{"id":10724,"date":"2013-10-05T15:42:59","date_gmt":"2013-10-05T13:42:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/?page_id=10724"},"modified":"2025-10-01T11:50:45","modified_gmt":"2025-10-01T09:50:45","slug":"thecacera-pennigera","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/doridoidei\/polyceroidea\/thecacera-pennigera\/","title":{"rendered":"Thecacera pennigera"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<h3><em>Thecacera pennigera<\/em> (Montagu, 1815)<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size:10pt;\" class=\"aligncenter\"><div id=\"featured-img-id\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Thecacera-pennigera-Skerries-Portrush-Co-Antrim-Ireland.-Photograph-%C2%A9Bernard-Picton.jpg?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Thecacera pennigera Skerries, Portrush, Co Antrim, Ireland. - Photograph \u00a9Bernard Picton\" \/><\/div><center><em>Thecacera pennigera Skerries, Portrush, Co Antrim, Ireland<\/em> by Bernard Picton<\/center><\/span><p><\/p><div class=\"opk-worms\"><h3>WoRMS Taxonomic Information<\/h3><div class=\"opk-success\">Current accepted name: <strong><em>Thecacera pennigera<\/em> (Montagu, 1813)<\/strong><\/div><h4>Current classification<\/h4><table class=\"widefat striped\"><tr><th>Superdomain<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1\">Biota<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Kingdom<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=2\">Animalia<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Phylum<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=51\">Mollusca<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Class<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=101\">Gastropoda<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Subclass<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=14712\">Heterobranchia<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Infraclass<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1057247\">Euthyneura<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Subterclass<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1057249\">Ringipleura<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Superorder<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=411966\">Nudipleura<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Order<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1762\">Nudibranchia<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Suborder<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1052385\">Doridina<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Infraorder<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=246038\">Doridoidei<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Superfamily<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=412569\">Polyceroidea<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Family<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=177\">Polyceridae<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Subfamily<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=412574\">Polycerinae<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Genus<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138371\"><em>Thecacera<\/em><\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Species<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=140840\"><em>Thecacera pennigera<\/em> (Montagu, 1813)<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/table><p class=\"footer\">Classification provided by the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). [<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=140840\">140840<\/a>]<\/p><\/div><strong>Synonyms<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span id=\"aphia_ct_tu_527197\"><i>Doris pennigera<\/i> Montagu, 1815 (original)<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><span id=\"aphia_ct_tu_527199\"><i>Thecacera lamellata<\/i> Barnard, 1933<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span id=\"aphia_ct_tu_527198\"><i>Thecacera maculata<\/i> Eliot, 1905<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Description<br \/>\n<\/strong>This species can reach up to 30 mm in length. The body color is translucent white and it is completely\u00a0covered with small irregular patches of orange and yellow, sprayed with black dots of varying density. The black dots are smaller but appear\u00a0in greater numbers. Atlantic individuals differ from Pacific ones in color, density and size of the spots. Individuals occasionally appear with orange spots larger than normal. The anterior side\u00a0of the body is wider than the rear side, converging\u00a0into a thin and long foot with a\u00a0keel on each side. The head is short, blunt and wide, without digitations\u00a0or oral tentacles on its anterior\u00a0edge. The rhinophores are lamellate and have the same colour pattern as the rest of the body; they are surrounded by a flared sheath that does not cover them completely. The gill consists of 3-5 bipinnate or tripinnate leaves, not retractile, and\u00a0laid\u00a0in a horseshoe shape around the anal papilla. Gill is located in the middle of the dorsum, right ahead of two elongated protuberances,\u00a0coloured\u00a0similar to the rest of the body, that Picton &amp; Morrow (1994) considered glandular and of defensive mission. The foot has two propodial tentacles of sensory character, used for locating and orienting at short distances.