{"id":48603,"date":"2026-09-03T14:14:40","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T12:14:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/?page_id=48603"},"modified":"2026-09-03T23:59:24","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T21:59:24","slug":"cladobranchia","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/nudibranchia\/cladobranchia\/","title":{"rendered":"Cladobranchia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Cladobranchia \u00e9s un dels dos grans llinatges evolutius de Nudibranchia, juntament amb Doridina. Compr\u00e8n un grup extraordin\u00e0riament divers de llimacs marins, caracteritzat per una gran varietat de formes corporals i d\u2019estructures dorsals i laterals especialitzades.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"text-token-text-primary cursor-text rounded-sm\" data-placeholder-token=\"true\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt;\" class=\"aligncenter\"><div id=\"featured-img-id\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Tritonia-striata-by-Miquel-Pontes-MPG_2330.jpg?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Candiella striata by Miquel Pontes\" \/><\/div><center><em>Candiella striata<\/em> per Pontes, Miquel<\/center><\/span><p><\/p><\/span><\/h5>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Cladobranchia presenta una notable diversitat morfol\u00f2gica. Moltes esp\u00e8cies posseeixen ap\u00e8ndixs dorsals especialitzats relacionats amb la respiraci\u00f3, la defensa, l\u2019alimentaci\u00f3 o les funcions sensorials. Els ae\u00f2lids es caracteritzen t\u00edpicament per nombrosos cerata distribu\u00efts per la superf\u00edcie dorsal. Aquestes estructures contenen prolongacions de la gl\u00e0ndula digestiva i, en moltes esp\u00e8cies, incorporen cnidosacs, estructures especialitzades relacionades amb la defensa. Altres cladobranquis presenten processos dorsals ramificats o dendr\u00edtics, estructures orals eixamplades, beines rinof\u00f2riques o altres ap\u00e8ndixs especialitzats.<\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">El nom Cladobranchia va ser introdu\u00eft per Willan i Morton (1984) per a un grup de nudibranquis que inclo\u00efa els principals llinatges tradicionalment reconeguts com a ae\u00f2lids, arminacis i dendronotacis. Posteriorment, el concepte del grup va ser revisat mitjan\u00e7ant estudis anat\u00f2mics comparatius i filogen\u00e8tics. L\u2019arribada de les dades moleculars va permetre revisar les relacions entre diversos llinatges i va posar de manifest que algunes agrupacions tradicionals basades en la morfologia no corresponien necess\u00e0riament a grups evolutius naturals.<\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">La filogen\u00e8tica molecular ha comportat nombrosos canvis en la classificaci\u00f3 superior de Cladobranchia. Diverses fam\u00edlies i superfam\u00edlies han estat creades, redefinides o reorganitzades a mesura que s\u2019han incorporat noves dades. Les relacions entre alguns dels principals llinatges del grup continuen sent objecte d\u2019estudi, i la classificaci\u00f3 ha anat evolucionant amb l\u2019acumulaci\u00f3 de noves evid\u00e8ncies.<\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">La classificaci\u00f3 proposada per Korshunova <em>et al.<\/em> (2025) va introduir una important reorganitzaci\u00f3 de la classificaci\u00f3 superior dels nudibranquis i va adoptar un concepte restringit de Nudibranchia. Posteriorment, Moles <em>et al.<\/em> (2026) van reconsiderar aquesta proposta en el context de la seva an\u00e0lisi de l\u2019estabilitat taxon\u00f2mica dels heterobranquis marins. En el tractament adoptat aqu\u00ed, es mant\u00e9 el concepte ampli de Nudibranchia i Cladobranchia es considera un dels seus dos grans llinatges principals.<\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Cladobranchia compr\u00e8n una gran diversitat de grups, entre els quals es troben nombrosos llinatges d\u2019ae\u00f2lids i altres formes tradicionalment agrupades entre els arminacis i dendronotacis. La classificaci\u00f3 superior ha experimentat diverses modificacions i, per aquest motiu, la delimitaci\u00f3 i l\u2019assignaci\u00f3 d\u2019alguns grups poden variar segons la font taxon\u00f2mica utilitzada.<\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Els ae\u00f2lids s\u00f3n especialment coneguts pels seus cerata, que poden exercir funcions respirat\u00f2ries, digestives i defensives. Algunes esp\u00e8cies s\u00f3n capaces de retenir nematocists funcionals obtinguts de les seves preses cnid\u00e0ries i incorporar-los als cnidosacs situats als extrems dels cerata. Altres cladobranquis presenten mecanismes defensius diferents, entre els quals hi ha defenses qu\u00edmiques, coloracions cr\u00edptiques i estructures corporals especialitzades.<\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Cladobranchia ocupa una \u00e0mplia varietat d\u2019ambients marins, des d\u2019aig\u00fces costaneres poc profundes i zones intermareals fins a ambients m\u00e9s profunds de la plataforma i el tal\u00fas continental. Moltes esp\u00e8cies mantenen relacions tr\u00f2fiques especialitzades amb determinats organismes, entre els quals hi ha hidrozoos, octocoralls i altres cnidaris, esponges i briozous. Aquestes especialitzacions aliment\u00e0ries poden estar associades amb adaptacions morfol\u00f2giques, comportamentals i qu\u00edmiques.