{"id":7700,"date":"2013-08-29T11:28:14","date_gmt":"2013-08-29T09:28:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/euctenidiacea"},"modified":"2026-09-04T00:03:09","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T22:03:09","slug":"doridina","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/","title":{"rendered":"Doridina"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Doridina \u00e9s un dels dos grans llinatges evolutius dels Nudibranchia, juntament amb Cladobranchia. Compr\u00e8n els nudibranquis doridacis, un grup molt divers de llimacs marins caracteritzat per un pla corporal compacte i per la pres\u00e8ncia d\u2019un plomall de br\u00e0nquies secund\u00e0ries disposat al voltant de l\u2019anus. Els membres del grup s\u00f3n coneguts habitualment com a d\u00f2rids o doridacis.<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"text-token-text-primary cursor-text rounded-sm\" data-placeholder-token=\"true\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt;\" class=\"aligncenter\"><div id=\"featured-img-id\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/peltodoris-atromaculata-19.jpg?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Peltodoris atromaculata @ Costa Brava, Spain by Enric Madrenas\" \/><\/div><center><em>Peltodoris atromaculata @ Costa Brava, Spain by Enric Madrenas<\/em> per Enric Madrenas<\/center><\/span><p><\/p><\/span><\/h5>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Els d\u00f2rids presenten generalment un cos ovalat, allargat o aplanat dorsoventralment, amb el notum dorsal ben diferenciat dels costats del cos. Els rin\u00f2fors poden ser contr\u00e0ctils i, en moltes esp\u00e8cies, retraure\u2019s completament dins de cavitats rinof\u00f2riques especialitzades. La superf\u00edcie dorsal pot ser llisa o presentar tubercles de formes diverses, incloent-hi estructures arrodonides, c\u00f2niques o digitiformes. En alguns g\u00e8neres, com <em>Jorunna<\/em>, <em>Taringa<\/em> i <em>Rostanga<\/em>, els tubercles contenen esp\u00edcules consp\u00edcues que sobresurten pels seus marges i formen les estructures conegudes com a cari\u00f2fil\u00b7lidis (<em>caryophyllidia<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">El plomall branquial se situa a la regi\u00f3 posterior de la superf\u00edcie dorsal i envolta l\u2019obertura anal. Les br\u00e0nquies poden estar formades per fulles simples o ramificades i poden romandre permanentment exposades o retraure\u2019s dins d\u2019una cavitat branquial especialitzada. Tradicionalment, els d\u00f2rids amb les br\u00e0nquies exposades es denominaven fanerobranquis (<em>phanerobranchs<\/em>), mentre que aquells capa\u00e7os de retraure-les dins d\u2019una cavitat branquial es denominaven criptobranquis (<em>cryptobranchs<\/em>). Tanmateix, els estudis anat\u00f2mics i del desenvolupament han demostrat que aquesta distinci\u00f3 no representa una seq\u00fc\u00e8ncia evolutiva simple i que l\u2019evoluci\u00f3 de la cavitat branquial \u00e9s m\u00e9s complexa del que es considerava anteriorment.<\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">La gl\u00e0ndula digestiva dels d\u00f2rids \u00e9s compacta i est\u00e0 formada per un nombre variable de l\u00f2buls. El grup presenta una considerable diversitat en l\u2019ornamentaci\u00f3 corporal, la coloraci\u00f3, les estructures aliment\u00e0ries, l\u2019anatomia reproductora i els mecanismes de defensa qu\u00edmica.<\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Els d\u00f2rids s\u00f3n predominantment carn\u00edvors i moltes esp\u00e8cies presenten un elevat grau d\u2019especialitzaci\u00f3 aliment\u00e0ria. Les esponges constitueixen l\u2019aliment principal de nombrosos llinatges, mentre que altres esp\u00e8cies s\u2019alimenten de briozous, asc\u00eddies, cnidaris o altres invertebrats marins s\u00e8ssils. Aquestes relacions aliment\u00e0ries especialitzades poden estar associades amb l\u2019adquisici\u00f3, modificaci\u00f3 o s\u00edntesi de compostos qu\u00edmics defensius.