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Biology<br \/>\n<\/strong>This nudibranch is very cryptic on the substrate, and has nocturnal\u00a0habits. It\u00a0can live from the intertidal down to 36 m (Swennen 1961; Willan &amp; Coleman, 1984). It is a highly specialized carnivorous species that feeds exclusively on certain species of colonial bryozoans such\u00a0as <em>Crisularia<\/em> (=<em>Bugula<\/em>) <em>plumularia<\/em>, <em>C. turrita<\/em>, <em>Bugula neritina<\/em>, <em>Bugulina<\/em> (=<em>Bugula<\/em>) <em>flabellata<\/em>, <em>B. turrita<\/em> and <em>B. stolinifera<\/em>\u00a0(McDonald &amp; Nybakken, 2009). It appears closely associated with these populations of bryozoans. Their narrow, white, ribbon-like\u00a0spawn are laid\u00a0on the bryozoans, and they\u00a0are often the best indicator of its presence (Willan &amp; Coleman 1984, Dekker 1986). Usually they are found in low densities among the bryozoans, until favorable environmental conditions trigger massive recruitment episodes with lots of new individuals.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Thecacera<\/em>. From Greek &#8220;theke&#8221; (\u03b8\u1f75\u03ba\u03b7), a receptacle, a scabbard or sheath + &#8220;k\u0113r\u00f3s&#8221; (\u03ba\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2), horn, for the shielded rhinophores.<\/li>\n<li><em>Pennigera<\/em>. From Latin &#8220;penna&#8221;, feather +\u200e &#8220;gerere&#8221;, bearing. Overall meaning is &#8220;feathered&#8221; or &#8220;winged&#8221;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Distribution<br \/>\n<\/strong>The distribution of this species, that prefers temperate climate but has a wide thermal tolerance, is cosmopolitan (Thompson, 1976). It can be found from the south and west of the British Isles, Ireland&#8217;s west coast, the west coast of Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, the macaronesic region (Wirtz, 1999), West Africa, South Africa, Brazil coasts, the eastern United States (from Massachusetts to Florida, possibly discontinuous), Pakistan, Japan, Korea, eastern and southern Australia and New Zealand (Willan 1976; Gosliner 1987; Picton and Morrow 1994; Valles et al, 2000). Willan (1976) suggested that the species has spread beyond its original range of distribution due to transport marine. One reason to assert this claim could be the fact that it feeds on colonial bryozoans, and these species are often part of the &#8220;fouling&#8221;, the epibiont fauna that can grow on the hull of ships. Several specimens of various world populations have been studied, and there have been found no significant morphological differences between samples from the different countries but the size and number of spots on the mantle (Jung et al., 2013). In the Iberian Peninsula it has been observed in the Cantabrian coast, in Portugal and in the Andalusian Atlantic coast. 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height: 409px;\" data-original-width=\"900\" data-original-height=\"409\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 613px; height: 409px;\" data-original-width=\"613\" data-original-height=\"409\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/doridoidei\/polyceroidea\/thecacera-pennigera\/thecacera_pennigera\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"609\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"405\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"10726\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Thecacera_pennigera.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"800,533\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Thecacera pennigera\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Thecacera pennigera&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Thecacera_pennigera.jpg?fit=300%2C199&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Thecacera_pennigera.jpg?fit=800%2C533&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Thecacera_pennigera.jpg?w=609&#038;h=405&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Thecacera_pennigera.jpg?w=800&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Thecacera_pennigera.jpg?resize=150%2C99&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Thecacera_pennigera.jpg?resize=300%2C199&amp;ssl=1 300w\" width=\"609\" height=\"405\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"609\" data-original-height=\"405\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Thecacera pennigera\" alt=\"Thecacera pennigera\" style=\"width: 609px; height: 405px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Thecacera pennigera <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-2\" style=\"width: 287px; height: 409px;\" data-original-width=\"287\" data-original-height=\"409\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/doridoidei\/polyceroidea\/thecacera-pennigera\/thecacera-pennigera-feeding-on-bugula-plumosa-sark-channel-isles-june-2010-photograph-bernard-picton\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"283\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"212\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"16345\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Thecacera-pennigera-Feeding-on-Bugula-plumosa-Sark-Channel-Isles-June-2010.-Photograph-\u00a9Bernard-Picton.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"800,600\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Thecacera pennigera Feeding on Bugula plumosa, Sark, Channel Isles, June 2010. &amp;#8211; Photograph \u00a9Bernard Picton\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Thecacera pennigera Feeding on Bugula plumosa, Sark, Channel Isles, June 2010. &amp;#8211; Photograph \u00a9Bernard Picton&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Thecacera-pennigera-Feeding-on-Bugula-plumosa-Sark-Channel-Isles-June-2010.-Photograph-%C2%A9Bernard-Picton.jpg?fit=300%2C225&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Thecacera-pennigera-Feeding-on-Bugula-plumosa-Sark-Channel-Isles-June-2010.