<\/p>\n<p>La diversitat de Cladobranchia es manifesta tant en la seva morfologia com en les seves estrat\u00e8gies ecol\u00f2giques. La gran varietat d\u2019estructures corporals, formes d\u2019alimentaci\u00f3 i mecanismes defensius que presenta el grup reflecteix una hist\u00f2ria evolutiva complexa. Els estudis anat\u00f2mics, del desenvolupament, moleculars i ecol\u00f2gics continuen aportant informaci\u00f3 per comprendre millor les relacions entre els seus diferents llinatges i la seva diversificaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>La classificaci\u00f3 que es presenta a continuaci\u00f3 reflecteix el marc taxon\u00f2mic actual utilitzat al World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), tenint en compte el concepte m\u00e9s ampli de Nudibranchia avalat per Moles <em>et al.<\/em> (2026):<\/p>\n<div style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\n<p><strong>Cladobranchia<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Aeolidioidea J. E. Gray, 1827\n<ul>\n<li>Aeolidiidae J. E. Gray, 1827\n<ul>\n<li><em>Aeolidia<\/em> Cuvier, 1798<\/li>\n<li><em>Aeolidiella<\/em> Bergh, 1867<\/li>\n<li><em>Aeolidiopsis<\/em> Pruvot-Fol, 1956<\/li>\n<li><em>Anteaeolidiella<\/em> M. C. Miller, 2001<\/li>\n<li><em>Baeolidia<\/em> Bergh, 1888<\/li>\n<li><em>Berghia<\/em> Trinchese, 1877<\/li>\n<li><em>Bulbaeolidia<\/em> Carmona, Pola, Gosliner &amp; Cervera, 2013<\/li>\n<li><em>Cerberilla<\/em> Bergh, 1873<\/li>\n<li><em>Limenandra<\/em> Haefelfinger &amp; Stamm, 1958<\/li>\n<li><em>Spurilla<\/em> Bergh, 1864<\/li>\n<li><em>Zeusia<\/em> Korshunova, Zimina &amp; Martynov, 2017<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Babakinidae Roller, 1973\n<ul>\n<li><em>Babakina<\/em> Roller, 1973<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Facelinidae Bergh, 1889\n<ul>\n<li><em>Adfacelina<\/em> Millen &amp; Hermosillo, 2012<\/li>\n<li><em>Algarvia<\/em> Garc\u00eda-G\u00f3mez &amp; Cervera, 1990<\/li>\n<li><em>Amanda<\/em> Macnae, 1954<\/li>\n<li><em>Anetarca<\/em> Gosliner, 1991<\/li>\n<li><em>Antonietta<\/em> Schmekel, 1966<\/li>\n<li><em>Austraeolis<\/em> Burn, 1962<\/li>\n<li><em>Bajaeolis<\/em> Gosliner &amp; Behrens, 1986<\/li>\n<li><em>Burnaia<\/em> M. C. Miller, 2001<\/li>\n<li><em>Caloria<\/em> Trinchese, 1888<\/li>\n<li><em>Cratena<\/em> Bergh, 1864<\/li>\n<li>Crateninae Bergh, 1889<\/li>\n<li><em>Dicata<\/em> Schmekel, 1967<\/li>\n<li><em>Echinopsole<\/em> Macnae, 1954<\/li>\n<li><em>Emarcusia<\/em> Roller, 1972<\/li>\n<li><em>Facelina<\/em> Alder &amp; Hancock, 1855<\/li>\n<li>Facelininae Bergh, 1889<\/li>\n<li><em>Facelinopsis<\/em> Pruvot-Fol, 1954<\/li>\n<li>Favorininae Bergh, 1889<\/li>\n<li><em>Favorinus<\/em> J. E. Gray, 1850<\/li>\n<li><em>Hermosita<\/em> Gosliner &amp; Behrens, 1986<\/li>\n<li><em>Herviella<\/em> Baba, 1949<\/li>\n<li>Herviellinae Burn, 1967<\/li>\n<li><em>Janssonius<\/em> Ortea &amp; Moro, 2022<\/li>\n<li><em>Jason<\/em> M. C. Miller, 1974<\/li>\n<li><em>Learchis<\/em> Bergh, 1896<\/li>\n<li><em>Moridilla<\/em> Bergh, 1888<\/li>\n<li><em>Myja<\/em> Bergh, 1896<\/li>\n<li><em>Noumeaella<\/em> Risbec, 1937<\/li>\n<li><em>Palisa<\/em> Edmunds, 1964<\/li>\n<li><em>Pauleo<\/em> Millen &amp; Hamann, 1992<\/li>\n<li><em>Phidiana<\/em> Gray, 1850<\/li>\n<li><em>Pruvotfolia<\/em> J. Tardy, 1970<\/li>\n<li>Pteraeolidiinae Risbec, 1953\n<ul>\n<li><em>Pteraeolidia<\/em> Bergh, 1875<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><em>Sakuraeolis<\/em> Baba, 1965<\/li>\n<li><em>Setoeolis<\/em> Baba, 1965<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Flabellinidae Bergh, 1889\n<ul>\n<li><em>Calmella<\/em> Eliot, 1906<\/li>\n<li><em>Carronella<\/em> Korshunova, Martynov, Bakken, Evertsen, Fletcher, Mudianta, H. Saito, Lundin, Schr\u00f6dl &amp; Picton, 2017<\/li>\n<li><em>Coryphellina<\/em> O&#8217;Donoghue, 1929<\/li>\n<li><em>Edmundsella<\/em> Korshunova, Martynov, Bakken, Evertsen, Fletcher, Mudianta, H. Saito, Lundin, Schr\u00f6dl &amp; Picton, 2017<\/li>\n<li><em>Flabellina<\/em> McMurtrie, 1831<\/li>\n<li><em>Paraflabellina<\/em> Korshunova, Martynov, Bakken, Evertsen, Fletcher, Mudianta, H. Saito, Lundin, Schr\u00f6dl &amp; Picton, 2017<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Flabellinopsidae Korshunova, Martynov, Bakken, Evertsen, Fletcher, Mudianta, H. Saito, Lundin, Schr\u00f6dl &amp; Picton, 2017\n<ul>\n<li><em>Baenopsis<\/em> Korshunova, Martynov, Bakken, Evertsen, Fletcher, Mudianta, H. Saito, Lundin, Schr\u00f6dl &amp; Picton, 2017<\/li>\n<li><em>Flabellinopsis<\/em> MacFarland, 1966<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Glaucidae Gray, 1827\n<ul>\n<li><em>Glaucilla<\/em> Bergh, 1861<\/li>\n<li><em>Glaucus<\/em> Forster, 1777<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Hantazuidae Korshunova, Fletcher &amp; Martynov, 2025\n<ul>\n<li><em>Hantazuia<\/em> Korshunova, Fletcher &amp; Martynov, 2025<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Myrrhinidae Bergh, 1905\n<ul>\n<li><em>Dondice<\/em> Er. Marcus, 1958<\/li>\n<li><em>Godiva<\/em> Macnae, 1954<\/li>\n<li><em>Hermissenda<\/em> Bergh, 1879<\/li>\n<li><em>Nanuca<\/em> Er. Marcus, 1957<\/li>\n<li><em>Nemesignis<\/em> Furfaro &amp; Mariottini, 2021<\/li>\n<li><em>Phyllodesmium<\/em> Ehrenberg, 1831<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Piseinotecidae Edmunds, 1970\n<ul>\n<li><em>Piseinotecus<\/em> Er. Marcus, 1955<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Pleurolidiidae Burn, 1966\n<ul>\n<li><em>Pleurolidia<\/em> Burn, 1966<\/li>\n<li><em>Protaeolidiella<\/em> Baba, 1955<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Apataoidea Korshunova, Martynov, Bakken, Evertsen, Fletcher, Mudianta, H. Saito, Lundin, Schr\u00f6dl &amp; Picton, 2017\n<ul>\n<li>Apataidae Korshunova, Martynov, Bakken, Evertsen, Fletcher, Mudianta, H. Saito, Lundin, Schr\u00f6dl &amp; Picton, 2017\n<ul>\n<li><em>Apata<\/em> Korshunova, Martynov, Bakken, Evertsen, Fletcher, Mudianta, H. Saito, Lundin, Schr\u00f6dl &amp; Picton, 2017<\/li>\n<li><em>Tularia<\/em> Burn, 1966<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Chudoidea Korshunova, Fletcher &amp; Martynov, 2025\n<ul>\n<li>Chudidae Korshunova, Fletcher &amp; Martynov, 2025\n<ul>\n<li><em>Chudo<\/em> Korshunova, Fletcher &amp; Martynov, 2025<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Embletonioidea Pruvot-Fol, 1954\n<ul>\n<li>Embletoniidae Pruvot-Fol, 1954\n<ul>\n<li><em>Embletonia<\/em> Alder &amp; Hancock, 1851<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Fionoidea J. E. Gray, 1857\n<ul>\n<li>Abronicidae Korshunova, Martynov, Bakken, Evertsen, Fletcher, Mudianta, H. Saito, Lundin, Schr\u00f6dl &amp; Picton, 2017\n<ul>\n<li><em>Abronica<\/em> Cella, Carmona, Ekimova, Chichvarkhin, Schepetov &amp; Gosliner, 2016<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Calmidae Iredale &amp; O&#8217;Donoghue, 1923\n<ul>\n<li><em>Calma<\/em> Alder &amp; Hancock, 1855<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Coryphellidae Bergh, 1889\n<ul>\n<li><em>Borealea<\/em> Korshunova, Martynov, Bakken, Evertsen, Fletcher, Mudianta, H. Saito, Lundin, Schr\u00f6dl &amp; Picton, 2017<\/li>\n<li><em>Corrupta<\/em> Korshunova, Fletcher &amp; Martynov, 2025<\/li>\n<li><em>Coryphella<\/em> J. E. Gray, 1850<\/li>\n<li><em>Fjordia<\/em> Korshunova, Martynov, Bakken, Evertsen, Fletcher, Mudianta, H. Saito, Lundin, Schr\u00f6dl &amp; Picton, 2017<\/li>\n<li><em>Gulenia<\/em> Korshunova, Martynov, Bakken, Evertsen, Fletcher, Mudianta, H. Saito, Lundin, Schr\u00f6dl &amp; Picton, 2017<\/li>\n<li><em>Himatina<\/em> Thiele, 1931<\/li>\n<li><em>Itaxia<\/em> Korshunova, Martynov, Bakken, Evertsen, Fletcher, Mudianta, H. Saito, Lundin, Schr\u00f6dl &amp; Picton, 2017<\/li>\n<li><em>Microchlamylla<\/em> Korshunova, Martynov, Bakken, Evertsen, Fletcher, Mudianta, H. Saito, Lundin, Schr\u00f6dl &amp; Picton, 2017<\/li>\n<li><em>Occidenthella<\/em> Korshunova, Martynov, Bakken, Evertsen, Fletcher, Mudianta, H. Saito, Lundin, Schr\u00f6dl &amp; Picton, 2017<\/li>\n<li><em>Orienthella<\/em> Korshunova, Martynov, Bakken, Evertsen, Fletcher, Mudianta, H. Saito, Lundin, Schr\u00f6dl &amp; Picton, 2017<\/li>\n<li><em>Portorchardia<\/em> Korshunova, Fletcher &amp; Martynov, 2025<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Cumanotidae Odhner, 1907\n<ul>\n<li><em>Cumanotus<\/em> Odhner, 1907<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Cuthonellidae M. C. Miller, 1977\n<ul>\n<li><em>Cratenopsis<\/em> Lemche, 1935<\/li>\n<li><em>Cuthonella<\/em> Bergh, 1884<\/li>\n<li><em>Fiocuthona<\/em> Martynov, 1992<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Cuthonidae Odhner, 1934\n<ul>\n<li><em>Bohuslania<\/em> Korshunova, Lundin, Malmberg, Picton &amp; Martynov, 2018<\/li>\n<li><em>Cuthona<\/em> Alder &amp; Hancock, 1855<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Eubranchidae Odhner, 1934\n<ul>\n<li><em>Aenigmastyletus<\/em> Martynov, 1998<\/li>\n<li><em>Amphorina<\/em> Quatrefages, 1844<\/li>\n<li><em>Annulorhina<\/em> K. P. Rao, 1968<\/li>\n<li><em>Capellinia<\/em> Trinchese, 1873<\/li>\n<li><em>Corruptobranchus<\/em> Martynov &amp; Korshunova, 2025<\/li>\n<li><em>Dunga<\/em> Eliot, 1902<\/li>\n<li><em>Eubranchopsis<\/em> Baba, 1949<\/li>\n<li><em>Eubranchulus<\/em> Martynov &amp; Korshunova, 2025<\/li>\n<li><em>Eubranchus<\/em> Forbes, 1838<\/li>\n<li><em>Galvinella<\/em> Eliot, 1907<\/li>\n<li><em>Karavellia<\/em> Martynov &amp; Korshunova, 2025<\/li>\n<li><em>Leostyletus<\/em> Martynov, 1998<\/li>\n<li><em>Nudibranchus<\/em> Martynov, 1998<\/li>\n<li><em>Produnga<\/em> Martynov, 1998<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Fionidae J. E. Gray, 1857\n<ul>\n<li><em>Fiona<\/em> Alder &amp; Hancock, 1853<\/li>\n<li><em>Tergiposacca<\/em> Cella, Carmona, Ekimova, Chichvarkhin, Schepetov &amp; Gosliner, 2016<\/li>\n<li><em>Zatteria<\/em> Eliot, 1902<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Magallanidae Ortea &amp; Moro, 2020\n<ul>\n<li><em>Magallanes<\/em> Ortea &amp; Moro, 2020<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Murmaniidae Korshunova, Martynov, Bakken, Evertsen, Fletcher, Mudianta, H. Saito, Lundin, Schr\u00f6dl &amp; Picton, 2017\n<ul>\n<li><em>Guyvalvoria<\/em> Vayssi\u00e8re, 1906<\/li>\n<li><em>Murmania<\/em> Martynov, 2006<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Paracoryphellidae M. C. Miller, 1971\n<ul>\n<li><em>Chlamylla<\/em> Bergh, 1886<\/li>\n<li><em>Paracoryphella<\/em> M. C. Miller, 1971<\/li>\n<li><em>Polaria<\/em> Korshunova, Martynov, Bakken, Evertsen, Fletcher, Mudianta, H. Saito, Lundin, Schr\u00f6dl &amp; Picton, 2017<\/li>\n<li><em>Ziminella<\/em> Korshunova, Martynov, Bakken, Evertsen, Fletcher, Mudianta, H. Saito, Lundin, Schr\u00f6dl &amp; Picton, 2017<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Pinufiidae Er. Marcus &amp; Ev. Marcus, 1960\n<ul>\n<li><em>Pinufius<\/em> Er. Marcus &amp; Ev. Marcus, 1960<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Pseudovermidae Thiele, 1931\n<ul>\n<li><em>Pseudovermis<\/em> Perejaslavtzeva, 1891<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Tergipedidae Bergh, 1889\n<ul>\n<li><em>Tergipes<\/em> Cuvier, 1805<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Trinchesiidae F. Nordsieck, 1972\n<ul>\n<li><em>Catriona<\/em> Winckworth, 