<\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">La classificaci\u00f3 tradicional de Doridina reconeix dos grans infraordres: Bathydoridoidei i Doridoidei. Bathydoridoidei compr\u00e8n un petit llinatge de d\u00f2rids predominantment associat a ambients profunds, mentre que Doridoidei concentra la major part de la diversitat del grup i inclou nombrosos llinatges d\u2019aig\u00fces somes. Dins de Doridoidei, la classificaci\u00f3 de Bouchet <em>et al.<\/em> (2017) reconeix les superfam\u00edlies Chromodoridoidea, Doridoidea, Onchidoridoidea, Phyllidioidea i Polyceroidea, juntament amb alguns t\u00e0xons sense assignaci\u00f3 a una superfam\u00edlia.<\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">La delimitaci\u00f3 taxon\u00f2mica de Doridina ha estat objecte de debat recent. Korshunova <em>et al.<\/em> (2025) van proposar separar aquest llinatge i recon\u00e8ixer-lo com l\u2019ordre Doridida. Posteriorment, Moles <em>et al.<\/em> (2026) van defensar la conservaci\u00f3 de la classificaci\u00f3 tradicional i el manteniment de Doridina dins de Nudibranchia. En aquest tractament se segueix aquesta darrera interpretaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Doridina presenta una notable diversitat morfol\u00f2gica i ecol\u00f2gica. Les esp\u00e8cies van des de formes relativament llises i de coloraci\u00f3 cr\u00edptica fins a animals molt ornamentats, amb tubercles, crestes, ap\u00e8ndixs i patrons de coloraci\u00f3 conspicus. El grup ocupa principalment ambients bent\u00f2nics i inclou tant esp\u00e8cies d\u2019aig\u00fces somes associades a fons rocosos i comunitats bent\u00f2niques com llinatges especialitzats d\u2019aig\u00fces profundes.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019especialitzaci\u00f3 aliment\u00e0ria, la diversitat morfol\u00f2gica i els diversos mecanismes de defensa qu\u00edmica dels d\u00f2rids han tingut un paper important en la seva diversificaci\u00f3 i constitueixen \u00e0mbits destacats de recerca en anatomia comparada, ecologia qu\u00edmica, desenvolupament i evoluci\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>La classificaci\u00f3 sistem\u00e0tica de Doridina presentada a continuaci\u00f3 es basa en Bouchet et al. (2017) i en el seu tractament al World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), tenint en compte les revisions sistem\u00e0tiques posteriors:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Doridina<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bathydoridoidei\n<ul>\n<li>Bathydoridoidea Bergh, 1891\n<ul>\n<li>Bathydorididae Bergh, 1891\n<ul>\n<li><em>Bathydoris<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1884<\/li>\n<li><em>Prodoris<\/em>\u00a0Baranetz &amp; Minichev, 1995<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Doridoidei\n<ul>\n<li>Chromodoridoidea Bergh, 1891\n<ul>\n<li>Actinocyclidae O&#8217;Donoghue, 1929\n<ul>\n<li><em>Actinocyclus<\/em>\u00a0Ehrenberg, 1831<\/li>\n<li><em>Hallaxa<\/em>\u00a0Eliot, 1909<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Cadlinellidae Odhner, 1934\n<ul>\n<li><em>Cadlinella<\/em>\u00a0Thiele, 1931<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Cadlinidae Bergh, 1891\n<ul>\n<li><em>Aldisa<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1878<\/li>\n<li><em>Cadlina<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1879<\/li>\n<li><em>Inuda<\/em>\u00a0Ev. Marcus &amp; Er. Marcus, 1967<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Chromodorididae Bergh, 1891\n<ul>\n<li>Chromodoridinae Bergh, 1891\n<ul>\n<li><em>Ardeadoris<\/em>\u00a0Rudman, 1984<\/li>\n<li><em>Chromodoris<\/em>\u00a0Alder &amp; Hancock, 1855<\/li>\n<li><em>Chromolaichma<\/em>\u00a0Bertsch, 1977<\/li>\n<li><em>Diversidoris<\/em>\u00a0Rudman, 1987<\/li>\n<li><em>Doriprismatica<\/em>\u00a0A. d&#8217;Orbigny, 1839<\/li>\n<li><em>Felimida<\/em>\u00a0Ev. Marcus, 1971<\/li>\n<li><em>Glossodoris<\/em>\u00a0Ehrenberg, 1831<\/li>\n<li><em>Goniobranchus<\/em>\u00a0Pease, 1866<\/li>\n<li><em>Tyrinna<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1898<\/li>\n<li><em>Verconia<\/em>\u00a0Pruvot-Fol, 1931<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Miamirinae Bergh, 