-Photograph-%C2%A9Bernard-Picton.jpg?fit=800%2C600&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Thecacera-pennigera-Feeding-on-Bugula-plumosa-Sark-Channel-Isles-June-2010.-Photograph-%C2%A9Bernard-Picton.jpg?w=283&#038;h=212&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"283\" height=\"212\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"283\" data-original-height=\"212\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Thecacera pennigera Feeding on Bugula plumosa, Sark, Channel Isles, June 2010. - Photograph \u00a9Bernard Picton\" alt=\"Thecacera pennigera Feeding on Bugula plumosa, Sark, Channel Isles, June 2010. - Photograph \u00a9Bernard Picton\" style=\"width: 283px; height: 212px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Thecacera pennigera Feeding on Bugula plumosa, Sark, Channel Isles, June 2010. &#8211; Photograph \u00a9Bernard Picton <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/doridoidei\/polyceroidea\/thecacera-pennigera\/999905_08_2014-mpicc_160-thecacera-pennigera-by-cataldo-licchelli\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"283\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"189\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"16499\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/999905_08_2014-MPicc_160-Thecacera-pennigera-by-Cataldo-Licchelli.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"800,533\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Thecacera pennigera by Cataldo Licchelli\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Thecacera pennigera Observed at Mar Piccolo, Taranto, Puglia, Italia (23\/04\/2014 \u2013 05\/08\/2014) by Cataldo Licchelli&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/999905_08_2014-MPicc_160-Thecacera-pennigera-by-Cataldo-Licchelli.jpg?fit=300%2C199&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/999905_08_2014-MPicc_160-Thecacera-pennigera-by-Cataldo-Licchelli.jpg?fit=800%2C533&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/999905_08_2014-MPicc_160-Thecacera-pennigera-by-Cataldo-Licchelli.jpg?w=283&#038;h=189&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/999905_08_2014-MPicc_160-Thecacera-pennigera-by-Cataldo-Licchelli.jpg?w=800&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/999905_08_2014-MPicc_160-Thecacera-pennigera-by-Cataldo-Licchelli.jpg?resize=150%2C99&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/999905_08_2014-MPicc_160-Thecacera-pennigera-by-Cataldo-Licchelli.jpg?resize=300%2C199&amp;ssl=1 300w\" width=\"283\" height=\"189\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"283\" data-original-height=\"189\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Thecacera pennigera by Cataldo Licchelli\" alt=\"Thecacera pennigera Observed at Mar Piccolo, Taranto, Puglia, Italia (23\/04\/2014 \u2013 05\/08\/2014) by Cataldo Licchelli\" style=\"width: 283px; height: 189px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Thecacera pennigera Observed at Mar Piccolo, Taranto, Puglia, Italia (23\/04\/2014 \u2013 05\/08\/2014) by Cataldo Licchelli <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 900px; height: 201px;\" data-original-width=\"900\" data-original-height=\"201\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 300px; height: 201px;\" data-original-width=\"300\" data-original-height=\"201\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/doridoidei\/polyceroidea\/thecacera-pennigera\/thecacera-pennigera-islas-canarias-by-aketza-herrero-2\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"296\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"197\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"21332\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Thecacera-pennigera-@-Islas-Canarias-by-Aketza-Herrero-2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,399\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Thecacera pennigera @ Islas Canarias by Aketza Herrero\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Thecacera pennigera @ Islas Canarias by Aketza Herrero&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Thecacera-pennigera-%40-Islas-Canarias-by-Aketza-Herrero-2.jpg?fit=300%2C200&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Thecacera-pennigera-%40-Islas-Canarias-by-Aketza-Herrero-2.jpg?fit=600%2C399&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Thecacera-pennigera-%40-Islas-Canarias-by-Aketza-Herrero-2.jpg?w=296&#038;h=197&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"296\" height=\"197\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"296\" data-original-height=\"197\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Thecacera pennigera @ Islas Canarias by Aketza Herrero\" alt=\"Thecacera pennigera @ Islas Canarias by Aketza Herrero\" style=\"width: 296px; height: 197px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Thecacera pennigera @ Islas Canarias by Aketza Herrero <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 300px; height: 201px;\" data-original-width=\"300\" data-original-height=\"201\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/doridoidei\/polyceroidea\/thecacera-pennigera\/thecacera-pennigera-islas-canarias-by-aketza-herrero-1\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"296\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"197\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"21333\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Thecacera-pennigera-@-Islas-Canarias-by-Aketza-Herrero-1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,399\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Thecacera pennigera @ Islas Canarias by Aketza Herrero\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Thecacera