{"id":7565,"date":"2013-08-14T14:38:07","date_gmt":"2013-08-14T12:38:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/runcina-africana"},"modified":"2018-02-12T06:50:59","modified_gmt":"2018-02-12T05:50:59","slug":"runcina-africana","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/runcinoidea\/runcina-africana\/","title":{"rendered":"Runcina africana"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<h3><em>Runcina africana<\/em> (Pruvot-Fol, 1953)<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size:10pt;\" class=\"aligncenter\"><div id=\"featured-img-id\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/PICT4451bis-Rosesbis.jpg?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Runcina africana (Costa Brava) by Manuel Ballesteros\" \/><\/div><center><em>Runcina africana (Costa Brava) by Manuel Ballesteros<\/em> per Manuel Ballesteros<\/center><\/span><p><\/p><div class=\"opk-worms\"><h3>Informaci\u00f3 taxon\u00f2mica WoRMS<\/h3><div class=\"opk-success\">Nom acceptat actual: <strong><em>Runcina africana<\/em> Pruvot-Fol, 1953<\/strong><\/div><h4>Classificaci\u00f3 actual<\/h4><table class=\"widefat striped\"><tr><th>Superdomain<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1\">Biota<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Kingdom<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=2\">Animalia<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Phylum<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=51\">Mollusca<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Class<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=101\">Gastropoda<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Subclass<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=14712\">Heterobranchia<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Infraclass<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1057247\">Euthyneura<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Subterclass<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1057250\">Tectipleura<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Order<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1059014\">Runcinida<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Superfamily<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=411898\">Runcinoidea<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Family<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1751\">Runcinidae<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Genus<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138462\"><em>Runcina<\/em><\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Species<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=141406\"><em>Runcina africana<\/em> Pruvot-Fol, 1953<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/table><p class=\"footer\">Classificaci\u00f3 proporcionada pel World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). [<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=141406\">141406<\/a>]<\/p><\/div><strong>Descripci\u00f3<\/strong><br \/>\nEls exemplars solen mesurar entre 3 i 3,5 mm de longitud. El color general del cos \u00e9s marr\u00f3 molt fosc, gaireb\u00e9 negre, en el qual destaquen dues l\u00ednies irregulars blanc-cremoses que travessen transversalment la regi\u00f3 anterior i posterior del dors, la primera delimitant anteriorment el cap. En aquest es poden distingir dos petits i arrodonits l\u00f2buls cef\u00e0lics en la seva vora anterior. Els exemplars m\u00e9s grans poden presentar nombroses petites puntuacions blanques disperses pel dors. Aquest \u00e9s lleugerament m\u00e9s ample que el peu, per\u00f2 per davant i a l&#8217;altura del cap sobresurten dos petits l\u00f2buls pedals. Al dors del cap hi ha dues taques clares ovalades on es poden apreciar els ulls. En vista lateral es poden apreciar unes lleugeres irisacions fosques en la vora lateral del mantell i al peu. En vista ventral, el peu \u00e9s de color marr\u00f3 negr\u00f3s homogeni, una mica m\u00e9s clar que el dors, encara les vores laterals del peu s\u00f3n una mica m\u00e9s clares que la resta del peu; tamb\u00e9 pot presentar una coloraci\u00f3 lleugerament ataronjada al centre. La cua \u00e9s curta i ampla i t\u00e9 un color de fons blanc-crem\u00f3s per\u00f2 est\u00e0 pigmentada dorsalment per grans taques irregulars. Entre la regi\u00f3 posterior del dors i la cua sobresurten 3 fulles branquials superposades i molt apretades del mateix color que el cos, la fulla central \u00e9s la m\u00e9s gran i disposa d&#8217;unes 4 laminetes curtes.