1891\n<ul>\n<li><em>Ceratosoma<\/em>\u00a0Gray, 1850<\/li>\n<li><em>Felimare<\/em>\u00a0Ev. Marcus &amp; Er. Marcus, 1967<\/li>\n<li><em>Hypselodoris<\/em>\u00a0W. Stimpson, 1855<\/li>\n<li><em>Mexichromis<\/em>\u00a0Bertsch, 1977<\/li>\n<li><em>Miamira<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1874<\/li>\n<li><em>Thorunna<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1878<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Hexabranchidae Bergh, 1891\n<ul>\n<li><em>Hexabranchus<\/em>\u00a0Ehrenberg, 1828<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Showajidaiidae Korshunova, Fletcher, Picton, Lundin, Kashio, N. Sanamyan, K. Sanamyan, Padula, Schr\u00f6dl &amp; Martynov, 2020\n<ul>\n<li><em>Showajidaia<\/em>\u00a0Korshunova, Fletcher, Picton, Lundin, Kashio, N. Sanamyan, K. Sanamyan, Padula, Schr\u00f6dl &amp; Martynov, 2020<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Doridoidea Rafinesque, 1815\n<ul>\n<li>Discodorididae Bergh, 1891\n<ul>\n<li><em>Alloiodoris<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1904<\/li>\n<li><em>Aphelodoris<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1879<\/li>\n<li><em>Aporodoris<\/em>\u00a0Ihering, 1886<\/li>\n<li><em>Asteronotus<\/em>\u00a0Ehrenberg, 1831<\/li>\n<li><em>Atagema<\/em>\u00a0Gray, 1850<\/li>\n<li><em>Avaldesia<\/em>\u00a0Donohoo &amp; Gosliner, 2024<\/li>\n<li><em>Baptodoris<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1884<\/li>\n<li><em>Carminodoris<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1889<\/li>\n<li><em>Diaulula<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1878<\/li>\n<li><em>Dictyodoris<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1880<\/li>\n<li><em>Discodoris<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1877<\/li>\n<li><em>Gargamella<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1894<\/li>\n<li><em>Geitodoris<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1891<\/li>\n<li><em>Halgerda<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1880<\/li>\n<li><em>Hiatodoris<\/em>\u00a0Dayrat, 2010<\/li>\n<li><em>Hoplodoris<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1880<\/li>\n<li><em>Jorunna<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1876<\/li>\n<li><em>Nirva<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1905<\/li>\n<li><em>Nophodoris<\/em>\u00a0\u00c1. Vald\u00e9s &amp; Gosliner, 2001<\/li>\n<li><em>Otinodoris<\/em>\u00a0K. M. White, 1948<\/li>\n<li><em>Paradoris<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1884<\/li>\n<li><em>Peltodoris<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1880<\/li>\n<li><em>Peronodoris<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1904<\/li>\n<li><em>Platydoris<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1877<\/li>\n<li><em>Rostanga<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1879<\/li>\n<li><em>Sclerodoris<\/em>\u00a0Eliot, 1904<\/li>\n<li><em>Sebadoris<\/em>\u00a0Er. Marcus &amp; Ev. Marcus, 1960<\/li>\n<li><em>Taringa<\/em>\u00a0Er. Marcus, 1955<\/li>\n<li><em>Tayuva<\/em>\u00a0Ev. Marcus &amp; Er. Marcus, 1967<\/li>\n<li><em>Thordisa<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1877<\/li>\n<li><em>Thorybopus<\/em>\u00a0Bouchet, 1977<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Dorididae Rafinesque, 1815\n<ul>\n<li><em>Archidoris<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1878<\/li>\n<li><em>Artachaea<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1881<\/li>\n<li><em>Austrodoris<\/em>\u00a0Odhner, 1926<\/li>\n<li><em>Conualevia<\/em>\u00a0Collier &amp; Farmer, 1964<\/li>\n<li><em>Doriopsis<\/em>\u00a0Pease, 1860<\/li>\n<li><em>Doris<\/em>\u00a0Linnaeus, 1758<\/li>\n<li><em>Goslineria<\/em>\u00a0\u00c1. Vald\u00e9s, 2001<\/li>\n<li><em>Pharodoris<\/em>\u00a0\u00c1. Vald\u00e9s, 2001<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Onchidoridoidea Gray, 1827\n<ul>\n<li>Acanthodorididae P. Fischer, 1883\n<ul>\n<li><em>Acanthodoris<\/em>\u00a0J. E. Gray, 1850<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Acanthomiridae Martynov &amp; Korshunova, 2025<\/li>\n<li>Aegiridae