{"id":14182,"date":"2014-09-11T11:40:43","date_gmt":"2014-09-11T09:40:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/?page_id=14182"},"modified":"2020-09-27T11:48:42","modified_gmt":"2020-09-27T09:48:42","slug":"philine-catena","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/cephalaspidea\/philinoidea\/philine-catena\/","title":{"rendered":"Philine catena"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<h3><em>Philine catena<\/em>\u00a0(Montagu, 1803)<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size:10pt;\" class=\"aligncenter\"><div id=\"featured-img-id\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Philine-quadrata-%40-El-Port-de-la-Selva-2-05-2015-by-Enric-Madrenas.jpg?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Philine catena @ Costa Brava 3-05-2015 by Enric Madrenas\" \/><\/div><center><em>Philine catena @ Costa Brava 3-05-2015 <\/em> by Enric Madrenas<\/center><\/span><p><\/p><div class=\"opk-worms\"><h3>WoRMS Taxonomic Information<\/h3><div class=\"opk-success\">Current accepted name: <strong><em>Philine catena<\/em> (Montagu, 1803)<\/strong><\/div><h4>Current classification<\/h4><table class=\"widefat striped\"><tr><th>Superdomain<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1\">Biota<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Kingdom<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=2\">Animalia<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Phylum<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=51\">Mollusca<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Class<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=101\">Gastropoda<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Subclass<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=14712\">Heterobranchia<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Infraclass<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1057247\">Euthyneura<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Subterclass<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1057250\">Tectipleura<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Order<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=154\">Cephalaspidea<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Superfamily<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=196322\">Philinoidea<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Family<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=161\">Philinidae<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Subfamily<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1380004\">Philininae<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Genus<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138339\"><em>Philine<\/em><\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Species<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=140747\"><em>Philine catena<\/em> (Montagu, 1803)<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/table><p class=\"footer\">Classification provided by the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). [<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=140747\">140747<\/a>]<\/p><\/div><strong>Synonyms<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span id=\"aphia_ct_tu_720713\"><strong><i>Bulla catena<\/i> Montagu, 1803 (original)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span id=\"aphia_ct_tu_580386\"><i>Bullaea angustata<\/i> Philippi, 1836<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span id=\"aphia_ct_tu_747929\"><i>Bullaea catenata<\/i> Thorpe, 1844\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span id=\"aphia_ct_tu_747930\"><i>Bullaea catina<\/i> Brown, 1827\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span id=\"aphia_ct_tu_747932\"><i>Bullaea punctata<\/i> Philippi, 1836\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span id=\"aphia_ct_tu_720714\"><i>Bullaea sculpta<\/i> Wood, 1848<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span id=\"aphia_ct_tu_752824\"><i>Philine catena var. zona<\/i> Jeffreys, 1867\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span id=\"aphia_ct_tu_749843\"><i>Philine catenata<\/i> Locard, 1886\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Description<br \/>\n<\/strong>This species can reach a total length of about 1 cm. The body is long and narrow, coloured in light brown or cream\u00a0with\u00a0many brown\u00a0scores that,\u00a0according to their density may darken the body\u00a0more or less. The cephalic shield is long and narrow and occupies two thirds of the total body length, its front and rear ends are almost truncated. Some specimens\u00a0may have two or three small elongated brown spots on the middle of the\u00a0cephalic shield. Parapodial lobes are short and only cover the sides of the body. Paleal lobe occupies only one third of the body length, it is almost square and its rear end differentiates two short rounded protuberances. The shell is internal, small, whitish, thin and very fragile with an almost rectangular shape; its opening is very wide and its outer surface is microsculpted with spiral chains composed of small elongated depressions with a design similar to beads on a necklace. The apex of the shell is slightly depressed. The foot\u00a0is long and narrow and occupies the entire ventral surface of the body.