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Biologia<\/strong><br \/>\nD&#8217;aquesta esp\u00e8cie hi ha molt poques dades de la seva pres\u00e8ncia, per la qual cosa es coneix molt poc de la seva biologia. Com en altres esp\u00e8cies del mateix g\u00e8nere i per la seva petita grand\u00e0ria, \u00e9s molt cr\u00edptica sobre el substrat i nom\u00e9s sol apar\u00e8ixer quan es recullen algues del infralitoral i s&#8217;estudien al laboratori. Aix\u00ed s&#8217;ha citat entre algues coralin\u00e0cies i <em>Jania rubens<\/em> (Cervera et al. 1991) i entre algues com <em>Codium vermilara, Halopteris<\/em> sp., algues rodof\u00edcies de tal\u00b7lus tou i algues calc\u00e0ries (Correa, 2012).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Etimologia<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Runcina. <\/em>Del Llat\u00ed \u201cruncina\u201d, ribot de\u00a0fuster, \u00fatil que es fa servir per allisar la superficie de la fusta.<\/li>\n<li><em>Africana<\/em>, d&#8217;\u00c1frica, origen dels exemplars tipus de l&#8217;esp\u00e8cie, recol\u00b7lectats a la costa atl\u00e0ntica del Marroc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Distribuci\u00f3<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Runcina africana<\/em> va ser descrita per Pruvot-Fol el 1953 basant-se exemplars capturats a la zona intermareal de Temara, a la costa atl\u00e0ntica del Marroc (Pruvot-Fol 1953). Des de llavors nom\u00e9s ha estat recollida a la localitat de Punta Carnero, a la zona intermareal de l&#8217;Estret de Gibraltar (Cervera et al. 1991), a Can\u00e0ries (Ortea &amp; Moro, 1999) i, m\u00e9s recentment, Schmekel &amp; Capellato (2002) l&#8217;han recollit a Banyuls sur Mer (Costa Brava francesa). A les costes catalanes ha estat observada al litoral del Cap de Creus, Cala Margarida (Palam\u00f3s) i Blanes.<br \/>\n<div id=\"flxmap-6a69d7e63331e\" class='flxmap-container' data-flxmap='flxmap_6a69d7e63331e' style=\"width:100%;height:400px;\"><\/div>\n<script data-noptimize=\"1\">\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/\n(function(w, fn) {\n if (w.addEventListener) w.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", fn, false);\n else if (w.attachEvent) w.attachEvent(\"onload\", fn);\n})(window, function() {\n var f = new FlexibleMap();\n f.panControl = true;\n f.mapTypeId = \"satellite\";\n f.setlocale(\"ca-ES\");\n f.kmlcache = \"5 minutes\";\n f.showKML(\"flxmap-6a69d7e63331e\", \"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/7565.kmz\");\n window.flxmap_6a69d7e63331e = f;\n});\n\/* ]]> *\/\n<\/script>\n<div style=\"width:100%;text-align:center;margin:12px 0 4px 0;\">\n  <div style=\"font-size:8pt;margin-bottom:6px;\">Cites georeferenciades conegudes de l'esp\u00e8cie: <em>Runcina africana<\/em><\/div>\n  <table style=\"margin:0 auto;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:8pt;\">\n    <tr><td colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:left;padding-bottom:4px;\"><strong>Fonts:<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td style=\"vertical-align:top;padding-right:40px;\">\n        <table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n<tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/wht-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>OBIS<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/ylw-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>GROC 2010-2011<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/grn-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Enric Madrenas<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/orange-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Jo\u00e3o Pedro Silva<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/pink-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Bernard Picton<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/blk-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>GBIF<\/td><\/tr>        <\/table>\n      <\/td>\n      <td style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\n        <table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n<tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/purple-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>OPK<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/red-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>VIMAR<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/blu-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Manuel Ballesteros<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/cyan-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>M@re Nostrum<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/grey-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Altres fonts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/marreg.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Marine Regions<\/td><\/tr>        <\/table>\n      <\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>Error:<\/strong> Chart.js no est\u00e1 disponible.