{"id":13010,"date":"2014-08-29T17:20:54","date_gmt":"2014-08-29T15:20:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/?page_id=13010"},"modified":"2025-02-16T19:44:52","modified_gmt":"2025-02-16T18:44:52","slug":"okenia-nodosa","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/okenia-nodosa\/","title":{"rendered":"Okenia nodosa"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<h3><em>Okenia nodosa<\/em> (Montagu, 1808)<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size:10pt;\" class=\"aligncenter\"><div id=\"featured-img-id\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa-%40-Strangford-Lough-Co-Down-Northern-Ireland.-20-Oct-2005-by-Bernard-Picton.jpg?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Okenia nodosa @ Strangford Lough, Co Down, Northern Ireland. 20 Oct 2005 by Bernard Picton\" \/><\/div><center><em>Okenia nodosa @ Strangford Lough, Co Down, Northern Ireland. 20 Oct 2005<\/em> by Bernard Picton<\/center><\/span><p><\/p><div class=\"opk-worms\"><h3>WoRMS Taxonomic Information<\/h3><div class=\"opk-success\">Current accepted name: <strong><em>Okenia nodosa<\/em> (Montagu, 1808)<\/strong><\/div><h4>Current classification<\/h4><table class=\"widefat striped\"><tr><th>Superdomain<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1\">Biota<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Kingdom<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=2\">Animalia<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Phylum<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=51\">Mollusca<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Class<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=101\">Gastropoda<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Subclass<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=14712\">Heterobranchia<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Infraclass<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1057247\">Euthyneura<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Subterclass<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1057249\">Ringipleura<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Superorder<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=411966\">Nudipleura<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Order<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1762\">Nudibranchia<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Suborder<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1052385\">Doridina<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Infraorder<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=246038\">Doridoidei<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Superfamily<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=246152\">Onchidoridoidea<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Family<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=174\">Goniodorididae<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Subfamily<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1723339\">Goniodoridinae<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Genus<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138042\"><em>Okenia<\/em><\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Species<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1723483\"><em>Okenia nodosa<\/em> (Montagu, 1808)<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/table><p class=\"footer\">Classification provided by the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). [<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1723483\">1723483<\/a>]<\/p><\/div><strong>Taxonomic Note<br \/>\n<\/strong>Paz-Sedano et al.(2024) conducted a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the family Goniodorididae, which includes both genus <em>Goniodoris<\/em> and <em>Okenia<\/em>. Their findings indicated that <em>G. nodosa<\/em>, and therefore the genus <em>Goniodoris<\/em>, should be synonymized with the older genus, i.e., <em>Okenia<\/em>. However, the morphology of the remaining species of <em>Goniodoris<\/em> matched better with <em>Pelagella<\/em>, a genus that already includes species previously assigned to <em>Goniodoris<\/em>. Thus, Paz-Sedano et al. (2024) tentatively transferred species of <em>Goniodoris<\/em> to <em>Pelagella<\/em>, except for <em>Okenia nodosa<\/em>, until more species are sequenced.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Synonyms<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Doris barvicensis<\/em> Johnston, 1838<\/li>\n<li><em>Doris elongata<\/em> Thompson W., 1840<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Doris nodosa<\/em> Montagu, 1808 (original)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><em>Goniodoris emarginata<\/em> Forbes, 1840<\/li>\n<li><em>Goniodoris nodosa<\/em> (Montagu, 1808)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Description<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>O. nodosa<\/em> reaches a maximum recorded body length of 27 mm (Thompson &amp; Brown, 1984). The dorsal mantle is capable of fully covering the body, but it is often reflected or raised, exposing the body. Its surface is characterized by numerous raised mounds, each capped with a small white marking. In adults, these mounds are irregularly distributed across the mantle, whereas in juveniles (~2 mm in length), tubercles may align along the medial ridge to form three longitudinal ribs. The prominence of these mounds varies with age and reproductive condition, and in some cases, they may be absent. The external appearance of <em>O. nodosa<\/em> is largely influenced by its translucent body, which makes many of these features difficult to discern. The only visible pigmentation consists of fine white or yellow-white stippling, along with larger pigment spots. The stippling is absent posterior to the rhinophores, creating the impression of shallow depressions, while a transparent, stipple-free circular area behind the gills gives the illusion of an open pore. Yellow pigmentation, when present, is most pronounced on the oral tentacles and along a medial band on the metapodium. In juveniles (~2 mm in length), the mantle\u2019s fine stippling is often predominantly yellow. The internal organs are visible through the translucent body, with the viscera appearing pink or yellow and, in some cases, a bluish spermatheca discernible on the right side. The rhinophores consist of a short, smooth, translucent basal