pennigera @ Islas Canarias by Aketza Herrero&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Thecacera-pennigera-%40-Islas-Canarias-by-Aketza-Herrero-1.jpg?fit=300%2C200&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Thecacera-pennigera-%40-Islas-Canarias-by-Aketza-Herrero-1.jpg?fit=600%2C399&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Thecacera-pennigera-%40-Islas-Canarias-by-Aketza-Herrero-1.jpg?w=296&#038;h=197&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"296\" height=\"197\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"296\" data-original-height=\"197\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Thecacera pennigera @ Islas Canarias by Aketza Herrero\" alt=\"Thecacera pennigera @ Islas Canarias by Aketza Herrero\" style=\"width: 296px; height: 197px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Thecacera pennigera @ Islas Canarias by Aketza Herrero <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 300px; height: 201px;\" data-original-width=\"300\" data-original-height=\"201\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/doridoidei\/polyceroidea\/thecacera-pennigera\/thecacera-pennigera-islas-canarias-by-aketza-herrero-3\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"296\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"197\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"21335\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Thecacera-pennigera-@-Islas-Canarias-by-Aketza-Herrero-3.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,399\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Thecacera pennigera @ Islas Canarias by Aketza Herrero\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Thecacera pennigera @ Islas Canarias by Aketza Herrero&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Thecacera-pennigera-%40-Islas-Canarias-by-Aketza-Herrero-3.jpg?fit=300%2C200&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Thecacera-pennigera-%40-Islas-Canarias-by-Aketza-Herrero-3.jpg?fit=600%2C399&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Thecacera-pennigera-%40-Islas-Canarias-by-Aketza-Herrero-3.jpg?w=296&#038;h=197&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"296\" height=\"197\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"296\" data-original-height=\"197\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Thecacera pennigera @ Islas Canarias by Aketza Herrero\" alt=\"Thecacera pennigera @ Islas Canarias by Aketza Herrero\" style=\"width: 296px; height: 197px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Thecacera pennigera @ Islas Canarias by Aketza Herrero <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 900px; height: 432px;\" data-original-width=\"900\" data-original-height=\"432\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 575px; height: 432px;\" data-original-width=\"575\" data-original-height=\"432\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/doridoidei\/polyceroidea\/thecacera-pennigera\/olympus-digital-camera-203\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"571\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"428\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"24312\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Thecacera-pennigera-@-Netherlands-1-09-2017-2-by-Stefan-Verheyen.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,767\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands 1-09-2017 by Stefan Verheyen\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands 1-09-2017 by Stefan Verheyen&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Thecacera-pennigera-%40-Netherlands-1-09-2017-2-by-Stefan-Verheyen.jpg?fit=300%2C225&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Thecacera-pennigera-%40-Netherlands-1-09-2017-2-by-Stefan-Verheyen.jpg?fit=900%2C674&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Thecacera-pennigera-%40-Netherlands-1-09-2017-2-by-Stefan-Verheyen.jpg?w=571&#038;h=428&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"571\" height=\"428\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"571\" data-original-height=\"428\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands 1-09-2017 by Stefan Verheyen\" alt=\"Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands 1-09-2017 by Stefan Verheyen\" style=\"width: 571px; height: 428px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands 1-09-2017 by Stefan Verheyen <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 325px; height: 432px;\" data-original-width=\"325\" data-original-height=\"432\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/doridoidei\/polyceroidea\/thecacera-pennigera\/olympus-digital-camera-204\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"321\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"428\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"24313\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Thecacera-pennigera-@-Netherlands-1-09-2017-3-by-Stefan-Verheyen.