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Biology<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>Philine catena<\/em> lives in sand and gravel bottoms, from the intertidal zone, in tide pools or under rocks, down to 2,000 m deep (Thompson, 1988). Virtually nothing is known about its feeding or reproduction, but empty shells of this species have been found in the stomachs of some flatfish like the witch (<em>Glyptocephalus cynoglossus<\/em>) and the lemon witch (<em>Microstomus kitt<\/em>) (Thompson, 1976).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Philine<\/em>. Derived from Greek &#8220;philainoi&#8221;, name of two\u00a0Carthaginian brothers who fougth for their homeland and who received honors as Gods.<\/li>\n<li><em>Catena<\/em>. From Latin &#8220;cat\u0113na&#8221;, chain.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Distribution<br \/>\n<\/strong>This species\u00a0of cephalaspidean lives from northern Europe (Lofoten Islands, Norway, British coast) to the Iberian Peninsula and the Mediterranean Sea. It has been also cited in the Canary Islands and in Madeira. In the Iberian Peninsula, it has been cited in all coastal areas but the Atlantic coasts of Andaluc\u00eda, and it is also present in Balearic Islands (Cervera et al. 2004). In Catalonia it has been found on the beach of Cap Ras (Colera), Llan\u00e7\u00e0, Sitges, Cubelles, Hospitalet de l&#8217;Infant, Vandell\u00f3s and Sant Carles de la Rapita.<br \/>\n<div id=\"flxmap-6a9fa3ab281cc\" class='flxmap-container' data-flxmap='flxmap_6a9fa3ab281cc' style=\"width:100%;height:400px;\"><\/div>\n<script data-noptimize=\"1\">\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/\n(function(w, fn) {\n if (w.addEventListener) w.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", fn, false);\n else if (w.attachEvent) w.attachEvent(\"onload\", fn);\n})(window, function() {\n var f = new FlexibleMap();\n f.panControl = true;\n f.mapTypeId = \"satellite\";\n f.setlocale(\"en-US\");\n f.kmlcache = \"5 minutes\";\n f.showKML(\"flxmap-6a9fa3ab281cc\", \"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/14182.kmz\");\n window.flxmap_6a9fa3ab281cc = f;\n});\n\/* ]]> *\/\n<\/script>\n<div style=\"width:100%;text-align:center;margin:12px 0 4px 0;\">\n  <div style=\"font-size:8pt;margin-bottom:6px;\">Known georeferenced records of the species: <em>Philine catena<\/em><\/div>\n  <table style=\"margin:0 auto;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:8pt;\">\n    <tr><td colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:left;padding-bottom:4px;\"><strong>Sources:<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td style=\"vertical-align:top;padding-right:40px;\">\n        <table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n<tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/wht-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>OBIS<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/ylw-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>GROC 2010-2011<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/grn-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Enric Madrenas<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/orange-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Jo\u00e3o Pedro Silva<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/pink-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Bernard Picton<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/blk-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>GBIF<\/td><\/tr>        <\/table>\n      <\/td>\n      <td style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\n        <table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n<tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/purple-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>OPK<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/red-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>VIMAR<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/blu-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Manuel Ballesteros<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/cyan-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>M@re Nostrum<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/grey-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Altres fonts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/marreg.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Marine Regions<\/td><\/tr>        <\/table>\n      <\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>Error:<\/strong> Chart.js no est\u00e1 disponible.<\/p>\n<p><strong>More pictures<\/strong><br \/>\n<div class=\"tiled-gallery type-rectangular tiled-gallery-unresized\" data-original-width=\"900\" data-carousel-extra='{&quot;blog_id&quot;:1,&quot;permalink&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/opistobranquis.info\\\/en\\\/guia\\\/cephalaspidea\\\/philinoidea\\\/philine-catena\\\/&quot;,&quot;likes_blog_id&quot;:44192421}' itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\" > <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 900px; height: 493px;\" data-original-width=\"900\" data-original-height=\"493\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-2\" style=\"width: 385px; height: 493px;\" data-original-width=\"385\" data-original-height=\"493\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/cephalaspidea\/philinoidea\/philine-catena\/th_philine_catena-2mm-salini-1m-depth-6-09-1993-by-carmel-sammut\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"381\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"208\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"14219\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/th_Philine_catena-2mm-@-Salini-1m-depth-6-09-1993-by-Carmel-Sammut.