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<\/div>Acanthodoris pilosa<\/em> by Klas Malmberg<\/center><\/span><\/p>WoRMS Taxonomic Information<\/h3>Current accepted name: Acanthodoris pilosa<\/em> (Abildgaard, 1789)<\/strong><\/div>Current classification<\/h4>Superdomain<\/th>Biota<\/a><\/td><\/tr>Kingdom<\/th>Animalia<\/a><\/td><\/tr>Phylum<\/th>Mollusca<\/a><\/td><\/tr>Class<\/th>Gastropoda<\/a><\/td><\/tr>Subclass<\/th>Heterobranchia<\/a><\/td><\/tr>Infraclass<\/th>Euthyneura<\/a><\/td><\/tr>Subterclass<\/th>Ringipleura<\/a><\/td><\/tr>Superorder<\/th>Nudipleura<\/a><\/td><\/tr>Order<\/th>Doridida<\/a><\/td><\/tr>Infraorder<\/th>Doridoidei<\/a><\/td><\/tr>Superfamily<\/th>Onchidoridoidea<\/a><\/td><\/tr>Family<\/th>Acanthodorididae<\/a><\/td><\/tr>Genus<\/th>Acanthodoris<\/em><\/a><\/td><\/tr>Species<\/th>Acanthodoris pilosa<\/em> (Abildgaard, 1789)<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/table>Classification provided by the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). [140627<\/a>]<\/p><\/div>Synonyms<\/strong><\/p>\n\nAcanthodoris citrina<\/i> Verrill, 1879<\/span><\/li>\nAcanthodoris ornata<\/i> Verrill, 1879<\/span><\/li>\nAcanthodoris pallida<\/i> Bergh, 1905<\/span><\/li>\nAcanthodoris pilosa var. albescens<\/i> Bergh, 1880<\/span><\/li>\nAcanthodoris pilosa var. pallida<\/i> Bergh, 1905<\/span><\/li>\nAcanthodoris pilosa var. purpurea<\/i> Bergh, 1880<\/span><\/li>\nAcanthodoris pilosa var. zealandiae<\/i> Bergh, 1905<\/span><\/li>\nAcanthodoris subquadrata<\/i> (Alder & Hancock, 1845)<\/span><\/li>\nDoris bifida<\/i> Verrill, 1870<\/span><\/li>\nDoris flemingi<\/i> Forbes, 1838<\/span><\/li>\nDoris flemingii<\/i> Forbes, 1838<\/span><\/li>\nDoris laevis<\/i> Gray M.E., 1850<\/span><\/li>\nDoris nigricans<\/i> Fleming, 1820<\/span><\/li>\nDoris pilosa<\/i> Abildgaard in M\u00fcller, 1789 (original)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\nDoris quadrangulata<\/i> Jeffreys, 1869<\/span><\/li>\nDoris rocinela<\/i> Leach, 1852<\/span><\/li>\nDoris similis<\/i> Alder & Hancock, 1842<\/span><\/li>\nDoris stellata<\/i> Gmelin, 1791<\/span><\/li>\nDoris sublaevis<\/i> Thompson, 1840<\/span><\/li>\nDoris subquadrata<\/i> Alder & Hancock, 1845<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nDescription\n<\/strong>Body usually measures about 40mm long, with a maximum recorded length of 55mm. The mantle completely covers the body, shaped like a dome. Body color is variable, and could be white, pale grey, yellow, brown or black. The light colored specimens, specially the juveniles, may have darker spots or freckles, and their internal organs can be seen by transparency. The mantle is heavily spiculated with long, thin, radially arranged spicules that make it soft to touch. It is also covered of soft, tall, conical tubercles that give it the characteristic pilose look, but these tubercles could be contracted making identification more difficult. The foot is translucent white, occasionally with dark spots on the sole, the upper side is freckled as the mantle. The foot is both anteriorly and posteriorly rounded, internal organs can be seen by transparency in the centre, and it protrudes beyond the mantle when the animal moves. The head has narrow oral veil that forms two blunt, rounded oral tentacles at the sides. It has long rhinophores, usually\u00a0bent back and outwards, with a smooth stem and 10-24 lamellae (numbers increase with specimen size) in its distal portion, and a nipple on the tip. They emerge from low pallial sheaths with crenulated rims and share the same colour of the mantle, but the lamellae that could be frequently\u00a0yellowish and occasionally bright orange. There are nine relatively big tripinnate gills of the same colour of the mantle, often with white axis and some white on the leaves, that are located around the anus, in the back of the dorsum.