1941<\/li>\n<li><em>Diaphoreolis<\/em> Iredale &amp; O&#8217;Donoghue, 1923<\/li>\n<li><em>Phestilla<\/em> Bergh, 1874<\/li>\n<li><em>Rubramoena<\/em> Cella, Carmona, Ekimova, Chichvarkhin, Schepetov &amp; Gosliner, 2016<\/li>\n<li><em>Selva<\/em> Edmunds, 1964<\/li>\n<li><em>Tenellia<\/em> A. Costa, 1866<\/li>\n<li><em>Trinchesia<\/em> Ihering, 1879<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Xenocratenidae Martynov, Lundin, Picton, Fletcher, Malmberg &amp; Korshunova, 2020\n<ul>\n<li><em>Xenocratena<\/em> Odhner, 1940<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Notaeolidioidea Eliot, 1910\n<ul>\n<li>Notaeolidiidae Eliot, 1910\n<ul>\n<li><em>Notaeolidia<\/em> Eliot, 1905<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Samloidea Korshunova, Martynov, Bakken, Evertsen, Fletcher, Mudianta, H. Saito, Lundin, Schr\u00f6dl &amp; Picton, 2017\n<ul>\n<li>Samlidae Korshunova, Martynov, Bakken, Evertsen, Fletcher, Mudianta, H. Saito, Lundin, Schr\u00f6dl &amp; Picton, 2017\n<ul>\n<li><em>Luisella<\/em> Korshunova, Martynov, Bakken, Evertsen, Fletcher, Mudianta, H. Saito, Lundin, Schr\u00f6dl &amp; Picton, 2017<\/li>\n<li><em>Samla<\/em> Bergh, 1900<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Unidentioidea Millen &amp; Hermosillo, 2012\n<ul>\n<li>Unidentiidae Millen &amp; Hermosillo, 2012\n<ul>\n<li><em>Pacifia<\/em> Korshunova, Martynov, Bakken, Evertsen, Fletcher, Mudianta, H. Saito, Lundin, Schr\u00f6dl &amp; Picton, 2017<\/li>\n<li><em>Phetia<\/em> Korshunova, Fletcher &amp; Martynov, 2025<\/li>\n<li><em>Unidentia<\/em> Millen &amp; Hermosillo, 2012<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Arminoidea Iredale &amp; O&#8217;Donoghue, 1923 (1841)\n<ul>\n<li>Arminidae Iredale &amp; O&#8217;Donoghue, 1923 (1841)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Armina<\/em> Rafinesque, 1814<\/li>\n<li><em>Atthila<\/em> Bergh, 1899<\/li>\n<li><em>Dermatobranchus<\/em> van Hasselt, 1824<\/li>\n<li><em>Histiomena<\/em> M\u00f6rch, 1859<\/li>\n<li><em>Pleurophyllidiella<\/em> Eliot, 1903<\/li>\n<li><em>Pleurophyllidiopsis<\/em> S. Tchang, 1934<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Dendronotoidea Allman, 1845\n<ul>\n<li>Bornellidae Bergh, 1874\n<ul>\n<li><em>Bornella<\/em> Gray, 1850<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Dendronotidae Allman, 1845\n<ul>\n<li><em>Cabangus<\/em> Korshunova, Bakken, Gr\u00f8tan, K. B. Johnson, Lundin &amp; Martynov, 2020<\/li>\n<li><em>Dendronotus<\/em> Alder &amp; Hancock, 1845<\/li>\n<li><em>Pseudobornella<\/em> Baba, 1932<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Dotidae Gray, 1853\n<ul>\n<li><em>Caecinella<\/em> Bergh, 1870<\/li>\n<li><em>Doto<\/em> Oken, 1815<\/li>\n<li><em>Kabeiro<\/em> Shipman &amp; Gosliner, 2015<\/li>\n<li><em>Miesea<\/em> Er. Marcus, 1961<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Hancockiidae MacFarland, 1923\n<ul>\n<li><em>Hancockia<\/em> Gosse, 1877<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Lomanotidae Bergh, 1890\n<ul>\n<li><em>Lomanotus<\/em> V\u00e9rany, 1844<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Phylliroidae Menke, 1830\n<ul>\n<li><em>Cephalopyge<\/em> Hanel, 1905<\/li>\n<li><em>Phylliroe<\/em> F. P\u00e9ron &amp; Lesueur, 1810<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Scyllaeidae Alder &amp; Hancock, 1855\n<ul>\n<li><em>Crosslandia<\/em> Eliot, 1902<\/li>\n<li><em>Notobryon<\/em> Odhner, 1936<\/li>\n<li><em>Scyllaea<\/em> Linnaeus, 1758<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Tethydidae Rafinesque, 1815\n<ul>\n<li><em>Melibe<\/em> Rang, 1829<\/li>\n<li><em>Tethys<\/em> Linnaeus, 1767<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Proctonotoidea J. E. Gray, 1853\n<ul>\n<li>Curnonidae d&#8217;Udekem d&#8217;Acoz, 2017\n<ul>\n<li><em>Curnon<\/em> d&#8217;Udekem d&#8217;Acoz, 2017<\/li>\n<li><em>Pseudotritonia<\/em> Thiele, 1912<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Dironidae Eliot, 1910\n<ul>\n<li><em>Dirona<\/em> MacFarland, 1905<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Goniaeolididae Odhner, 1907\n<ul>\n<li><em>Goniaeolis<\/em> M. Sars, 1861<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Janolidae Pruvot-Fol, 1933\n<ul>\n<li><em>Antiopella<\/em> Hoyle, 1902<\/li>\n<li><em>Bonisa<\/em> Gosliner, 1981<\/li>\n<li><em>Galeojanolus<\/em> M. C. Miller, 1971<\/li>\n<li><em>Janolus<\/em> Bergh, 1884<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Lemindidae R. J. Griffiths, 1985\n<ul>\n<li><em>Leminda<\/em> R. J. Griffiths, 1985<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Madrellidae Preston, 1911\n<ul>\n<li><em>Eliotia<\/em> Vayssi\u00e8re, 1909<\/li>\n<li><em>Madrella<\/em> Alder &amp; Hancock, 1864<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Proctonotidae J. E. Gray, 1853\n<ul>\n<li><em>Caldukia<\/em> Burn &amp; M. C. Miller, 1969<\/li>\n<li><em>Proctonotus<\/em> Alder &amp; Hancock, 1844<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Tritonioidea Lamarck, 1809\n<ul>\n<li>Tritoniidae Lamarck, 1809\n<ul>\n<li>Marioniinae F. V. Silva, Pola &amp; Cervera, 2023\n<ul>\n<li><em>Marionia<\/em> Vayssi\u00e8re, 1877<\/li>\n<li><em>Marioniopsis<\/em> Odhner, 1934<\/li>\n<li><em>Paratritonia<\/em> Baba, 1949<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Tritoniinae Lamarck, 1809\n<ul>\n<li><em>Candiella<\/em> J. E. Gray, 1850<\/li>\n<li><em>Marianina<\/em> Pruvot-Fol, 1931<\/li>\n<li><em>Myrella<\/em> Odhner, 1963<\/li>\n<li><em>Tochuina<\/em> Odhner, 1963<\/li>\n<li><em>Tritonia<\/em> Cuvier, 