P. Fischer, 1883\n<ul>\n<li><em>Aegires<\/em>\u00a0Lov\u00e9n, 1844<\/li>\n<li><em>Notodoris<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1875<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Akiodorididae Millen &amp; Martynov, 2005\n<ul>\n<li><em>Akiodoris<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1879<\/li>\n<li><em>Armodoris<\/em>\u00a0Minichev, 1972<\/li>\n<li><em>Doridunculus<\/em>\u00a0G. O. Sars, 1878<\/li>\n<li><em>Echinocorambe<\/em>\u00a0\u00c1. Vald\u00e9s &amp; Bouchet, 1998<\/li>\n<li><em>Prodoridunculus<\/em>\u00a0Thiele, 1912<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Calycidorididae Roginskaya, 1972\n<ul>\n<li><em>Calycidoris<\/em>\u00a0Abraham, 1876<\/li>\n<li><em>Diaphorodoris<\/em>\u00a0Iredale &amp; O&#8217;Donoghue, 1923<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Corambidae Bergh, 1871\n<ul>\n<li><em>Corambe<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1869<\/li>\n<li><em>Loy<\/em>\u00a0Martynov, 1994<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Goniodorididae H. Adams &amp; A. Adams, 1854\n<ul>\n<li>Anculinae Pruvot-Fol, 1954\n<ul>\n<li><em>Ancula<\/em>\u00a0Lov\u00e9n, 1846<\/li>\n<li><em>Trapania<\/em>\u00a0Pruvot-Fol, 1931<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Goniodoridinae H. Adams &amp; A. Adams, 1854\n<ul>\n<li><em>Bermudella<\/em>\u00a0Odhner, 1941<\/li>\n<li><em>Cargoa<\/em>\u00a0Vogel &amp; L. P. Schultz, 1970<\/li>\n<li><em>Ceratodoris<\/em>\u00a0J. E. Gray, 1850<\/li>\n<li><em>Goniodoridella<\/em>\u00a0Pruvot-Fol, 1933<\/li>\n<li><em>Lophodoris<\/em>\u00a0G. O. Sars, 1878<\/li>\n<li><em>Murphydoris<\/em>\u00a0Sigurdsson, 1991<\/li>\n<li><em>Naisdoris<\/em>\u00a0Paz-Sedano, Moles, Smirnoff, Gosliner &amp; Pola, 2024<\/li>\n<li><em>Okenia<\/em>\u00a0Menke, 1830<\/li>\n<li><em>Pelagella<\/em>\u00a0J. E. Gray, 1850<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><em>Spahria<\/em>\u00a0Risbec, 1928<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Onchidorididae J. E. Gray, 1827\n<ul>\n<li><em>Acanthomira<\/em>\u00a0Ekimova, Nikitenko, Stanovova, Schepetov, Antokhina &amp; \u00c1. Vald\u00e9s, 2024<\/li>\n<li><em>Adalaria<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1878<\/li>\n<li><em>Arctadalaria<\/em>\u00a0Roginskaya, 1971<\/li>\n<li><em>Atalodoris<\/em>\u00a0Iredale &amp; O&#8217;Donoghue, 1923<\/li>\n<li><em>Idaliadoris<\/em>\u00a0Furfaro &amp; Trainito, 2022<\/li>\n<li><em>Onchidoris<\/em>\u00a0Blainville, 1816<\/li>\n<li><em>Onchimira<\/em>\u00a0Martynov, Korshunova, N. Sanamyan &amp; K. Sanamyan, 2009<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Phyllidioidea Rafinesque, 1814\n<ul>\n<li>Dendrodorididae O&#8217;Donoghue, 1924 (1864)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Dendrodoris<\/em>\u00a0Ehrenberg, 1831<\/li>\n<li><em>Doriopsilla<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1880<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Forjacellidae Ortea &amp; Moro, 2023\n<ul>\n<li><em>Forjacella<\/em>\u00a0Ortea &amp; Moro, 2023<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Mandeliidae \u00c1. Vald\u00e9s &amp; Gosliner, 1999\n<ul>\n<li><em>Mandelia<\/em>\u00a0\u00c1. Vald\u00e9s &amp; Gosliner, 1999<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Phyllidiidae Rafinesque, 1814\n<ul>\n<li><em>Ceratophyllidia<\/em>\u00a0Eliot, 1903<\/li>\n<li><em>Phyllidia<\/em>\u00a0Cuvier, 1797<\/li>\n<li><em>Phyllidiella<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1869<\/li>\n<li><em>Phyllidiopsis<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1876<\/li>\n<li><em>Reticulidia<\/em>\u00a0Brunckhorst, 1990<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Polyceroidea Alder &amp; Hancock, 1845\n<ul>\n<li>Polyceridae Alder &amp; Hancock, 1845\n<ul>\n<li>Kalinginae Pruvot-Fol, 1956\n<ul>\n<li><em>Kalinga<\/em>\u00a0Alder &amp; Hancock, 1864<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Kankelibranchinae Ortea, Espinosa &amp; Caballer, 2005\n<ul>\n<li><em>Kankelibranchus<\/em>\u00a0Ortea, Espinosa &amp; Caballer, 2005<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Nembrothinae Burn, 1967\n<ul>\n<li><em>Martadoris<\/em>\u00a0Willan &amp; Y.