<\/p>\nBiology\n<\/strong>It is found from the surface down to 170 m depth. It usually feeds on encrusting polyzoans of the genus Alcyonidium<\/em>, also found on Flustrellidra hispida<\/em>. It reaches maturity at 8mm long (Miller, 1958), and the spawn is a convoluted ribbon of white eggs of\u00a064-76 microns in diameter, forming a two turns spiral, attached to the substrate by one edge. The gill leaves and could be retracted independently under the mantle if the animal is disturbed.<\/p>\nEtymology<\/strong><\/p>\n\nAcanthodoris<\/em>. From\u00a0Greek “akantha”, thorn, spine\u00a0+ “Doris”, a sea nymph in Greek mythology, wife of Nereus, nymph of the waters and mother of Nereids.<\/li>\nPilosa<\/em>. From Latin “pilosus”, hairy, shaggy, covered with hair.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nDistribution\n<\/strong>There are reports from the Arctic Ocean (Faeroes and Iceland) down to Morocco, it is common around the British Islands and in both sides of the North Sea. It is present in both Northern American shores, from Greenland to Virginia in the Atlantic, and from Alaska to Vancouver in the Pacific.\u00a0Acanthodoris pilosa<\/em>\u00a0is considered “dubia” in the Mediterranean. Considered common in Palermo, Italy by Philippi (1836) (as Doris stellata<\/em> Gmelin in Linnaeus, 1791 fide Thompson and Brown, 1984), in fact this species has only been reported in the Mediterranean by Forbes (1844) for the Aegean Sea (Cattaneo-Vietti & Chemello, 1987).\n<\/div>\n
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Classification provided by the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). [140627<\/a>]<\/p><\/div>Synonyms<\/strong><\/p>\n\nAcanthodoris citrina<\/i> Verrill, 1879<\/span><\/li>\nAcanthodoris ornata<\/i> Verrill, 1879<\/span><\/li>\nAcanthodoris pallida<\/i> Bergh, 1905<\/span><\/li>\nAcanthodoris pilosa var. albescens<\/i> Bergh, 1880<\/span><\/li>\nAcanthodoris pilosa var. pallida<\/i> Bergh, 1905<\/span><\/li>\nAcanthodoris pilosa var. purpurea<\/i> Bergh, 1880<\/span><\/li>\nAcanthodoris pilosa var. zealandiae<\/i> Bergh, 1905<\/span><\/li>\nAcanthodoris subquadrata<\/i> (Alder & Hancock, 1845)<\/span><\/li>\nDoris bifida<\/i> Verrill, 1870<\/span><\/li>\nDoris flemingi<\/i> Forbes, 1838<\/span><\/li>\nDoris flemingii<\/i> Forbes, 1838<\/span><\/li>\nDoris laevis<\/i> Gray M.E., 1850<\/span><\/li>\nDoris nigricans<\/i> Fleming, 1820<\/span><\/li>\nDoris pilosa<\/i> Abildgaard in M\u00fcller, 1789 (original)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\nDoris quadrangulata<\/i> Jeffreys, 1869<\/span><\/li>\nDoris rocinela<\/i> Leach, 1852<\/span><\/li>\nDoris similis<\/i> Alder & Hancock, 1842<\/span><\/li>\nDoris stellata<\/i> Gmelin, 1791<\/span><\/li>\nDoris sublaevis<\/i> Thompson, 1840<\/span><\/li>\nDoris subquadrata<\/i> Alder & Hancock, 1845<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nDescription\n<\/strong>Body usually measures about 40mm long, with a maximum recorded length of 55mm. The mantle completely covers the body, shaped like a dome. Body color is variable, and could be white, pale grey, yellow, brown or black. The light colored specimens, specially the juveniles, may have darker spots or freckles, and their internal organs can be seen by transparency. The mantle is heavily spiculated with long, thin, radially arranged spicules that make it soft to touch. It is also covered of soft, tall, conical tubercles that give it the characteristic pilose look, but these tubercles could be contracted making identification more difficult. The foot is translucent white, occasionally with dark spots on the sole, the upper side is freckled as the mantle. The foot is both anteriorly and posteriorly rounded, internal organs can be seen by transparency in the centre, and it protrudes beyond the mantle when the animal moves. The head has narrow oral veil that forms two blunt, rounded oral tentacles at the sides. It has long rhinophores, usually\u00a0bent back and outwards, with a smooth stem and 10-24 lamellae (numbers increase with specimen size) in its distal portion, and a nipple on the tip. They emerge from low pallial sheaths with crenulated rims and share the same colour of the mantle, but the lamellae that could be frequently\u00a0yellowish and occasionally bright orange. There are nine relatively big tripinnate gills of the same colour of the mantle, often with white axis and some white on the leaves, that are located around the anus, in the back of the dorsum.