1797<\/li>\n<li><em>Tritonicula<\/em> Korshunova &amp; Martynov, 2020<\/li>\n<li><em>Tritonidoxa<\/em> Bergh, 1907<\/li>\n<li><em>Tritoniella<\/em> Eliot, 1907<\/li>\n<li><em>Tritoniopsis<\/em> Eliot, 1905<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Grups principals de Cladobranchia:<\/p>\n\r\n    <div\r\n        class=\"autonav-grid autonav-columns-3\"\r\n    >\r\n\r\n        \r\n            \r\n            <article class=\"autonav-card\">\r\n\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/nudibranchia\/cladobranchia\/aeolidioidea\/\">\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                        <div class=\"autonav-image\">\r\n\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"812\" height=\"614\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/dondice-banyulensis-23.jpg?fit=812%2C614&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"autonav-thumb\" alt=\"Nemesignis banyulensis by Enric Madrenas\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/dondice-banyulensis-23.jpg?w=812&amp;ssl=1 812w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/dondice-banyulensis-23.jpg?resize=300%2C226&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 812px) 100vw, 812px\" data-attachment-id=\"4369\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/nudibranchia\/cladobranchia\/aeolidioidea\/nemesignis-banyulensis\/dondice-banyulensis-23\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/dondice-banyulensis-23.jpg?fit=812%2C614&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"812,614\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-title=\"Nemesignis banyulensis by Enric Madrenas\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Nemesignis banyulensis by Enric Madrenas&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Nemesignis banyulensis&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/dondice-banyulensis-23.jpg?fit=812%2C614&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                    <div class=\"autonav-content\">\r\n\r\n                        <h3>\r\n                            Aeolidioidea                        <\/h3>\r\n\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <\/a>\r\n\r\n            <\/article>\r\n\r\n        \r\n            \r\n            <article class=\"autonav-card\">\r\n\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/nudibranchia\/cladobranchia\/arminoidea\/\">\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                        <div class=\"autonav-image\">\r\n\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"650\" height=\"438\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/armina-neapolitana-00.jpg?fit=650%2C438&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"autonav-thumb\" alt=\"Armina neapolitana\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/armina-neapolitana-00.jpg?w=650&amp;ssl=1 650w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/armina-neapolitana-00.jpg?resize=300%2C202&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" data-attachment-id=\"4121\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/nudibranchia\/cladobranchia\/arminoidea\/armina-neapolitana\/armina-neapolitana-00\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/armina-neapolitana-00.jpg?fit=650%2C438&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"650,438\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-title=\"Armina neapolitana\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Armina neapolitana&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Armina neapolitana&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/armina-neapolitana-00.jpg?fit=650%2C438&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                    <div class=\"autonav-content\">\r\n\r\n                        <h3>\r\n                            Arminoidea                        <\/h3>\r\n\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <\/a>\r\n\r\n            <\/article>\r\n\r\n        \r\n            \r\n            <article class=\"autonav-card\">\r\n\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/nudibranchia\/cladobranchia\/dendronotoidea\/\">\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                        <div class=\"autonav-image\">\r\n\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"808\" height=\"541\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/Doto-rosea-3mm-by-Enric-Madrenas.jpg?fit=808%2C541&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"autonav-thumb\" alt=\"Doto rosea 3mm by Enric Madrenas\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/Doto-rosea-3mm-by-Enric-Madrenas.jpg?w=808&amp;ssl=1 808w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/Doto-rosea-3mm-by-Enric-Madrenas.jpg?resize=150%2C100&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/Doto-rosea-3mm-by-Enric-Madrenas.