\" data-zp-author-date='Ballesteros-et-al.-2019' data-zp-date-author='2019-Ballesteros-et-al.' data-zp-date='2019' data-zp-year='2019' data-zp-itemtype='book' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Ballesteros, M., Pontes, M., Madrenas, E. (2019). <i>Els nudibranquis del mar catal\u00e0<\/i>. Brau Edicions.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-US4WQRA3\" data-zp-author-date='Ballesteros-et-al.-2026' data-zp-date-author='2026-Ballesteros-et-al.' data-zp-date='2026' data-zp-year='2026' data-zp-itemtype='webpage' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Ballesteros, M., Madrenas, E., Pontes, M. (2026). OPK - Opistobranquis. Disponible en: <a class=&#039;zp-ItemURL&#039; target=&#039;_blank&#039; href=&#039;https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/&#039;>https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/<\/a> [Accedido 6 de marzo de 2026]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-45NMNEPD\" data-zp-author-date='Bedulli-et-al.-1995' data-zp-date-author='1995-Bedulli-et-al.' data-zp-date='1995' data-zp-year='1995' data-zp-itemtype='book' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Bedulli, D., Cattaneo-Vietti, R., Chemello, R., Ghisotti, F., Giovine, F. (1995). <i>Gastropoda Opisthobranchia, Divasibranchia, Gymnomorpha, Fascicolo 15, pp. 1-23.\u00a0 In: A. Minelli, A. Ruffo, & S. La Posta (Eds.). Checklist delle specie fauna italiana<\/i>. 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Cat\u00e1logo actualizado y comentado de los Opistobranquios (Mollusca, Gastropoda) de la Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e9rica, Baleares y Canarias, con algunas referencias a Ceuta y la isla de Albor\u00e1n. <i>Iberus<\/i>, <i>Supl. 1<\/i>, 1-84.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-HM8AG4CQ\" data-zp-author-date='Cervera-et-al.-2004' data-zp-date-author='2004-Cervera-et-al.' data-zp-date='2004' data-zp-year='2004' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Cervera, J. L., Calado, G., Gavaia, C., Malaqu\u00edas, M. A. E., Templado, J., Ballesteros, M., Garc\u00eda-G\u00f3mez, J. C., Megina, C. (2004). An annotated and updated checklist of the opisthobranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Spain and Portugal (including islands and archipelagos). <i>Bolet\u00edn Instituto Espa\u00f1ol de Oceanograf\u00eda<\/i>, <i>20<\/i>(1-4), 1-111.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-TSCAEAHA\" data-zp-author-date='Furfaro-et-al.-2020' data-zp-date-author='2020-Furfaro-et-al.' data-zp-date='2020' data-zp-year='2020' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Furfaro, G., Vitale, F., Licchelli, C., Mariottini, P. (2020). Two Seas for One Great Diversity: Checklist of the Marine Heterobranchia (Mollusca; Gastropoda) from the Salento Peninsula (South-East Italy). <i>Diversity<\/i>, <i>12<\/i>(12), 171. <a class=&#039;zp-DOIURL&#039; target=&#039;_blank&#039; href=&#039;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/d12050171&#039;>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/d12050171<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-G8CX32KB\" data-zp-author-date='Lombardo-and-Marletta-2020' data-zp-date-author='2020-Lombardo-and-Marletta' data-zp-date='2020' data-zp-year='2020' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Lombardo, A., Marletta, G. (2020). First record of Okenia problematica Pola, Paz-Sedano, Macali, Minchin, Marchini,Vitale, Licchelli et Crocetta, 2019 (Gastropoda Nudibranchia Goniodorididae)for Sicily (Ionian Sea,Italy). <i>Biodiversity Journal<\/i>, <i>11<\/i>(1), 17-20. <a class=&#039;zp-DOIURL&#039; target=&#039;_blank&#039; href=&#039;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31396\/Biodiv.Jour.2020.11.1.17.20&#039;>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31396\/Biodiv.Jour.2020.11.1.17.20<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-3VWGKIQP\" data-zp-author-date='Long-2006' data-zp-date-author='2006-Long' data-zp-date='2006' data-zp-year='2006' data-zp-itemtype='book' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Long, S. J. (2006). <i>Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000. Bayside Books & Press, Tustin, CA, U.S.A. 672p.<\/i><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-5MFDPG8V\" data-zp-author-date='McDonald-2009' data-zp-date-author='2009-McDonald' data-zp-date='2009' data-zp-year='2009' data-zp-itemtype='webpage' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">McDonald, G. (2009). Bibliographia Nudibranchia. 2nd Online Edition, Annotated. 