<\/p>\nBiology\n<\/strong>It is found from the surface down to 170 m depth. It usually feeds on encrusting polyzoans of the genus Alcyonidium<\/em>, also found on Flustrellidra hispida<\/em>. It reaches maturity at 8mm long (Miller, 1958), and the spawn is a convoluted ribbon of white eggs of\u00a064-76 microns in diameter, forming a two turns spiral, attached to the substrate by one edge. The gill leaves and could be retracted independently under the mantle if the animal is disturbed.<\/p>\nEtymology<\/strong><\/p>\n\nAcanthodoris<\/em>. From\u00a0Greek “akantha”, thorn, spine\u00a0+ “Doris”, a sea nymph in Greek mythology, wife of Nereus, nymph of the waters and mother of Nereids.<\/li>\nPilosa<\/em>. From Latin “pilosus”, hairy, shaggy, covered with hair.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nDistribution\n<\/strong>There are reports from the Arctic Ocean (Faeroes and Iceland) down to Morocco, it is common around the British Islands and in both sides of the North Sea. It is present in both Northern American shores, from Greenland to Virginia in the Atlantic, and from Alaska to Vancouver in the Pacific.\u00a0Acanthodoris pilosa<\/em>\u00a0is considered “dubia” in the Mediterranean. Considered common in Palermo, Italy by Philippi (1836) (as Doris stellata<\/em> Gmelin in Linnaeus, 1791 fide Thompson and Brown, 1984), in fact this species has only been reported in the Mediterranean by Forbes (1844) for the Aegean Sea (Cattaneo-Vietti & Chemello, 1987).\n<\/div>\n
Description\n<\/strong>Body usually measures about 40mm long, with a maximum recorded length of 55mm. The mantle completely covers the body, shaped like a dome. Body color is variable, and could be white, pale grey, yellow, brown or black. The light colored specimens, specially the juveniles, may have darker spots or freckles, and their internal organs can be seen by transparency. The mantle is heavily spiculated with long, thin, radially arranged spicules that make it soft to touch. It is also covered of soft, tall, conical tubercles that give it the characteristic pilose look, but these tubercles could be contracted making identification more difficult. The foot is translucent white, occasionally with dark spots on the sole, the upper side is freckled as the mantle. The foot is both anteriorly and posteriorly rounded, internal organs can be seen by transparency in the centre, and it protrudes beyond the mantle when the animal moves. The head has narrow oral veil that forms two blunt, rounded oral tentacles at the sides. It has long rhinophores, usually\u00a0bent back and outwards, with a smooth stem and 10-24 lamellae (numbers increase with specimen size) in its distal portion, and a nipple on the tip. They emerge from low pallial sheaths with crenulated rims and share the same colour of the mantle, but the lamellae that could be frequently\u00a0yellowish and occasionally bright orange. There are nine relatively big tripinnate gills of the same colour of the mantle, often with white axis and some white on the leaves, that are located around the anus, in the back of the dorsum.<\/p>\nBiology\n<\/strong>It is found from the surface down to 170 m depth. It usually feeds on encrusting polyzoans of the genus Alcyonidium<\/em>, also found on Flustrellidra hispida<\/em>. It reaches maturity at 8mm long (Miller, 1958), and the spawn is a convoluted ribbon of white eggs of\u00a064-76 microns in diameter, forming a two turns spiral, attached to the substrate by one edge. The gill leaves and could be retracted independently under the mantle if the animal is disturbed.<\/p>\nEtymology<\/strong><\/p>\n\nAcanthodoris<\/em>. From\u00a0Greek “akantha”, thorn, spine\u00a0+ “Doris”, a sea nymph in Greek mythology, wife of Nereus, nymph of the waters and mother of Nereids.<\/li>\nPilosa<\/em>. From Latin “pilosus”, hairy, shaggy, covered with hair.