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Altres fotos<\/strong><br \/>\n<div class=\"tiled-gallery type-rectangular tiled-gallery-unresized\" data-original-width=\"900\" data-carousel-extra='{&quot;blog_id&quot;:1,&quot;permalink&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/opistobranquis.info\\\/ca\\\/guia\\\/runcinoidea\\\/runcina-africana\\\/&quot;,&quot;likes_blog_id&quot;:44192421}' itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\" > <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 900px; height: 557px;\" 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data-original-width=\"896\" data-original-height=\"553\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Runcina africana (Costa Brava) by Manuel Ballesteros\" alt=\"Runcina africana (Costa Brava) by Manuel Ballesteros\" style=\"width: 896px; height: 553px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Runcina africana (Costa Brava) by Manuel Ballesteros <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <\/div><\/p>\n<p><p><strong>Bibliografia<\/strong><\/p><ul><div id=\"zotpress-2312c4ab309abad4df5719ff75b55605\" class=\"zp-Zotpress zp-Zotpress-Bib wp-block-group\">\n\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_API_USER_ID ZP_ATTR\">1246567<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ITEM_KEY ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_COLLECTION_ID ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TAG_ID ZP_ATTR\">Runcina africana<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_AUTHOR ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_YEAR ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_ITEMTYPE 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The genus Runcina Forbes & Hanley, 1851 (Opisthobranchia, Cephalaspidea) in the Strait of Gibraltar, with de description of a new species from the Bay of Algeciras. <i>Journal of Molluscan Studies<\/i>, <i>57<\/i>, 199-208.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7565-1246567-HM8AG4CQ\" data-zp-author-date='Cervera-et-al.-2004' data-zp-date-author='2004-Cervera-et-al.' data-zp-date='2004' data-zp-year='2004' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Cervera, J. L., Calado, G., Gavaia, C., Malaqu\u00edas, M. A. E., Templado, J., Ballesteros, M., Garc\u00eda-G\u00f3mez, J. C., Megina, C. (2004). An annotated and updated checklist of the opisthobranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Spain and Portugal (including islands and archipelagos). <i>Bolet\u00edn Instituto Espa\u00f1ol de Oceanograf\u00eda<\/i>, <i>20<\/i>(1-4), 1-111.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7565-1246567-ZN6FEASS\" data-zp-author-date='Correa-et-al.-2015' data-zp-date-author='2015-Correa-et-al.' data-zp-date='2015' data-zp-year='2015' data-zp-itemtype='presentation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Correa, M., Madrenas, E., Riesgo, A., Ballesteros, M. (2015). First molecular approach to the study of Mediterranean Runcina Forbes [in Forbes & Hanley], 1851 (Heterobranchia: Runcinacea).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7565-1246567-3VWGKIQP\" data-zp-author-date='Long-2006' data-zp-date-author='2006-Long' data-zp-date='2006' data-zp-year='2006' data-zp-itemtype='book' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Long, S. J. (2006). <i>Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000. Bayside Books & Press, Tustin, CA, U.S.A. 672p.<\/i><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7565-1246567-4KX5EJQR\" data-zp-author-date='Malaquias-et-al.-2009' data-zp-date-author='2009-Malaquias-et-al.' data-zp-date='2009' data-zp-year='2009' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Malaquias, M., Calado, G., Padula, V., Villani, G., Cervera, J. L. (2009). Molluscan diversity in the North Atlantic Ocean: new records of opisthobranch gastropods from the Archipelago of the Azores. <i>Marine Biodiversity<\/i>, <i>2<\/i>, e38.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7565-1246567-ZVJH6JKK\" data-zp-author-date='Malaquias-et-al.-2009' data-zp-date-author='2009-Malaquias-et-al.' data-zp-date='2009' data-zp-year='2009' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Malaquias, M. A. E., Mackenzie-Dodds, J., Bouchet, P., Gosliner, T. M., Reid, D. G. (2009). A molecular phylogeny of the Cephalaspidea sensu lato (Gastropoda: Euthyneura): Architectibranchia redefined and Runcinacea reinstated. <i>Zoologica Scripta 38(1): 23-41<\/i>. <a class=&#039;zp-DOIURL&#039; target=&#039;_blank&#039; href=&#039;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1463-6409.2008.00354.x&#039;>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1463-6409.2008.00354.x<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7565-1246567-5MFDPG8V\" data-zp-author-date='McDonald-2009' data-zp-date-author='2009-McDonald' data-zp-date='2009' data-zp-year='2009' data-zp-itemtype='webpage' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">McDonald, G. (2009). Bibliographia Nudibranchia. 2nd Online Edition, Annotated. 