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"580,316\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Philine catena 2mm @ Salini, Malta 1m depth 6-09-1993 by Carmel Sammut\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Philine catena 2mm @ Salini, Malta 1m depth 6-09-1993 by Carmel Sammut&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/th_Philine_catena-2mm-%40-Salini-1m-depth-6-09-1993-by-Carmel-Sammut.jpg?fit=300%2C163&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/th_Philine_catena-2mm-%40-Salini-1m-depth-6-09-1993-by-Carmel-Sammut.jpg?fit=580%2C316&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/th_Philine_catena-2mm-%40-Salini-1m-depth-6-09-1993-by-Carmel-Sammut.jpg?w=381&#038;h=208&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"381\" height=\"208\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"381\" data-original-height=\"208\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Philine catena 2mm @ Salini, Malta 1m depth 6-09-1993 by Carmel Sammut\" alt=\"Philine catena 2mm @ Salini, Malta 1m depth 6-09-1993 by Carmel Sammut\" style=\"width: 381px; height: 208px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Philine catena 2mm @ Salini, Malta 1m depth 6-09-1993 by Carmel Sammut <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/cephalaspidea\/philinoidea\/philine-catena\/th_philine_quadrata-9mm-qajjenza-1m-depth-8-03-1995-by-carmel-sammut\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"381\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"277\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"14220\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/th_Philine_quadrata-9mm-@-Qajjenza-1m-depth-8-03-1995-by-Carmel-Sammut.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"580,422\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Philine catena 9mm @ Qajjenza, Malta 1m depth 8-03-1995 by Carmel Sammut\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Philine catena 9mm @ Qajjenza, Malta 1m depth 8-03-1995 by Carmel Sammut&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/th_Philine_quadrata-9mm-%40-Qajjenza-1m-depth-8-03-1995-by-Carmel-Sammut.jpg?fit=300%2C218&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/th_Philine_quadrata-9mm-%40-Qajjenza-1m-depth-8-03-1995-by-Carmel-Sammut.jpg?fit=580%2C422&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/th_Philine_quadrata-9mm-%40-Qajjenza-1m-depth-8-03-1995-by-Carmel-Sammut.jpg?w=381&#038;h=277&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"381\" height=\"277\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"381\" data-original-height=\"277\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Philine catena 9mm @ Qajjenza, Malta 1m depth 8-03-1995 by Carmel Sammut\" alt=\"Philine catena 9mm @ Qajjenza, Malta 1m depth 8-03-1995 by Carmel Sammut\" style=\"width: 381px; height: 277px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Philine catena 9mm @ Qajjenza, Malta 1m depth 8-03-1995 by Carmel Sammut <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 515px; height: 493px;\" data-original-width=\"515\" data-original-height=\"493\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/cephalaspidea\/philinoidea\/philine-catena\/th_philine_quadrata-16mm-40-50m-depth-9-06-1994-by-carmel-sammut\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"511\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"489\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"14221\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/th_Philine_quadrata-16mm-@-40-50m-depth-9-06-1994-by-Carmel-Sammut.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"580,555\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Philine catena 16mm @ Malta 40-50m depth 9-06-1994 by Carmel Sammut\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Philine catena 16mm @ Malta 40-50m depth 9-06-1994 by Carmel Sammut&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/th_Philine_quadrata-16mm-%40-40-50m-depth-9-06-1994-by-Carmel-Sammut.jpg?fit=300%2C287&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/th_Philine_quadrata-16mm-%40-40-50m-depth-9-06-1994-by-Carmel-Sammut.jpg?fit=580%2C555&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/th_Philine_quadrata-16mm-%40-40-50m-depth-9-06-1994-by-Carmel-Sammut.jpg?w=511&#038;h=489&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"511\" height=\"489\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"511\" data-original-height=\"489\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Philine catena 16mm @ Malta 40-50m depth 9-06-1994 by Carmel Sammut\" alt=\"Philine catena 16mm @ Malta 40-50m depth 9-06-1994 by Carmel Sammut\" style=\"width: 511px; height: 489px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Philine catena 16mm @ Malta 40-50m depth 9-06-1994 by Carmel Sammut <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 900px; height: 404px;\" data-original-width=\"900\" data-original-height=\"404\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 602px; height: 404px;\" data-original-width=\"602\" data-original-height=\"404\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/cephalaspidea\/philinoidea\/philine-catena\/philine-quadrata-costa-brava-in-7m-3-05-2015-per-enric-madrenas-09\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"598\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"400\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"19460\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Philine-quadrata-@-Costa-Brava-in-7m-3-05-2015-per-Enric-Madrenas-09.