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"768,1024\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands 1-09-2017 by Stefan Verheyen\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands 1-09-2017 by Stefan Verheyen&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Thecacera-pennigera-%40-Netherlands-1-09-2017-3-by-Stefan-Verheyen.jpg?fit=225%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Thecacera-pennigera-%40-Netherlands-1-09-2017-3-by-Stefan-Verheyen.jpg?fit=768%2C1024&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Thecacera-pennigera-%40-Netherlands-1-09-2017-3-by-Stefan-Verheyen.jpg?w=321&#038;h=428&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"321\" height=\"428\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"321\" data-original-height=\"428\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands 1-09-2017 by Stefan Verheyen\" alt=\"Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands 1-09-2017 by Stefan Verheyen\" style=\"width: 321px; height: 428px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands 1-09-2017 by Stefan Verheyen <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 900px; height: 451px;\" data-original-width=\"900\" data-original-height=\"451\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-2\" style=\"width: 300px; height: 451px;\" data-original-width=\"300\" data-original-height=\"451\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/doridoidei\/polyceroidea\/thecacera-pennigera\/olympus-digital-camera-205\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"296\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"222\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"24314\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Thecacera-pennigera-@-Netherlands-1-09-2017-by-Stefan-Verheyen.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,768\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands 1-09-2017 by Stefan Verheyen\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands 1-09-2017 by Stefan Verheyen&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Thecacera-pennigera-%40-Netherlands-1-09-2017-by-Stefan-Verheyen.jpg?fit=300%2C225&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Thecacera-pennigera-%40-Netherlands-1-09-2017-by-Stefan-Verheyen.jpg?fit=900%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Thecacera-pennigera-%40-Netherlands-1-09-2017-by-Stefan-Verheyen.jpg?w=296&#038;h=222&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"296\" height=\"222\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"296\" data-original-height=\"222\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands 1-09-2017 by Stefan Verheyen\" alt=\"Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands 1-09-2017 by Stefan Verheyen\" style=\"width: 296px; height: 222px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands 1-09-2017 by Stefan Verheyen <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/doridoidei\/polyceroidea\/thecacera-pennigera\/olympus-digital-camera-206\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"296\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"221\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"24315\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Thecacera-pennigera-@-Netherlands-6-03-2017-by-Stefan-Verheyen-2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,768\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands 6-03-2017 by Stefan Verheyen\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands 6-03-2017 by Stefan Verheyen&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Thecacera-pennigera-%40-Netherlands-6-03-2017-by-Stefan-Verheyen-2.jpg?fit=300%2C225&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Thecacera-pennigera-%40-Netherlands-6-03-2017-by-Stefan-Verheyen-2.jpg?fit=900%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Thecacera-pennigera-%40-Netherlands-6-03-2017-by-Stefan-Verheyen-2.jpg?w=296&#038;h=221&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"296\" height=\"221\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"296\" data-original-height=\"221\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands 6-03-2017 by Stefan Verheyen\" alt=\"Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands 6-03-2017 by Stefan Verheyen\" style=\"width: 296px; height: 221px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands 6-03-2017 by Stefan Verheyen <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 600px; height: 451px;\" data-original-width=\"600\" data-original-height=\"451\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/doridoidei\/polyceroidea\/thecacera-pennigera\/thecacera-pennigera-netherlands-6-03-2017-by-stefan-verheyen-3\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"596\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"447\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"24316\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Thecacera-pennigera-@-Netherlands-6-03-2017-by-Stefan-Verheyen-3.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,768\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands 6-03-2017 by Stefan Verheyen\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands 6-03-2017 by Stefan Verheyen&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Thecacera-pennigera-%40-Netherlands-6-03-2017-by-Stefan-Verheyen-3.jpg?fit=300%2C225&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Thecacera-pennigera-%40-Netherlands-6-03-2017-by-Stefan-Verheyen-3.jpg?fit=900%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Thecacera-pennigera-%40-Netherlands-6-03-2017-by-Stefan-Verheyen-3.jpg?w=596&#038;h=447&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"596\" height=\"447\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"596\" data-original-height=\"447\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands 6-03-2017 by Stefan Verheyen\" alt=\"Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands 6-03-2017 by Stefan Verheyen\" style=\"width: 596px; height: 447px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands 6-03-2017 by Stefan Verheyen <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 900px; height: 754px;\" data-original-width=\"900\" data-original-height=\"754\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-3\" style=\"width: 334px; height: 754px;\" data-original-width=\"334\" data-original-height=\"754\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/doridoidei\/polyceroidea\/thecacera-pennigera\/olympus-digital-camera-207\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"330\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"248\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"24317\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Thecacera-pennigera-@-Netherlands-6-03-2017-by-Stefan-Verheyen.