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 808px) 100vw, 808px\" data-attachment-id=\"14432\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/nudibranchia\/cladobranchia\/dendronotoidea\/doto-rosea\/doto-rosea-3mm-by-enric-madrenas\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/Doto-rosea-3mm-by-Enric-Madrenas.jpg?fit=808%2C541&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"808,541\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-title=\"Doto rosea 3mm by Enric Madrenas\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Doto rosea 3mm by Enric Madrenas&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Doto rosea 3mm&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/Doto-rosea-3mm-by-Enric-Madrenas.jpg?fit=808%2C541&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                    <div class=\"autonav-content\">\r\n\r\n                        <h3>\r\n                            Dendronotoidea                        <\/h3>\r\n\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <\/a>\r\n\r\n            <\/article>\r\n\r\n        \r\n            \r\n            <article class=\"autonav-card\">\r\n\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/nudibranchia\/cladobranchia\/embletonioidea\/\">\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                        <div class=\"autonav-image\">\r\n\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"790\" height=\"610\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/IMG_2683.jpg?fit=790%2C610&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"autonav-thumb\" alt=\"Embletonia mediterranea @ Granada by David Ballesteros\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/IMG_2683.jpg?w=790&amp;ssl=1 790w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/IMG_2683.jpg?resize=300%2C232&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/IMG_2683.jpg?resize=150%2C116&amp;ssl=1 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 790px) 100vw, 790px\" data-attachment-id=\"38320\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/nudibranchia\/cladobranchia\/embletonioidea\/embletonia-mediterranea\/img_2683\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/IMG_2683.jpg?fit=790%2C610&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"790,610\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-title=\"Embletonia mediterranea @ Granada by David Ballesteros\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Embletonia mediterranea @ Granada by David Ballesteros&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Embletonia mediterranea @ Granada&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/IMG_2683.jpg?fit=790%2C610&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                    <div class=\"autonav-content\">\r\n\r\n                        <h3>\r\n                            Embletonioidea                        <\/h3>\r\n\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <\/a>\r\n\r\n            <\/article>\r\n\r\n        \r\n            \r\n            <article class=\"autonav-card\">\r\n\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/nudibranchia\/cladobranchia\/fionoidea\/\">\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                        <div class=\"autonav-image\">\r\n\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"599\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Eubranchus-farrani-Galicia-by-Carlos-Fern%C3%A1ndez-Cid.jpg?fit=900%2C599&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"autonav-thumb\" alt=\"Amphorina farrani @ Galicia by Carlos Fern\u00e1ndez-Cid\" loading=\"lazy\" data-attachment-id=\"18611\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/nudibranchia\/cladobranchia\/fionoidea\/amphorina-farrani\/eubranchus-farrani-galicia-by-carlos-fernandez-cid\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Eubranchus-farrani-Galicia-by-Carlos-Fern%C3%A1ndez-Cid.jpg?fit=1861%2C1240&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1861,1240\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-title=\"Amphorina farrani @ Galicia by Carlos Fern\u00e1ndez-Cid\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Amphorina farrani @ Galicia by Carlos Fern\u00e1ndez-Cid&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Amphorina farrani with white lined tail @ Galicia by Carlos Fern\u00e1ndez-Cid&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Eubranchus-farrani-Galicia-by-Carlos-Fern%C3%A1ndez-Cid.jpg?fit=900%2C599&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                    <div class=\"autonav-content\">\r\n\r\n                        <h3>\r\n                            Fionoidea                        <\/h3>\r\n\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <\/a>\r\n\r\n            <\/article>\r\n\r\n        \r\n            \r\n            <article class=\"autonav-card\">\r\n\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/nudibranchia\/cladobranchia\/proctonotoidea\/\">\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                        <div class=\"autonav-image\">\r\n\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"631\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Janolus-cristatus-%40-Salpatxot-Illes-Medes-Spain-31-03-2012-by-Miquel-Pontes-_MPG9950.jpg?fit=900%2C631&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"autonav-thumb\" alt=\"Antiopella cristata @ Salpatxot, Illes Medes, Spain 31-03-2012 by Miquel Pontes\" loading=\"lazy\" data-attachment-id=\"23336\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/nudibranchia\/cladobranchia\/proctonotoidea\/antiopella-cristata\/janolus-cristatus-salpatxot-illes-medes-spain-31-03-2012-by-miquel-pontes-_mpg9950\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Janolus-cristatus-%40-Salpatxot-Illes-Medes-Spain-31-03-2012-by-Miquel-Pontes-_MPG9950.jpg?fit=1024%2C718&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1024,718\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-title=\"Antiopella cristata @ Salpatxot, Illes Medes, Spain 31-03-2012 by Miquel Pontes\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Antiopella cristata @ Salpatxot, Illes Medes, Spain 31-03-2012 by Miquel Pontes&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Antiopella