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nDistribution\n<\/strong>There are reports from the Arctic Ocean (Faeroes and Iceland) down to Morocco, it is common around the British Islands and in both sides of the North Sea. It is present in both Northern American shores, from Greenland to Virginia in the Atlantic, and from Alaska to Vancouver in the Pacific.\u00a0Acanthodoris pilosa<\/em>\u00a0is considered “dubia” in the Mediterranean. Considered common in Palermo, Italy by Philippi (1836) (as Doris stellata<\/em> Gmelin in Linnaeus, 1791 fide Thompson and Brown, 1984), in fact this species has only been reported in the Mediterranean by Forbes (1844) for the Aegean Sea (Cattaneo-Vietti & Chemello, 1987).\n<\/div>\n
Biology\n<\/strong>It is found from the surface down to 170 m depth. It usually feeds on encrusting polyzoans of the genus Alcyonidium<\/em>, also found on Flustrellidra hispida<\/em>. It reaches maturity at 8mm long (Miller, 1958), and the spawn is a convoluted ribbon of white eggs of\u00a064-76 microns in diameter, forming a two turns spiral, attached to the substrate by one edge. The gill leaves and could be retracted independently under the mantle if the animal is disturbed.<\/p>\nEtymology<\/strong><\/p>\n\nAcanthodoris<\/em>. From\u00a0Greek “akantha”, thorn, spine\u00a0+ “Doris”, a sea nymph in Greek mythology, wife of Nereus, nymph of the waters and mother of Nereids.<\/li>\nPilosa<\/em>. From Latin “pilosus”, hairy, shaggy, covered with hair.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nDistribution\n<\/strong>There are reports from the Arctic Ocean (Faeroes and Iceland) down to Morocco, it is common around the British Islands and in both sides of the North Sea. It is present in both Northern American shores, from Greenland to Virginia in the Atlantic, and from Alaska to Vancouver in the Pacific.\u00a0Acanthodoris pilosa<\/em>\u00a0is considered “dubia” in the Mediterranean. Considered common in Palermo, Italy by Philippi (1836) (as Doris stellata<\/em> Gmelin in Linnaeus, 1791 fide Thompson and Brown, 1984), in fact this species has only been reported in the Mediterranean by Forbes (1844) for the Aegean Sea (Cattaneo-Vietti & Chemello, 1987).\n<\/div>\n
Etymology<\/strong><\/p>\n\nAcanthodoris<\/em>. From\u00a0Greek “akantha”, thorn, spine\u00a0+ “Doris”, a sea nymph in Greek mythology, wife of Nereus, nymph of the waters and mother of Nereids.<\/li>\nPilosa<\/em>. From Latin “pilosus”, hairy, shaggy, covered with hair.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nDistribution\n<\/strong>There are reports from the Arctic Ocean (Faeroes and Iceland) down to Morocco, it is common around the British Islands and in both sides of the North Sea. It is present in both Northern American shores, from Greenland to Virginia in the Atlantic, and from Alaska to Vancouver in the Pacific.\u00a0Acanthodoris pilosa<\/em>\u00a0is considered “dubia” in the Mediterranean. Considered common in Palermo, Italy by Philippi (1836) (as Doris stellata<\/em> Gmelin in Linnaeus, 1791 fide Thompson and Brown, 1984), in fact this species has only been reported in the Mediterranean by Forbes (1844) for the Aegean Sea (Cattaneo-Vietti & Chemello, 1987).\n<\/div>\n
Distribution\n<\/strong>There are reports from the Arctic Ocean (Faeroes and Iceland) down to Morocco, it is common around the British Islands and in both sides of the North Sea. It is present in both Northern American shores, from Greenland to Virginia in the Atlantic, and from Alaska to Vancouver in the Pacific.\u00a0Acanthodoris pilosa<\/em>\u00a0is considered “dubia” in the Mediterranean. Considered common in Palermo, Italy by Philippi (1836) (as Doris stellata<\/em> Gmelin in Linnaeus, 1791 fide Thompson and Brown, 1984), in fact this species has only been reported in the Mediterranean by Forbes (1844) for the Aegean Sea (Cattaneo-Vietti & Chemello, 1987).\n<\/div>\n
![\"Acanthodoris](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/th_Acanthodoris-pilosa-Sweden.jpg?w=900&ssl=1\")
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