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,768\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands 6-03-2017 by Stefan Verheyen\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands 6-03-2017 by Stefan Verheyen&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Thecacera-pennigera-%40-Netherlands-6-03-2017-by-Stefan-Verheyen.jpg?fit=300%2C225&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Thecacera-pennigera-%40-Netherlands-6-03-2017-by-Stefan-Verheyen.jpg?fit=900%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Thecacera-pennigera-%40-Netherlands-6-03-2017-by-Stefan-Verheyen.jpg?w=330&#038;h=248&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"330\" height=\"248\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"330\" data-original-height=\"248\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands 6-03-2017 by Stefan Verheyen\" alt=\"Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands 6-03-2017 by Stefan Verheyen\" style=\"width: 330px; height: 248px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands 6-03-2017 by Stefan Verheyen <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/doridoidei\/polyceroidea\/thecacera-pennigera\/olympus-digital-camera-208\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"330\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"247\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"24318\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Thecacera-pennigera-@-Netherlands-7-10-2017-by-Stefan-Verheyen.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,768\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands 7-10-2017 by Stefan Verheyen\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands 7-10-2017 by Stefan Verheyen&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Thecacera-pennigera-%40-Netherlands-7-10-2017-by-Stefan-Verheyen.jpg?fit=300%2C225&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Thecacera-pennigera-%40-Netherlands-7-10-2017-by-Stefan-Verheyen.jpg?fit=900%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Thecacera-pennigera-%40-Netherlands-7-10-2017-by-Stefan-Verheyen.jpg?w=330&#038;h=247&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"330\" height=\"247\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"330\" data-original-height=\"247\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands 7-10-2017 by Stefan Verheyen\" alt=\"Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands 7-10-2017 by Stefan Verheyen\" style=\"width: 330px; height: 247px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands 7-10-2017 by Stefan Verheyen <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/doridoidei\/polyceroidea\/thecacera-pennigera\/olympus-digital-camera-209\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"330\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"247\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"24319\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Thecacera-pennigera-feeding-on-Bugula-plumosa-@-Netherlands-22-08-2017-by-Stefan-Verheyen.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,768\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Thecacera pennigera feeding on Bugula plumosa @ Netherlands 22-08-2017 by Stefan Verheyen\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Thecacera pennigera feeding on Bugula plumosa @ Netherlands 22-08-2017 by Stefan Verheyen&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Thecacera-pennigera-feeding-on-Bugula-plumosa-%40-Netherlands-22-08-2017-by-Stefan-Verheyen.jpg?fit=300%2C225&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Thecacera-pennigera-feeding-on-Bugula-plumosa-%40-Netherlands-22-08-2017-by-Stefan-Verheyen.jpg?fit=900%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Thecacera-pennigera-feeding-on-Bugula-plumosa-%40-Netherlands-22-08-2017-by-Stefan-Verheyen.jpg?w=330&#038;h=247&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"330\" height=\"247\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"330\" data-original-height=\"247\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Thecacera pennigera feeding on Bugula plumosa @ Netherlands 22-08-2017 by Stefan Verheyen\" alt=\"Thecacera pennigera feeding on Bugula plumosa @ Netherlands 22-08-2017 by Stefan Verheyen\" style=\"width: 330px; height: 247px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Thecacera pennigera feeding on Bugula plumosa @ Netherlands 22-08-2017 by Stefan Verheyen <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 566px; height: 754px;\" data-original-width=\"566\" data-original-height=\"754\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/doridoidei\/polyceroidea\/thecacera-pennigera\/olympus-digital-camera-220\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"562\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"750\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"26397\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Thecacera-pennigera-@-Netherlands-by-Stefan-Verheyen-e1521467453381.