stalk, and in adults, they bear thirteen to fourteen incomplete lamellae on the distal 70% of their length. These lamellae do not extend across the anterior face of the rhinophore. The rhinophoral apex is short, bluntly rounded, and projects slightly beyond the lamellae. Rhinophores are entirely translucent white or yellowish, with sparse white pigment flecks that become denser distally. The branchial plume comprises up to thirteen unipinnate, transparent, and colorless gills with thickened midribs, arranged in a circle around the cylindrical, white anal papilla. In larger specimens, three additional smaller gill plumes may be present at the posterior margin of the main circle. The head bears a ventral, yellowish mouth surrounded by broad, flattened, translucent oral tentacles, which are speckled with opaque white or yellow-white pigmentation distally. The oral veil is faintly developed. In dorsal view, the head is usually covered by the mantle unless the mantle is retracted or reflected. The foot is oblong with parallel lateral margins, a broad anterior region with rounded corners, and a posterior end that tapers to a rounded point. The ventral surface is translucent white, with the central viscera visible as a pinkish hue. Propodial tentacles are absent. Dorsally, the foot is translucent white, scattered with small, opaque white spots. The tail (metapodium) extends beyond the mantle and features a distinct yellow medial band.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Biology<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>O. nodosa<\/em> inhabits the lower shore and sublittoral zone, occurring at depths of up to 120 m. Despite most <em>Okenia<\/em> feed on bryozoans, <em>O. nodosa<\/em> has been reported to feed on ascidians. Phylogenetic results confirm that <em>O. nodosa<\/em> does not belong to a different genus but is a rather specialized <em>Okenia<\/em> not feeding on bryozoans. Juveniles primarily feed on polyzoans, including <em>Alcyonidium polyoum<\/em>, <em>Callopora dumerili<\/em>, and <em>Flustrellidra hispida<\/em>, while adults consume various ascidians, such as <em>Diplosoma listerianum<\/em>, <em>Botryllus schlosseri<\/em>, and <em>Dendrodoa grossularia<\/em> (Thompson &amp; Brown, 1984). As a simultaneous hermaphrodite, <em>O. nodosa<\/em> engages in reciprocal copulation. Mating typically occurs with individuals positioned head to head, aligning their genital apertures, which are located behind the right cephalic tentacles. Alternatively, pairs may mate with one individual lying prone and the other supine, maintaining genital contact. This species produces a long, cylindrical spawn mass that is either white or rosy in color. The spawn is attached to the substrate and may vary in curvature, from nearly straight to a coil of approximately one and a half turns. Each mass contains between 14,000 and 32,000 eggs. Fertilization occurs during deposition, utilizing sperm stored from previous copulation within the bursa copulatrix. In the British Isles, the primary spawning season extends from January to May, with an additional spawning period in autumn under favorable conditions that might promote rapid growth and early maturation of the spring cohort (Thompson &amp; Brown, 1984). The shelled veliger larvae develop as plankton before settling on the substrate and undergoing metamorphosis into the benthic adult form. Adults typically die after spawning in May, rendering the species inconspicuous during summer until juvenile recruitment begins in August.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Okenia<\/em>. In honor of\u00a0Prof. Dr. Ludwig Gilbert Lorenz\u00a0<b>Oken<\/b>, (1779-1851), German natural philosopher, editor of the magazine\u00a0\u201cIsis\u201d and publisher of the book \u201cLehrbuch der Naturgeschichte\u201d.<\/li>\n<li><em>Nodosa<\/em>. From Latin, tied into many knots, full of knots, knotty.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Distribution<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>O. nodosa<\/em> occurs from Norway and Faeroe Islands to Galicia, Spain (Trigo et al., 2018). 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height: 392px;\" data-original-width=\"900\" data-original-height=\"392\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 611px; height: 392px;\" data-original-width=\"611\" data-original-height=\"392\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/okenia-nodosa\/goniodoris-nodosa001red-y-cr\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"607\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"388\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"13017\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa001red-y-cr.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"712,455\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Okenia nodosa @ Galicia by Manuel Ballesteros\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Okenia nodosa @ Galicia by Manuel Ballesteros&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa001red-y-cr.jpg?fit=300%2C191&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa001red-y-cr.jpg?fit=712%2C455&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa001red-y-cr.jpg?w=607&#038;h=388&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa001red-y-cr.jpg?w=712&amp;ssl=1 712w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa001red-y-cr.jpg?resize=150%2C95&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa001red-y-cr.jpg?resize=300%2C191&amp;ssl=1 300w\" width=\"607\" height=\"388\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"607\" data-original-height=\"388\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Okenia nodosa @ Galicia by Manuel Ballesteros\" alt=\"Okenia nodosa @ Galicia by Manuel Ballesteros\" style=\"width: 607px; height: 388px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Okenia nodosa @ Galicia by Manuel Ballesteros <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-2\" style=\"width: 289px; height: 392px;\" data-original-width=\"289\" data-original-height=\"392\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/okenia-nodosa\/goniodoris-nodosa002red-y-cr\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"285\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"200\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"13018\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa002red-y-cr.