1072 pp\u00a0 Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz. Disponible en: <a class=&#039;zp-ItemURL&#039; target=&#039;_blank&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/8115h0wz&#039;>http:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/8115h0wz<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7565-1246567-LM4I8WZ4\" data-zp-author-date='Moro-et-al.-2017' data-zp-date-author='2017-Moro-et-al.' data-zp-date='2017' data-zp-year='2017' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Moro, L., Oca\u00f1a, O., Bacallado, J. J., Mart\u00edn, J., Ortea, J. (2017). Nota sobre tres babosas marinas (Nudibranchia y Sacoglossa) colectadas en las costas atl\u00e1nticas de \u00c1frica (Cabo Espartel, Agadir y Dakhla), con un listado de especies acompa\u00f1antes. <i>Vieraea 45: 205-214<\/i>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7565-1246567-859T5XXN\" data-zp-author-date='Moro-et-al.-2010' data-zp-date-author='2010-Moro-et-al.' data-zp-date='2010' data-zp-year='2010' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Moro, L., Bacallado, J. J., Ortea, J. A. (2010). Babosas marinas de las islas Canarias. <i>Actas VI Semana Cient\u00edfica Telesforo Bravo, Instituto de Estudios Hisp\u00e1nicos de Canarias<\/i>. <a class=&#039;zp-DOIURL&#039; target=&#039;_blank&#039; href=&#039;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/RG.2.1.1168.2009&#039;>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/RG.2.1.1168.2009<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7565-1246567-DJ3USB54\" data-zp-author-date='Moro-et-al.-2003' data-zp-date-author='2003-Moro-et-al.' data-zp-date='2003' data-zp-year='2003' data-zp-itemtype='book' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Moro, L., Mart\u00edn Esquivel, J. L., Garrido Sanahuja, M. J., Izquierdo Zamora, I. (2003). <i>Lista de especies marinas de Canarias (algas, hongos, plantas y animales)<\/i>. Consejer\u00eda de Pol\u00edtica Territorial y Medio Ambiente del Gobierno de Canarias.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7565-1246567-ZR49TB8F\" data-zp-author-date='Ortea-et-al.-2007' data-zp-date-author='2007-Ortea-et-al.' data-zp-date='2007' data-zp-year='2007' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Ortea, J., Moro, L., Espinosa, J. (2007). Descripci\u00f3n de dos especies nuevas del g\u00e9nero Runcina Forbes y Hanley, 1853 (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia: Cephalaspidea) de la isla de Cuba. <i>Revista de la Academia Canaria de Ciencias, 18(3-4): 27-32<\/i>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7565-1246567-5UVIDCZV\" data-zp-author-date='Oskars-et-al.-2015' data-zp-date-author='2015-Oskars-et-al.' data-zp-date='2015' data-zp-year='2015' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Oskars, T. R., Bouchet, P., Malaquias, M. A. E. (2015). A new phylogeny of the Cephalaspidea (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia)based on expanded taxon sampling and gene markers. <i>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 89 (2015) 130\u2013150<\/i>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7565-1246567-CZZUG4YJ\" data-zp-author-date='Parera-et-al.-2020' data-zp-date-author='2020-Parera-et-al.' data-zp-date='2020' data-zp-year='2020' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Parera, A., Pontes, M., Salvador, X., Ballesteros, M. (2020). Sea slugs (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Heterobranchia): the other inhabitants of the city of Barcelona (Spain). <i>Butllet\u00ed de la Instituci\u00f3 Catalana d\u2019Hist\u00f2ria Natural<\/i>, <i>84<\/i>, 75-100.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7565-1246567-Y7HZLNFI\" data-zp-author-date='Pontes-et-al.-2021' data-zp-date-author='2021-Pontes-et-al.' data-zp-date='2021' data-zp-year='2021' data-zp-itemtype='book' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Pontes, M., Salvador, X., Parera, A., \u00c1lvarez, G., Ballesteros, M. (2021). <i>Biodiversity in anthropized marinas. The case of the Barcelona Forum bathing area (Spain)<\/i>. Instituci\u00f3 Catalana d\u2019Hist\u00f2ria Natural.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7565-1246567-XC7C77WS\" data-zp-author-date='Pruvot-Fol-1953' data-zp-date-author='1953-Pruvot-Fol' data-zp-date='1953' data-zp-year='1953' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Pruvot-Fol, A. (1953). Etude de quelques Opisthobranches de la c\u00f4te Atlantique du Maroc et du Senegal. <i>Travaux de l\u2019Institut Scientifique Ch\u00e9rifien 5: 1-105<\/i>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7565-1246567-TSEAHT4Z\" data-zp-author-date='Schmekel-and-Cappellato-2002' data-zp-date-author='2002-Schmekel-and-Cappellato' data-zp-date='2002' data-zp-year='2002' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Schmekel, L., Cappellato, D. (2002). Contributions to the Runcinidae. II. Three new species and comparative studies on five established species of Runcina (Opisthobranchia Cephalaspidea) in the Mediterranean. <i>Vie et Milieu 52 (2-3): 86-102<\/i>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7565-1246567-X4ZW6P89\" data-zp-author-date='Templado-and-Villanueva-2010' data-zp-date-author='2010-Templado-and-Villanueva' data-zp-date='2010' data-zp-year='2010' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Templado, J., Villanueva, R. (2010). Checklist of Phylum Mollusca. pp. 148-198 In Coll, M., et al., 2010. The biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea: estimates, patterns, and threats. <i>PLoS ONE 5(8):36pp.