1072 pp\u00a0 Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz. Disponible en: <a class=&#039;zp-ItemURL&#039; target=&#039;_blank&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/8115h0wz&#039;>http:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/8115h0wz<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-W8P6XXSI\" data-zp-author-date='Paz-Sedano-et-al.-2024' data-zp-date-author='2024-Paz-Sedano-et-al.' data-zp-date='2024' data-zp-year='2024' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Paz-Sedano, S., Moles, J., Smirnoff, D., Gosliner, T. M., Pola, M. (2024). A combined phylogenetic strategy illuminates the evolution of Goniodorididae nudibranchs (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Heterobranchia). <i>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution<\/i>, <i>107990<\/i>. <a class=&#039;zp-DOIURL&#039; target=&#039;_blank&#039; href=&#039;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ympev.2023.107990&#039;>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ympev.2023.107990<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-KUP2IXK5\" data-zp-author-date='Pola-et-al.-2019' data-zp-date-author='2019-Pola-et-al.' data-zp-date='2019' data-zp-year='2019' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Pola, M., Paz-Sedano, S., Macali, A., Minchin, D., Marchini, A., Vitale, F., Licchelli, C., Crocetta, F. (2019). What is really out there? Review of the genus Okenia Menke, 1830 (Nudibranchia: Goniodorididae) in the Mediterranean Sea with description of two new species. <i>PLoS ONE 14(5): e0215037<\/i>. <a class=&#039;zp-DOIURL&#039; target=&#039;_blank&#039; href=&#039;https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0215037&#039;>https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0215037<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-AKECKC56\" data-zp-author-date='Sabelli-et-al.-1990' data-zp-date-author='1990-Sabelli-et-al.' data-zp-date='1990' data-zp-year='1990' data-zp-itemtype='book' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Sabelli, B., Gianuzzi-Savelli, R., Bedulli, D. (1990). <i>Catalogo annotato dei Molluschi marini del Mediterraneo.<\/i> Libreria Naturalistica Bolognese. Bologna, Italy: 348 pp.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-E2E268VM\" data-zp-author-date='Schmekel-1979' data-zp-date-author='1979-Schmekel' data-zp-date='1979' data-zp-year='1979' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Schmekel, L. (1979). First record of Okenia impexa Marcus, 1957 from the western Atlantic in the Mediterranean. Veliger 21(3):355-360.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-R5FDCMZ5\" data-zp-author-date='Schmekel-and-Portmann-1982' data-zp-date-author='1982-Schmekel-and-Portmann' data-zp-date='1982' data-zp-year='1982' data-zp-itemtype='book' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Schmekel, L., Portmann, A. (1982). <i>Opisthobranchia des Mittelmeeres, Nudibranchia und Saccoglossa. Fauna e Flora del Golfo Napoli<\/i>. Springer-Verlag.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-QIJZ76VX\" data-zp-author-date='Sordi-1974' data-zp-date-author='1974-Sordi' data-zp-date='1974' data-zp-year='1974' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Sordi, M. (1974). Nuova specie di mollusco nudibranchio del Mediterraneo: Okenia pusilla. <i>Doriana 5 (216): 1-5<\/i>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-7TFTMUWF\" data-zp-author-date='Templado-1982' data-zp-date-author='1982-Templado' data-zp-date='1982' data-zp-year='1982' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Templado, J. (1982). Datos sobre los opistobranquios del Cabo de Palos (Murcia). <i>Bollettino Malacologico 18 (9-12): 247-254.<\/i><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-X4ZW6P89\" data-zp-author-date='Templado-and-Villanueva-2010' data-zp-date-author='2010-Templado-and-Villanueva' data-zp-date='2010' data-zp-year='2010' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Templado, J., Villanueva, R. (2010). Checklist of Phylum Mollusca. pp. 148-198 In Coll, M., et al., 2010. The biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea: estimates, patterns, and threats. <i>PLoS ONE 5(8):36pp.<\/i><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-AW7FU92K\" data-zp-author-date='Templado-et-al.-1991' data-zp-date-author='1991-Templado-et-al.' data-zp-date='1991' data-zp-year='1991' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Templado, J., Luque, A. A., Ortea, J. A. (1991). A commented check-list of the amphiatlantic Ascoglossa and Nudibranchia (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia). Lavori della Societa Italiana di Malacologia 23:295-326.