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"660,463\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Okenia nodosa @ Galicia by Manuel Ballesteros\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Okenia nodosa @ Galicia by Manuel Ballesteros&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa002red-y-cr.jpg?fit=300%2C210&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa002red-y-cr.jpg?fit=660%2C463&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa002red-y-cr.jpg?w=285&#038;h=200&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa002red-y-cr.jpg?w=660&amp;ssl=1 660w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa002red-y-cr.jpg?resize=150%2C105&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa002red-y-cr.jpg?resize=300%2C210&amp;ssl=1 300w\" width=\"285\" height=\"200\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"285\" data-original-height=\"200\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Okenia nodosa @ Galicia by Manuel Ballesteros\" alt=\"Okenia nodosa @ Galicia by Manuel Ballesteros\" style=\"width: 285px; height: 200px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Okenia nodosa @ Galicia by Manuel Ballesteros <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/okenia-nodosa\/goniodoris-nodosa003red-y-cr\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"285\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"184\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"13019\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa003red-y-cr.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"664,427\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Okenia nodosa @ Galicia by Manuel Ballesteros\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Okenia nodosa @ Galicia by Manuel Ballesteros&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa003red-y-cr.jpg?fit=300%2C192&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa003red-y-cr.jpg?fit=664%2C427&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa003red-y-cr.jpg?w=285&#038;h=184&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa003red-y-cr.jpg?w=664&amp;ssl=1 664w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Goniodoris-nodosa003red-y-cr.jpg?resize=150%2C96&amp;ssl=1 150w\" width=\"285\" height=\"184\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"285\" data-original-height=\"184\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Okenia nodosa @ Galicia by Manuel Ballesteros\" alt=\"Okenia nodosa @ Galicia by Manuel Ballesteros\" style=\"width: 285px; height: 184px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Okenia nodosa @ Galicia by Manuel Ballesteros <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 900px; height: 319px;\" data-original-width=\"900\" data-original-height=\"319\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 476px; height: 319px;\" data-original-width=\"476\" data-original-height=\"319\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/okenia-nodosa\/goniodorisnodosa-carlosfdezcid\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"472\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"315\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"13940\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Goniodorisnodosa.CARLOSFDEZCID.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"850,567\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Okenia nodosa (Atlantic) by Carlos Fern\u00e1ndez-Cid\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Okenia nodosa (Atlantic) by Carlos Fern\u00e1ndez-Cid&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Goniodorisnodosa.CARLOSFDEZCID.jpg?fit=300%2C200&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Goniodorisnodosa.CARLOSFDEZCID.jpg?fit=850%2C567&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Goniodorisnodosa.CARLOSFDEZCID.jpg?w=472&#038;h=315&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Goniodorisnodosa.CARLOSFDEZCID.jpg?w=850&amp;ssl=1 850w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Goniodorisnodosa.CARLOSFDEZCID.jpg?resize=150%2C100&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Goniodorisnodosa.CARLOSFDEZCID.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w\" width=\"472\" height=\"315\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"472\" data-original-height=\"315\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Okenia nodosa (Atlantic) by Carlos Fern\u00e1ndez-Cid\" alt=\"Okenia nodosa (Atlantic) by Carlos Fern\u00e1ndez-Cid\" style=\"width: 472px; height: 315px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Okenia nodosa (Atlantic) <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 424px; height: 319px;\" data-original-width=\"424\" data-original-height=\"319\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/okenia-nodosa\/goniodorisnodsa-carlosfdezcid\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"420\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"315\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"13941\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Goniodorisnodsa.CARLOSFDEZCID.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"850,636\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Okenia nodosa (Atlantic) by Carlos Fern\u00e1ndez-Cid\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Okenia nodosa (Atlantic) by Carlos Fern\u00e1ndez-Cid&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Goniodorisnodsa.CARLOSFDEZCID.jpg?fit=300%2C224&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Goniodorisnodsa.CARLOSFDEZCID.jpg?fit=850%2C636&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Goniodorisnodsa.CARLOSFDEZCID.jpg?w=420&#038;h=315&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Goniodorisnodsa.CARLOSFDEZCID.jpg?w=850&amp;ssl=1 850w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Goniodorisnodsa.CARLOSFDEZCID.jpg?resize=150%2C112&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Goniodorisnodsa.CARLOSFDEZCID.jpg?resize=300%2C224&amp;ssl=1 300w\" width=\"420\" height=\"315\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"420\" data-original-height=\"315\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Okenia nodosa (Atlantic) by Carlos Fern\u00e1ndez-Cid\" alt=\"Okenia nodosa (Atlantic) by Carlos Fern\u00e1ndez-Cid\" style=\"width: 420px; height: 315px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Okenia nodosa (Atlantic) <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <\/div><\/p>\n<p><p><strong>Bibliography<\/strong><\/p><ul><div