cristata @ Salpatxot, Illes Medes, Spain 31-03-2012&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Janolus-cristatus-%40-Salpatxot-Illes-Medes-Spain-31-03-2012-by-Miquel-Pontes-_MPG9950.jpg?fit=900%2C631&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                    <div class=\"autonav-content\">\r\n\r\n                        <h3>\r\n                            Proctonotoidea                        <\/h3>\r\n\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <\/a>\r\n\r\n            <\/article>\r\n\r\n        \r\n            \r\n            <article class=\"autonav-card\">\r\n\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/nudibranchia\/cladobranchia\/tritonioidea\/\">\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                        <div class=\"autonav-image\">\r\n\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Tritonia-striata-DSC_5413-by-Miquel-Pontes.jpg?fit=800%2C533&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"autonav-thumb\" alt=\"Candiella striata\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Tritonia-striata-DSC_5413-by-Miquel-Pontes.jpg?w=800&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Tritonia-striata-DSC_5413-by-Miquel-Pontes.jpg?resize=150%2C99&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Tritonia-striata-DSC_5413-by-Miquel-Pontes.jpg?resize=300%2C199&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" data-attachment-id=\"11018\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/galeria\/opistobranquis-miquel-pontes\/tritonia-striata-dsc_5413-by-miquel-pontes\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Tritonia-striata-DSC_5413-by-Miquel-Pontes.jpg?fit=800%2C533&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"800,533\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-title=\"Candiella striata (DSC_5413 by Miquel Pontes)\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Candiella striata&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Candiella striata&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Tritonia-striata-DSC_5413-by-Miquel-Pontes.jpg?fit=800%2C533&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                    <div class=\"autonav-content\">\r\n\r\n                        <h3>\r\n                            Tritonioidea                        <\/h3>\r\n\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <\/a>\r\n\r\n            <\/article>\r\n\r\n        \r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    \n<p><strong>Bibliografia<\/strong><\/p><ul><div id=\"zotpress-b31b2ff6a7a382397df6dba6e88d92d2\" class=\"zp-Zotpress zp-Zotpress-Bib wp-block-group\">\n\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_API_USER_ID ZP_ATTR\">1246567<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ITEM_KEY ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_COLLECTION_ID ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TAG_ID ZP_ATTR\">Cladobranchia<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_AUTHOR ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_YEAR ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_ITEMTYPE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_INCLUSIVE ZP_ATTR\">1<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_STYLE ZP_ATTR\">eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_LIMIT ZP_ATTR\">50<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SORTBY ZP_ATTR\">creator<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ORDER ZP_ATTR\">asc<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TITLE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SHOWIMAGE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SHOWTAGS ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_DOWNLOADABLE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_NOTES ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ABSTRACT ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_CITEABLE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TARGET ZP_ATTR\">1<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_URLWRAP ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_FORCENUM ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_HIGHLIGHT ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_POSTID ZP_ATTR\">48603<\/span>\n\t\t<span 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The endless forms are the most differentiated\u2014how taxonomic pseudo-optimization masked natural diversity and evolution: the nudibranch case. <i>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society<\/i>, <i>204<\/i>(4), 1-93. <a class=&#039;zp-ItemURL&#039; target=&#039;_blank&#039; href=&#039;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlaf057&#039;>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlaf057<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-48603-1246567-2X4YM64B\" data-zp-author-date='Mahguib-and-Vald\u00e9s-2015' data-zp-date-author='2015-Mahguib-and-Vald\u00e9s' data-zp-date='2015' data-zp-year='2015' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Mahguib, J., Vald\u00e9s, \u00c1. (2015). Molecular investigation of the phylogenetic position of the polar nudibranch Doridoxa (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Heterobranchia). <i>Polar Biol (2015) 38:1369\u20131377<\/i>. <a class=&#039;zp-DOIURL&#039; target=&#039;_blank&#039; href=&#039;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00300-015-1700-5&#039;>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00300-015-1700-5<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-48603-1246567-9VIPQGDN\" data-zp-author-date='Moles-et-al.