-W. Chang, 2017<\/li>\n<li><em>Nembrotha<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1877<\/li>\n<li><em>Roboastra<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1877<\/li>\n<li><em>Tambja<\/em>\u00a0Burn, 1962<\/li>\n<li><em>Tyrannodoris<\/em>\u00a0Willan &amp; Y.-W. Chang, 2017<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Okadaiinae Baba, 1930\n<ul>\n<li><em>Vayssierea<\/em>\u00a0Risbec, 1928<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Polycerinae Alder &amp; Hancock, 1845\n<ul>\n<li><em>Gymnodoris<\/em>\u00a0W. Stimpson, 1855<\/li>\n<li><em>Lamellana<\/em>\u00a0G.-Y. Lin, 1992<\/li>\n<li><em>Lecithophorus<\/em>\u00a0Macnae, 1958<\/li>\n<li><em>Palio<\/em>\u00a0Gray, 1857<\/li>\n<li><em>Paliolla<\/em>\u00a0Burn, 1958<\/li>\n<li><em>Paliota<\/em>\u00a0Pola, Miguel-Gonz\u00e1lez &amp; Paz-Sedano, 2023<\/li>\n<li><em>Polycera<\/em>\u00a0Cuvier, 1816<\/li>\n<li><em>Polycerella<\/em>\u00a0A. E. Verrill, 1880<\/li>\n<li><em>Thecacera<\/em>\u00a0J. Fleming, 1828<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Triophinae Odhner, 1941\n<ul>\n<li><em>Colga<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1880<\/li>\n<li><em>Crimora<\/em>\u00a0Alder &amp; Hancock, 1862<\/li>\n<li><em>Holoplocamus<\/em>\u00a0Odhner, 1926<\/li>\n<li><em>Joubiniopsis<\/em>\u00a0Risbec, 1928<\/li>\n<li><em>Kaloplocamus<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1880<\/li>\n<li><em>Limacia<\/em>\u00a0O. F. M\u00fcller, 1781<\/li>\n<li><em>Plocamopherus<\/em>\u00a0R\u00fcppell &amp; Leuckart, 1828<\/li>\n<li><em>Triopha<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1880<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Grups principals de Doridina<strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\r\n    <div\r\n        class=\"autonav-grid autonav-columns-3\"\r\n    >\r\n\r\n        \r\n            \r\n            <article class=\"autonav-card\">\r\n\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/doridoidei\/\">\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                        <div class=\"autonav-image\">\r\n\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"650\" height=\"439\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/hypselodoris-picta-10.jpg?fit=650%2C439&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"autonav-thumb\" alt=\"Felimare picta\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/hypselodoris-picta-10.jpg?w=650&amp;ssl=1 650w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/hypselodoris-picta-10.jpg?resize=300%2C202&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" data-attachment-id=\"4616\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/doridoidei\/chromodoridoidea\/felimare-picta\/hypselodoris-picta-10\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/hypselodoris-picta-10.jpg?fit=650%2C439&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"650,439\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-title=\"Felimare picta\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Felimare picta&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Felimare picta&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/hypselodoris-picta-10.jpg?fit=650%2C439&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                    <div class=\"autonav-content\">\r\n\r\n                        <h3>\r\n                            Doridoidei                        <\/h3>\r\n\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <\/a>\r\n\r\n            <\/article>\r\n\r\n        \r\n            \r\n            <article class=\"autonav-card\">\r\n\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/bathydoridoidei\/\">\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                        <div class=\"autonav-image\">\r\n\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"298\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/Bathydoris_aioca_500.jpg?fit=500%2C298&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"autonav-thumb\" alt=\"Bathydoris