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-VTTD39XK\" data-zp-author-date='Vald\u00e9s-and-Ortea-1995' data-zp-date-author='1995-Vald\u00e9s-and-Ortea' data-zp-date='1995' data-zp-year='1995' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Vald\u00e9s, \u00c1., Ortea, J. (1995). Revised taxonomy of some species of the genus Okenia Menke, 1830 (Mollusca: Nudibranchia) from the Atlantic Ocean, with the description of a new species. <i>The Veliger, 38(3): 223-234<\/i>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-NBSAGP7H\" data-zp-author-date='Vicente-2008' data-zp-date-author='2008-Vicente' data-zp-date='2008' data-zp-year='2008' data-zp-itemtype='book' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Vicente, N. (2008). <i>100 & une limaces de mer\u202f: guide d\u2019identification des Mollusques Opisthobranches d\u2019Atlantique et de M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e<\/i>. \u00c9d. GAP.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-zp-SEO-Content -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-List -->\n\t<\/div><!--.zp-Zotpress-->\n\n<p><\/p>Bibliografia basada en els treballs de <b>Steve Long, 2006<\/b>. <a target=_blank href=https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Long-S.-2006-Bibliography-of-Opisthobranchia-1554-2000.pdf>Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000<\/a> i <b>Gary McDonald, 2009<\/b>. <a href=http:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/8115h0wz>Bibliographia Nudibranchia<\/a>, amb actualitzacions posteriors procedents d\u00b4altres fonts.<p><\/p><\/ul><p><\/p><p><strong>M\u00e9s informaci\u00f3<\/strong><\/p><span style=\"font-size:10pt\"><ul><ul class=\"blogroll-links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/search\/?text=Okenia%20problematica\">Flickr pictures<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salentosommerso.it\/pp_nudibranchia\/Okenia%20problematica\/pp_Okenia%20problematica.php\">Salento Sommerso<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&#038;id=1723344\">World Register of Marine Species<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/ul><\/span><p><strong>Citeu aquest article com: <\/strong><\/p><div style=\"display: block; background: #444444; padding: 10px 30px 10px 10px; border-radius: 5px; line-height: 18px;\"><p class=\"citacio\"><b>Pontes, Miquel, Manuel Ballesteros, Enric Madrenas<\/b> (2025) <em>\"Cargoa problematica\"<\/em> a <em>OPK-Opistobranquis<\/em>. Publicat: 29\/11\/2020. Accedit: 28\/07\/2026. Disponible a (<a href=https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/?p=30894>https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/?p=30894<\/a>)<\/p><p><\/p><\/div><p><\/p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cargoa problematica (Pola, Paz-Sedano, Macali, Minchin, Marchini, Vitale, Licchelli &amp; Crocetta, 2019) Nota taxon\u00f2mica: Goniodorididae \u00e9s una fam\u00edlia de petits nudibranquis d\u00f2rids distribu\u00efts per tot el m\u00f3n que s\u2019alimenten d\u2019entoprocts, ascidis i briozous. Les relacions evolutives entre els seus t\u00e0xons han estat incertes a causa dels limitats t\u00e0xons disponibles per a an\u00e0lisis filogen\u00e8tiques; alguns g\u00e8neres s\u00f3n parafil\u00e8tics. La fam\u00edlia inclou un nombre notable de g\u00e8neres sinonimitzats en els quals la\u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"continue-reading-button\"> <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/doridida\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/cargoa-problematica\/\">Continua llegint<i class=\"crycon-right-dir\"><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":423,"featured_media":30913,"parent":26111,"menu_order":6324,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-30894","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/30894","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/423"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30894"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/30894\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":46144,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/30894\/revisions\/46144"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/26111"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30913"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30894"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}