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"768,1024\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands by Stefan Verheyen\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands by Stefan Verheyen&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Thecacera-pennigera-%40-Netherlands-by-Stefan-Verheyen-e1521467453381.jpg?fit=225%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Thecacera-pennigera-%40-Netherlands-by-Stefan-Verheyen-e1521467453381.jpg?fit=768%2C1024&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Thecacera-pennigera-%40-Netherlands-by-Stefan-Verheyen-e1521467453381.jpg?w=562&#038;h=750&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"562\" height=\"750\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"562\" data-original-height=\"750\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands by Stefan Verheyen\" alt=\"Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands by Stefan Verheyen\" style=\"width: 562px; height: 750px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Thecacera pennigera @ Netherlands by Stefan Verheyen <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 900px; height: 301px;\" data-original-width=\"900\" data-original-height=\"301\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 450px; height: 301px;\" data-original-width=\"450\" data-original-height=\"301\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/doridoidei\/polyceroidea\/thecacera-pennigera\/thecacera-pennigera-by-fabio-vitale\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"446\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"297\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"36712\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Thecacera-pennigera-by-Fabio-Vitale.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1200,800\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Thecacera pennigera by Fabio Vitale\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Thecacera pennigera by Fabio Vitale&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Thecacera-pennigera-by-Fabio-Vitale.jpg?fit=300%2C200&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Thecacera-pennigera-by-Fabio-Vitale.jpg?fit=900%2C600&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Thecacera-pennigera-by-Fabio-Vitale.jpg?w=446&#038;h=297&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Thecacera-pennigera-by-Fabio-Vitale.jpg?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Thecacera-pennigera-by-Fabio-Vitale.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Thecacera-pennigera-by-Fabio-Vitale.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Thecacera-pennigera-by-Fabio-Vitale.jpg?resize=150%2C100&amp;ssl=1 150w\" width=\"446\" height=\"297\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"446\" data-original-height=\"297\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Thecacera pennigera by Fabio Vitale\" alt=\"Thecacera pennigera by Fabio Vitale\" style=\"width: 446px; height: 297px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Thecacera pennigera by Fabio Vitale <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 450px; height: 301px;\" data-original-width=\"450\" data-original-height=\"301\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/doridoidei\/polyceroidea\/thecacera-pennigera\/thecacera-pennigera-by-cataldo-licchelli-130317b\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"446\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"297\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"36713\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Thecacera-pennigera-by-Cataldo-Licchelli-130317b.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1200,800\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Thecacera pennigera by Cataldo Licchelli\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Thecacera pennigera by Cataldo Licchelli&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Thecacera-pennigera-by-Cataldo-Licchelli-130317b.jpg?fit=300%2C200&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Thecacera-pennigera-by-Cataldo-Licchelli-130317b.jpg?fit=900%2C600&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Thecacera-pennigera-by-Cataldo-Licchelli-130317b.jpg?w=446&#038;h=297&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Thecacera-pennigera-by-Cataldo-Licchelli-130317b.jpg?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Thecacera-pennigera-by-Cataldo-Licchelli-130317b.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Thecacera-pennigera-by-Cataldo-Licchelli-130317b.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Thecacera-pennigera-by-Cataldo-Licchelli-130317b.jpg?resize=150%2C100&amp;ssl=1 150w\" width=\"446\" height=\"297\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"446\" data-original-height=\"297\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Thecacera pennigera by Cataldo Licchelli\" alt=\"Thecacera pennigera by Cataldo Licchelli\" style=\"width: 446px; height: 297px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Thecacera pennigera by Cataldo Licchelli <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <\/div><\/p>\n<p><p><strong>Bibliography<\/strong><\/p><ul><div id=\"zotpress-c38ec5cf29dfd84ef4eb4fe3c0c89d4f\" class=\"zp-Zotpress zp-Zotpress-Bib wp-block-group\">\n\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_API_USER_ID ZP_ATTR\">1246567<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ITEM_KEY ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_COLLECTION_ID ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TAG_ID ZP_ATTR\">Thecacera pennigera<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_AUTHOR ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_YEAR ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_ITEMTYPE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_INCLUSIVE ZP_ATTR\">1<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_STYLE ZP_ATTR\">eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_LIMIT ZP_ATTR\">50<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SORTBY