aioca\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/Bathydoris_aioca_500.jpg?w=500&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/Bathydoris_aioca_500.jpg?resize=150%2C89&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/Bathydoris_aioca_500.jpg?resize=300%2C178&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" data-attachment-id=\"10211\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/bathydoridoidei\/bathydoris_aioca_500\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/Bathydoris_aioca_500.jpg?fit=500%2C298&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"500,298\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-title=\"Bathydoris aioca\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Bathydoris aioca&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Bathydoris aioca&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/Bathydoris_aioca_500.jpg?fit=500%2C298&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                    <div class=\"autonav-content\">\r\n\r\n                        <h3>\r\n                            Bathydoridoidei                        <\/h3>\r\n\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <\/a>\r\n\r\n            <\/article>\r\n\r\n        \r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    \n<p><p><strong>Bibliografia<\/strong><\/p><ul><div id=\"zotpress-898d1df1048031db7a64e7d9840eea46\" class=\"zp-Zotpress zp-Zotpress-Bib wp-block-group\">\n\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_API_USER_ID ZP_ATTR\">1246567<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ITEM_KEY ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_COLLECTION_ID ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TAG_ID ZP_ATTR\">Doridina<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_AUTHOR ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_YEAR ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_ITEMTYPE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_INCLUSIVE ZP_ATTR\">1<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_STYLE ZP_ATTR\">eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_LIMIT ZP_ATTR\">50<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SORTBY ZP_ATTR\">creator<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ORDER ZP_ATTR\">asc<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TITLE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SHOWIMAGE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SHOWTAGS ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_DOWNLOADABLE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_NOTES ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ABSTRACT ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_CITEABLE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TARGET ZP_ATTR\">1<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_URLWRAP ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_FORCENUM ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_HIGHLIGHT ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_POSTID ZP_ATTR\">7700<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZOTPRESS_PLUGIN_URL ZP_ATTR\">https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/plugins\/zotpress\/<\/span>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"zp-List loading\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"zp-SEO-Content\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ZP_CACHETIMER ZP_ATTR\"><\/span><span class=\"ZP_JSON 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id=\"zp-ID-7700-1246567-WR37PFVC\" data-zp-author-date='Bouchet-et-al.-2017' data-zp-date-author='2017-Bouchet-et-al.' data-zp-date='2017' data-zp-year='2017' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Bouchet, P., Rocroi, J. P., Hausdorf, B., Kaim, A., Kano, Y., N\u00fctzel, A., Parkhaev, P. et\u00a0al. (2017). Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. <i>Malacologia<\/i>, <i>61<\/i>(1-2), 1-526.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7700-1246567-7NCTC3QV\" data-zp-author-date='Korshunova-et-al.