<\/i><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7565-1246567-7EGYZ8LE\" data-zp-author-date='WoRMS-Editorial-Board-2026' data-zp-date-author='2026-WoRMS-Editorial-Board' data-zp-date='2026' data-zp-year='2026' data-zp-itemtype='webpage' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">WoRMS Editorial Board. (2026). World Register of Marine Species. <i>WoRMS<\/i>. Disponible en: <a class=&#039;zp-ItemURL&#039; target=&#039;_blank&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/www.marinespecies.org&#039;>http:\/\/www.marinespecies.org<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-zp-SEO-Content -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-List -->\n\t<\/div><!--.zp-Zotpress-->\n\n<p><\/p>Bibliografia basada en els treballs de <b>Steve Long, 2006<\/b>. <a target=_blank href=https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Long-S.-2006-Bibliography-of-Opisthobranchia-1554-2000.pdf>Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000<\/a> i <b>Gary McDonald, 2009<\/b>. <a href=http:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/8115h0wz>Bibliographia Nudibranchia<\/a>, amb actualitzacions posteriors procedents d\u00b4altres fonts.<p><\/p><\/ul><p><\/p><p><strong>M\u00e9s informaci\u00f3<\/strong><\/p><span style=\"font-size:10pt\"><ul><ul class=\"blogroll-links\"><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/name\/Runcina%20africana\">Biodiversity Heritage Library<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/search\/?text=Runcina%20africana\">Flickr pictures<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.irmng.org\/aphia.php?p=taxlist&#038;tName=Runcina%20africana\">Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/Taxonomy\/Browser\/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&#038;name=Runcina%20africana&#038;lvl=0&#038;srchmode=1\">NCBI GenBank<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/iobis.org\/mapper\/?taxon=Runcina%20africana\">OBIS - Search by Taxon<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&#038;id=141406\">World Register of Marine Species<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/ul><\/span><p><strong>Citeu aquest article com: <\/strong><\/p><div style=\"display: block; background: #444444; padding: 10px 30px 10px 10px; border-radius: 5px; line-height: 18px;\"><p class=\"citacio\"><b>Ballesteros, M., Madrenas, E. &#38; Pontes, M.<\/b> (2025) <em>\"Runcina africana\"<\/em> a <em>OPK-Opistobranquis<\/em>. Publicat: 14\/08\/2013. Accedit: 29\/07\/2026. Disponible a (<a href=https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/?p=7565>https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/?p=7565<\/a>)<\/p><p><\/p><\/div><p><\/p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Runcina africana (Pruvot-Fol, 1953) Descripci\u00f3 Els exemplars solen mesurar entre 3 i 3,5 mm de longitud. El color general del cos \u00e9s marr\u00f3 molt fosc, gaireb\u00e9 negre, en el qual destaquen dues l\u00ednies irregulars blanc-cremoses que travessen transversalment la regi\u00f3 anterior i posterior del dors, la primera delimitant anteriorment el cap. En aquest es poden distingir dos petits i arrodonits l\u00f2buls cef\u00e0lics en la seva vora anterior. Els exemplars m\u00e9s\u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"continue-reading-button\"> <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/runcinoidea\/runcina-africana\/\">Continua llegint<i class=\"crycon-right-dir\"><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":291,"featured_media":12683,"parent":7365,"menu_order":2116,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7565","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7565","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/291"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7565"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7565\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25230,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7565\/revisions\/25230"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7365"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12683"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7565"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}