-2026-09-01' data-zp-date-author='2026-09-01-Moles-et-al.' data-zp-date='2026-09-01' data-zp-year='2026' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Moles, J., Bonomo, L., Brenzinger, B., Camacho Garc\u00eda, Y. E., Carmona, L., Currado, J. L. C., Donohoo, S. et\u00a0al. (2026). Towards systematics-based guidelines for stable taxonomy: lessons from sea slugs. <i>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society<\/i>, <i>208<\/i>(1), zlag141. <a class=&#039;zp-ItemURL&#039; target=&#039;_blank&#039; href=&#039;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlag141&#039;>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlag141<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-48603-1246567-ZMQA2WCB\" data-zp-author-date='Pola-and-Gosliner-2010' data-zp-date-author='2010-Pola-and-Gosliner' data-zp-date='2010' data-zp-year='2010' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Pola, M., Gosliner, T. M. (2010). The first molecular phylogeny of cladobranchian opisthobranchs (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Nudibranchia). <i>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56: 931-941.<\/i><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-48603-1246567-IM4ETCFK\" data-zp-author-date='Schr\u00f6dl-et-al.-2001' data-zp-date-author='2001-Schr\u00f6dl-et-al.' data-zp-date='2001' data-zp-year='2001' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Schr\u00f6dl, M., W\u00e4gele, H., Willan, R. C. (2001). Taxonomic redescription of the doridoxidae (Gastropoda\u202f: Opisthobranchia), an enigmatic family of deep water nudibranchs, with discussion of basal nudibranch phylogeny. <i>Zoologischer Anzeiger<\/i>, <i>240<\/i>(1), 83-97. <a class=&#039;zp-DOIURL&#039; target=&#039;_blank&#039; href=&#039;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1078\/0044-5231-00008&#039;>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1078\/0044-5231-00008<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-48603-1246567-2J2FGD4Z\" data-zp-author-date='W\u00e4gele-and-Willan-2000' data-zp-date-author='2000-W\u00e4gele-and-Willan' data-zp-date='2000' data-zp-year='2000' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">W\u00e4gele, H., Willan, R. C. (2000). Phylogeny of the Nudibranchia. <i>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society<\/i>, <i>130<\/i>(1), 83-181. <a class=&#039;zp-DOIURL&#039; target=&#039;_blank&#039; href=&#039;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1096-3642.2000.tb02196.x&#039;>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1096-3642.2000.tb02196.x<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-48603-1246567-ISNAQMQA\" data-zp-author-date='W\u00e4gele-et-al.-2014' data-zp-date-author='2014-W\u00e4gele-et-al.' data-zp-date='2014' data-zp-year='2014' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">W\u00e4gele, H., Klussmann-Kolb, A., Verbeek, E., Schr\u00f6dl, M. (2014). Flashback and foreshadowing-a review of the taxon Opisthobranchia. <i>Organisms Diversity & Evolution<\/i>, <i>14<\/i>(1), 133-149. <a class=&#039;zp-DOIURL&#039; target=&#039;_blank&#039; href=&#039;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13127-013-0151-5&#039;>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13127-013-0151-5<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-zp-SEO-Content -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-List -->\n\t<\/div><!--.zp-Zotpress-->\n\n<p><\/p>Bibliografia basada en els treballs de <b>Steve Long, 2006<\/b>. <a target=_blank href=https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Long-S.-2006-Bibliography-of-Opisthobranchia-1554-2000.pdf>Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000<\/a> i <b>Gary McDonald, 2009<\/b>. <a href=http:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/8115h0wz>Bibliographia Nudibranchia<\/a>, amb actualitzacions posteriors procedents d\u00b4altres fonts.<p><\/p><\/ul><p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cladobranchia \u00e9s un dels dos grans llinatges evolutius de Nudibranchia, juntament amb Doridina. Compr\u00e8n un grup extraordin\u00e0riament divers de llimacs marins, caracteritzat per una gran varietat de formes corporals i d\u2019estructures dorsals i laterals especialitzades. Cladobranchia presenta una notable diversitat morfol\u00f2gica. Moltes esp\u00e8cies posseeixen ap\u00e8ndixs dorsals especialitzats relacionats amb la respiraci\u00f3, la defensa, l\u2019alimentaci\u00f3 o les funcions sensorials. Els ae\u00f2lids es caracteritzen t\u00edpicament per nombrosos cerata distribu\u00efts per la superf\u00edcie\u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"continue-reading-button\"> <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/nudibranchia\/cladobranchia\/\">Continua llegint<i class=\"crycon-right-dir\"><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":31276,"parent":235,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-48603","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/48603","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=48603"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/48603\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":48627,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/48603\/revisions\/48627"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/235"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31276"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48603"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}