-2025' data-zp-date-author='2025-Korshunova-et-al.' data-zp-date='2025' data-zp-year='2025' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Korshunova, T., Fletcher, K., Martynov, A. (2025). The endless forms are the most differentiated\u2014how taxonomic pseudo-optimization masked natural diversity and evolution: the nudibranch case. <i>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society<\/i>, <i>204<\/i>(4), 1-93. <a class=&#039;zp-ItemURL&#039; target=&#039;_blank&#039; href=&#039;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlaf057&#039;>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlaf057<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7700-1246567-9VIPQGDN\" data-zp-author-date='Moles-et-al.-2026-09-01' data-zp-date-author='2026-09-01-Moles-et-al.' data-zp-date='2026-09-01' data-zp-year='2026' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Moles, J., Bonomo, L., Brenzinger, B., Camacho Garc\u00eda, Y. E., Carmona, L., Currado, J. L. C., Donohoo, S. et\u00a0al. (2026). Towards systematics-based guidelines for stable taxonomy: lessons from sea slugs. <i>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society<\/i>, <i>208<\/i>(1), zlag141. <a class=&#039;zp-ItemURL&#039; target=&#039;_blank&#039; href=&#039;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlag141&#039;>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlag141<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7700-1246567-2J2FGD4Z\" data-zp-author-date='W\u00e4gele-and-Willan-2000' data-zp-date-author='2000-W\u00e4gele-and-Willan' data-zp-date='2000' data-zp-year='2000' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">W\u00e4gele, H., Willan, R. C. (2000). Phylogeny of the Nudibranchia. <i>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society<\/i>, <i>130<\/i>(1), 83-181. <a class=&#039;zp-DOIURL&#039; target=&#039;_blank&#039; href=&#039;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1096-3642.2000.tb02196.x&#039;>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1096-3642.2000.tb02196.x<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-zp-SEO-Content -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-List -->\n\t<\/div><!--.zp-Zotpress-->\n\n<p><\/p>Bibliografia basada en els treballs de <b>Steve Long, 2006<\/b>. <a target=_blank href=https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Long-S.-2006-Bibliography-of-Opisthobranchia-1554-2000.pdf>Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000<\/a> i <b>Gary McDonald, 2009<\/b>. <a href=http:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/8115h0wz>Bibliographia Nudibranchia<\/a>, amb actualitzacions posteriors procedents d\u00b4altres fonts.<p><\/p><\/ul><p><\/p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Doridina \u00e9s un dels dos grans llinatges evolutius dels Nudibranchia, juntament amb Cladobranchia. Compr\u00e8n els nudibranquis doridacis, un grup molt divers de llimacs marins caracteritzat per un pla corporal compacte i per la pres\u00e8ncia d\u2019un plomall de br\u00e0nquies secund\u00e0ries disposat al voltant de l\u2019anus. Els membres del grup s\u00f3n coneguts habitualment com a d\u00f2rids o doridacis. Els d\u00f2rids presenten generalment un cos ovalat, allargat o aplanat dorsoventralment, amb el notum\u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"continue-reading-button\"> <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/\">Continua llegint<i class=\"crycon-right-dir\"><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":4750,"parent":235,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7700","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7700","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7700"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7700\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":48628,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7700\/revisions\/48628"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/235"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4750"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7700"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}