id=\"zotpress-711652a88d4276fa7607193fd3a4f582\" class=\"zp-Zotpress zp-Zotpress-Bib wp-block-group\">\n\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_API_USER_ID ZP_ATTR\">1246567<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ITEM_KEY ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_COLLECTION_ID ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TAG_ID ZP_ATTR\">Okenia nodosa<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_AUTHOR ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_YEAR ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_ITEMTYPE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_INCLUSIVE ZP_ATTR\">1<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_STYLE ZP_ATTR\">eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_LIMIT ZP_ATTR\">50<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SORTBY ZP_ATTR\">creator<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ORDER ZP_ATTR\">asc<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TITLE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SHOWIMAGE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SHOWTAGS ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_DOWNLOADABLE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_NOTES ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ABSTRACT ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_CITEABLE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TARGET ZP_ATTR\">1<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_URLWRAP ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_FORCENUM ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_HIGHLIGHT ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_POSTID ZP_ATTR\">13010<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZOTPRESS_PLUGIN_URL ZP_ATTR\">https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/plugins\/zotpress\/<\/span>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"zp-List loading\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"zp-SEO-Content\">\n\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-zp-SEO-Content -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-List -->\n\t<\/div><!--.zp-Zotpress-->\n\n<p><\/p>Bibliography based on the works by <b>Steve Long, 2006<\/b>. <a target=_blank href=https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Long-S.-2006-Bibliography-of-Opisthobranchia-1554-2000.pdf>Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000<\/a> and <b>Gary McDonald, 2009<\/b>. <a href=http:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/8115h0wz>Bibliographia Nudibranchia<\/a>, with later updates from other resources.<p><\/p><\/ul><p><\/p><p><strong>Further reading<\/strong><\/p><span style=\"font-size:10pt\"><ul><ul class=\"blogroll-links\"><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.asturnatura.com\/especie\/goniodoris-nodosa.html\">AsturNatura<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/name\/Goniodoris%20nodosa\">Biodiversity Heritage Library<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/doris.ffessm.fr\/fiche2.asp?fiche_numero=1858\">DORIS<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.habitas.org.uk\/marinelife\/species.asp?item=W12970#\">Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/nature22.com\/estran22\/mollusques\/gasteropodesbis\/gasteropodes5.html\">Estran 22 - Faune et flore de la zone de balancement des mar\u00e9es en C\u00f4tes d&#039;Armor<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/56388191@N08\/sets\/72157720236198123\/\">European Sea Slugs by Morddyn<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/search\/?text=Goniodoris%20nodosa\">Flickr pictures<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.irmng.org\/aphia.php?p=taxlist&#038;tName=Goniodoris%20nodosa\">Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/Taxonomy\/Browser\/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&#038;name=Goniodoris%20nodosa&#038;lvl=0&#038;srchmode=1\">NCBI GenBank<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/iobis.org\/mapper\/?taxon=Okenia%20nodosa\">OBIS - Search by Taxon<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nudibranch.org\/Scottish%20Nudibranchs\/goniodoris-nodosa.html\">Scottish Nudibranchs<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&#038;id=1723483\">World Register of Marine Species<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/ul><\/span><p><strong>Cite this article as: <\/strong><\/p><div style=\"display: block; background: #444444; padding: 10px 30px 10px 10px; border-radius: 5px; line-height: 18px;\"><p class=\"citacio\"><b>Pontes, Miquel<\/b> (2025) <em>\"Okenia nodosa\"<\/em> in <em>OPK-Opistobranquis<\/em>. Published: 29\/08\/2014. Accessed: 04\/11\/2026. Available at (<a href=https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/?p=13010>https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/?p=13010<\/a>)<\/p><p><\/p><\/div><p><\/p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Okenia nodosa (Montagu, 1808) Taxonomic Note Paz-Sedano et al.(2024) conducted a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the family Goniodorididae, which includes both genus Goniodoris and Okenia. Their findings indicated that G. nodosa, and therefore the genus Goniodoris, should be synonymized with the older genus, i.e., Okenia. However, the morphology of the remaining species of Goniodoris matched better with Pelagella, a genus that already includes species previously assigned to Goniodoris. Thus, Paz-Sedano\u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"continue-reading-button\"> <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/nudibranchia\/doridina\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/okenia-nodosa\/\">Continue reading<i class=\"crycon-right-dir\"><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":19642,"parent":26111,"menu_order":30,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-13010","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13010","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13010"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13010\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":45900,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13010\/revisions\/45900"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/26111"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19642"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13010"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}