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"806,539\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Philine catena @ Costa Brava in 7m 3-05-2015 by Enric Madrenas\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Philine catena @ Costa Brava in 7m 3-05-2015 by Enric Madrenas&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Philine-quadrata-%40-Costa-Brava-in-7m-3-05-2015-per-Enric-Madrenas-09.jpg?fit=300%2C201&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Philine-quadrata-%40-Costa-Brava-in-7m-3-05-2015-per-Enric-Madrenas-09.jpg?fit=806%2C539&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Philine-quadrata-%40-Costa-Brava-in-7m-3-05-2015-per-Enric-Madrenas-09.jpg?w=598&#038;h=400&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"598\" height=\"400\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"598\" data-original-height=\"400\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Philine catena @ Costa Brava in 7m 3-05-2015 by Enric Madrenas\" alt=\"Philine catena @ Costa Brava in 7m 3-05-2015 by Enric Madrenas\" style=\"width: 598px; height: 400px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Philine catena @ Costa Brava in 7m 3-05-2015 by Enric Madrenas <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-2\" style=\"width: 298px; height: 404px;\" data-original-width=\"298\" data-original-height=\"404\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/cephalaspidea\/philinoidea\/philine-catena\/philine-catena-4-3mm-split-croatia-50cm-by-jakov-prkic\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"294\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"199\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"19652\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Philine-catena-4.3mm-@-Split-Croatia-50cm-by-Jakov-Prkic.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1271,859\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Philine catena 4.3mm @ Split, Croatia 50cm by Jakov Prkic\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Philine catena 4.3mm @ Split, Croatia 50cm by Jakov Prkic&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Philine-catena-4.3mm-%40-Split-Croatia-50cm-by-Jakov-Prkic.jpg?fit=300%2C203&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Philine-catena-4.3mm-%40-Split-Croatia-50cm-by-Jakov-Prkic.jpg?fit=900%2C608&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Philine-catena-4.3mm-%40-Split-Croatia-50cm-by-Jakov-Prkic.jpg?w=294&#038;h=199&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"294\" height=\"199\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"294\" data-original-height=\"199\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Philine catena 4.3mm @ Split, Croatia 50cm by Jakov Prkic\" alt=\"Philine catena 4.3mm @ Split, Croatia 50cm by Jakov Prkic\" style=\"width: 294px; height: 199px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Philine catena 4.3mm @ Split, Croatia 50cm by Jakov Prkic <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/cephalaspidea\/philinoidea\/philine-catena\/philine-catena-12\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"294\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"197\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"30601\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Philine-catena-12.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1034,693\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Philine catena 12\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Philine catena by Enric Madrenas&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Philine-catena-12.jpg?fit=300%2C201&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Philine-catena-12.jpg?fit=900%2C603&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Philine-catena-12.jpg?w=294&#038;h=197&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Philine-catena-12.jpg?w=1034&amp;ssl=1 1034w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Philine-catena-12.jpg?resize=300%2C201&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Philine-catena-12.jpg?resize=1024%2C686&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Philine-catena-12.jpg?resize=150%2C101&amp;ssl=1 150w\" width=\"294\" height=\"197\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"294\" data-original-height=\"197\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Philine catena 12\" alt=\"Philine catena by Enric Madrenas\" style=\"width: 294px; height: 197px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Philine catena by Enric Madrenas <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <\/div><\/p>\n<p><p><strong>Bibliography<\/strong><\/p><ul><div id=\"zotpress-87a1f2998bf86f4c07a919de2765f1ac\" class=\"zp-Zotpress zp-Zotpress-Bib wp-block-group\">\n\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_API_USER_ID ZP_ATTR\">1246567<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ITEM_KEY ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_COLLECTION_ID ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TAG_ID ZP_ATTR\">Philine catena<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_AUTHOR ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_YEAR ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_ITEMTYPE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_INCLUSIVE ZP_ATTR\">1<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_STYLE ZP_ATTR\">eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_LIMIT ZP_ATTR\">50<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SORTBY ZP_ATTR\">creator<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ORDER ZP_ATTR\">asc<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TITLE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SHOWIMAGE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SHOWTAGS ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_DOWNLOADABLE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_NOTES ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ABSTRACT ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_CITEABLE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TARGET ZP_ATTR\">1<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_URLWRAP ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_FORCENUM ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_HIGHLIGHT ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_POSTID ZP_ATTR\">14182<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZOTPRESS_PLUGIN_URL ZP_ATTR\">https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/plugins\/zotpress\/<\/span>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"zp-List loading\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"zp-SEO-Content\">\n\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-zp-SEO-Content -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-List -->\n\t<\/div><!--.zp-Zotpress-->\n\n<p><\/p>Bibliography based on the works by <b>Steve Long, 2006<\/b>. <a target=_blank href=https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Long-S.-2006-Bibliography-of-Opisthobranchia-1554-2000.pdf>Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000<\/a> and <b>Gary McDonald, 2009<\/b>. <a href=http:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/8115h0wz>Bibliographia Nudibranchia<\/a>, with later updates from other resources.<p><\/p><\/ul><p><\/p><p><strong>Further reading<\/strong><\/p><span style=\"font-size:10pt\"><ul><ul class=\"blogroll-links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/artsdatabanken.no\/Pages\/149316#\">ArtsDataBanken - Universitetsmuseet i Bergen, Universitetet i Bergen<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/name\/Philine%20catena\">Biodiversity Heritage Library<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/search\/?text=Philine%20catena\">Flickr pictures<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.irmng.org\/aphia.php?p=taxlist&#038;tName=Philine%20catena\">Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/Taxonomy\/Browser\/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&#038;name=Philine%20catena&#038;lvl=0&#038;srchmode=1\">NCBI GenBank<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/iobis.org\/mapper\/?taxon=Philine%20catena\">OBIS - Search by Taxon<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&#038;id=140747\">World Register of Marine Species<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/ul><\/span><p><strong>Cite this article as: <\/strong><\/p><div style=\"display: block; background: #444444; padding: 10px 30px 10px 10px; border-radius: 5px; line-height: 18px;\"><p class=\"citacio\"><b>Ballesteros, M., Madrenas, E. &#38; Pontes, M.<\/b> (2025) <em>\"Philine catena\"<\/em> in <em>OPK-Opistobranquis<\/em>. Published: 11\/09\/2014. Accessed: 08\/09\/2026. Available at (<a href=https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/?p=14182>https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/?p=14182<\/a>)<\/p><p><\/p><\/div><p><\/p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Philine catena\u00a0(Montagu, 1803) Synonyms Bulla catena Montagu, 1803 (original) Bullaea angustata Philippi, 1836 Bullaea catenata Thorpe, 1844\u00a0 Bullaea catina Brown, 1827\u00a0 Bullaea punctata Philippi, 1836\u00a0 Bullaea sculpta Wood, 1848 Philine catena var. zona Jeffreys, 1867\u00a0 Philine catenata Locard, 1886\u00a0 Description This species can reach a total length of about 1 cm. The body is long and narrow, coloured in light brown or cream\u00a0with\u00a0many brown\u00a0scores that,\u00a0according to their density may darken\u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"continue-reading-button\"> <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/cephalaspidea\/philinoidea\/philine-catena\/\">Continue reading<i class=\"crycon-right-dir\"><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":291,"featured_media":19448,"parent":26138,"menu_order":2126,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-14182","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14182","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/291"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14182"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14182\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30602,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14182\/revisions\/30602"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/26138"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19448"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14182"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}