ZP_ATTR\">creator<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ORDER ZP_ATTR\">asc<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TITLE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SHOWIMAGE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SHOWTAGS ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_DOWNLOADABLE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_NOTES ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ABSTRACT ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_CITEABLE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TARGET ZP_ATTR\">1<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_URLWRAP ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_FORCENUM ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_HIGHLIGHT ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_POSTID ZP_ATTR\">10724<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZOTPRESS_PLUGIN_URL ZP_ATTR\">https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/plugins\/zotpress\/<\/span>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"zp-List loading\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"zp-SEO-Content\">\n\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-zp-SEO-Content -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-List -->\n\t<\/div><!--.zp-Zotpress-->\n\n<p><\/p>Bibliography based on the works by <b>Steve Long, 2006<\/b>. <a target=_blank href=https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Long-S.-2006-Bibliography-of-Opisthobranchia-1554-2000.pdf>Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000<\/a> and <b>Gary McDonald, 2009<\/b>. <a href=http:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/8115h0wz>Bibliographia Nudibranchia<\/a>, with later updates from other resources.<p><\/p><\/ul><p><\/p><p><strong>Further reading<\/strong><\/p><span style=\"font-size:10pt\"><ul><ul class=\"blogroll-links\"><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/name\/Thecacera%20pennigera\">Biodiversity Heritage Library<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/doris.ffessm.fr\/fiche2.asp?fiche_numero=353\">DORIS<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.habitas.org.uk\/marinelife\/species.asp?item=W13760#\">Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/56388191@N08\/sets\/72157664446137539\/\">European Sea Slugs by Morddyn<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/search\/?text=Thecacera%20pennigera\">Flickr pictures<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/56388191@N08\/albums\/72157664446137539\">Ian Smith account at Flickr<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.irmng.org\/aphia.php?p=taxlist&#038;tName=Thecacera%20pennigera\">Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20250116074557\/http:\/\/medslugs.de\/E\/Med\/Thecacera_pennigera\/Selection.htm\">Medslugs (Med)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/Taxonomy\/Browser\/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&#038;name=Thecacera%20pennigera&#038;lvl=0&#038;srchmode=1\">NCBI GenBank<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/iobis.org\/mapper\/?taxon=Thecacera%20pennigera\">OBIS - Search by Taxon<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sea-slug.com\/species\/umiusi336.htm\">Opisthobranchs of Kii Peninsula<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.seaslugforum.net\/showall\/thecpen\">Sea Slug Forum<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&#038;id=140840\">World Register of Marine Species<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/ul><\/span><p><strong>Cite this article as: <\/strong><\/p><div style=\"display: block; background: #444444; padding: 10px 30px 10px 10px; border-radius: 5px; line-height: 18px;\"><p class=\"citacio\"><b>Herrero, A., Ballesteros, M., Madrenas, E. &#38; Pontes, M.<\/b> (2025) <em>\"Thecacera pennigera\"<\/em> in <em>OPK-Opistobranquis<\/em>. Published: 05\/10\/2013. Accessed: 18\/09\/2026. Available at (<a href=https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/?p=10724>https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/?p=10724<\/a>)<\/p><p><\/p><\/div><p><\/p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Thecacera pennigera (Montagu, 1815) Synonyms Doris pennigera Montagu, 1815 (original) Thecacera lamellata Barnard, 1933 Thecacera maculata Eliot, 1905 Description This species can reach up to 30 mm in length. The body color is translucent white and it is completely\u00a0covered with small irregular patches of orange and yellow, sprayed with black dots of varying density. The black dots are smaller but appear\u00a0in greater numbers. Atlantic individuals differ from Pacific ones in\u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"continue-reading-button\"> <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/doridoidei\/polyceroidea\/thecacera-pennigera\/\">Continue reading<i class=\"crycon-right-dir\"><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":399,"featured_media":16344,"parent":26113,"menu_order":6826,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-10724","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10724","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/399"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10724"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10724\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":47660,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10724\/revisions\/47660"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/26113"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16344"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10724"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}