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<\/div>Caloria militaris @ Hoi Ha Wan Marine Park, Hong Kong (6m) 20\u00b0C, 17-04-2016<\/em> by Markus Rummel<\/center><\/span><\/p>WoRMS Taxonomic Information<\/h3>Current accepted name: Caloria militaris<\/em> (Alder & Hancock, 1864)<\/strong><\/div>Current classification<\/h4>Superdomain<\/th>Biota<\/a><\/td><\/tr>Kingdom<\/th>Animalia<\/a><\/td><\/tr>Phylum<\/th>Mollusca<\/a><\/td><\/tr>Class<\/th>Gastropoda<\/a><\/td><\/tr>Subclass<\/th>Heterobranchia<\/a><\/td><\/tr>Infraclass<\/th>Euthyneura<\/a><\/td><\/tr>Subterclass<\/th>Ringipleura<\/a><\/td><\/tr>Superorder<\/th>Nudipleura<\/a><\/td><\/tr>Order<\/th>Nudibranchia<\/a><\/td><\/tr>Suborder<\/th>Aeolidina<\/a><\/td><\/tr>Superfamily<\/th>Aeolidioidea<\/a><\/td><\/tr>Family<\/th>Facelinidae<\/a><\/td><\/tr>Genus<\/th>Caloria<\/em><\/a><\/td><\/tr>Species<\/th>Caloria militaris<\/em> (Alder & Hancock, 1864)<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/table>Classification provided by the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). [872548<\/a>]<\/p><\/div>Taxonomic note<\/strong>: Gosliner (1980) in his systematic revision of the Aeolidiacea reclassified Phidiana militaris<\/em> as Caloria militaris<\/em>\u00a0based on detailed morphological analyses that revealed closer affinities between P. militaris<\/em> and species within the genus Caloria<\/em>, such as rhinophoral structure, ceratal arrangement in rows, and radular morphology. Despite this publication from 1980, this species was considered within the genus Phidiana<\/em> until the book by Gosliner et al (2023) on Southern African sea slugs, where the reclassification as Caloria<\/em> is enforced as the last proposed genus for the species.<\/p>\nSynonyms<\/strong><\/p>\n\nPhidiana militaris<\/i> (Alder & Hancock, 1864)<\/span><\/li>\nEolis militaris<\/i> Alder & Hancock, 1864 (original)<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\nHervia dangeri<\/i> Risbec, 1953<\/span><\/li>\nLearchis howensis<\/i> Burn, 1966<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nDescription\n<\/strong>With a maximum length of 30mm (Debelius, 2001), it has\u00a0an elongate pale flesh or white body terminating behind in a slender tappered tail considerably behind the cerata.\u00a0A\u00a0bright orange median line on the head forks anteriorly, with a branch running up the frontal\u00a0edge of each oral tentacle. Another orange line runs along the posterior edge of each oral tentacle and then runs along each side of the body below the cerata. The cerata are long and smooth, swelling a little in the centre and grow in six groups on the sides of the body, the last groups almost meeting\u00a0on the back. They are colored brown with a longitudinal orange or red line and with yellowish tips having a bluish line and a terminal tip which is white.\u00a0The oral tentacles are large, stout and tapering, share the color scheme of cerata. Rhinophores and tentacular foot corners are also\u00a0tipped with yellow and there is a broad orange band on the rhinophores. The anus is located on the right side of the body.<\/p>\nBiology\n<\/strong>It feeds on hydroids (George, J.D., 2012). Very similar to Caloria indica,<\/em> they can be distinguished by the line between the rhinophores: Caloria <\/em>indica<\/em> has a white line, Caloria <\/em>militaris<\/em> has an orange or red line.\u00a0Opioid ligands such a “phidianidines” have been obtained from this species (Baker, 2016) for a medical use, although it was later found that they could be easily synthethised.<\/p>\nEtymology<\/strong><\/p>\n\nCaloria<\/em>, in honor to the professor Luigi Calori (1807-1896), President of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Bologna (Italy).<\/li>\nMilitaris<\/em>, from Latin, meaning\u00a0military man,\u00a0soldier or warrior, probably related to the orange pattern\u00a0of the body.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nDistribution\n<\/strong>Native to\u00a0the Indo-Pacific. Originally described from India, it has also been reported from the United Arab Emirates, Sri Lanka, Brunei, Malaysia, Thailand,\u00a0Hong Kong and Northern Australia. A report on the\u00a0Scir\u00e8 U-boat shipwreck<\/a>, in the Haifa bay, northern Israel, in october 2016 is probably the first cite for the Mediterranean Sea, where it is an alien species. <\/div>\n
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Classification provided by the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). [872548<\/a>]<\/p><\/div>Taxonomic note<\/strong>: Gosliner (1980) in his systematic revision of the Aeolidiacea reclassified Phidiana militaris<\/em> as Caloria militaris<\/em>\u00a0based on detailed morphological analyses that revealed closer affinities between P. militaris<\/em> and species within the genus Caloria<\/em>, such as rhinophoral structure, ceratal arrangement in rows, and radular morphology. Despite this publication from 1980, this species was considered within the genus Phidiana<\/em> until the book by Gosliner et al (2023) on Southern African sea slugs, where the reclassification as Caloria<\/em> is enforced as the last proposed genus for the species.<\/p>\nSynonyms<\/strong><\/p>\n\nPhidiana militaris<\/i> (Alder & Hancock, 1864)<\/span><\/li>\nEolis militaris<\/i> Alder & Hancock, 1864 (original)<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\nHervia dangeri<\/i> Risbec, 1953<\/span><\/li>\nLearchis howensis<\/i> Burn, 1966<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nDescription\n<\/strong>With a maximum length of 30mm (Debelius, 2001), it has\u00a0an elongate pale flesh or white body terminating behind in a slender tappered tail considerably behind the cerata.\u00a0A\u00a0bright orange median line on the head forks anteriorly, with a branch running up the frontal\u00a0edge of each oral tentacle. Another orange line runs along the posterior edge of each oral tentacle and then runs along each side of the body below the cerata. The cerata are long and smooth, swelling a little in the centre and grow in six groups on the sides of the body, the last groups almost meeting\u00a0on the back. They are colored brown with a longitudinal orange or red line and with yellowish tips having a bluish line and a terminal tip which is white.\u00a0The oral tentacles are large, stout and tapering, share the color scheme of cerata. Rhinophores and tentacular foot corners are also\u00a0tipped with yellow and there is a broad orange band on the rhinophores. The anus is located on the right side of the body.<\/p>\nBiology\n<\/strong>It feeds on hydroids (George, J.D., 2012). Very similar to Caloria indica,<\/em> they can be distinguished by the line between the rhinophores: Caloria <\/em>indica<\/em> has a white line, Caloria <\/em>militaris<\/em> has an orange or red line.\u00a0Opioid ligands such a “phidianidines” have been obtained from this species (Baker, 2016) for a medical use, although it was later found that they could be easily synthethised.<\/p>\nEtymology<\/strong><\/p>\n\nCaloria<\/em>, in honor to the professor Luigi Calori (1807-1896), President of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Bologna (Italy).<\/li>\nMilitaris<\/em>, from Latin, meaning\u00a0military man,\u00a0soldier or warrior, probably related to the orange pattern\u00a0of the body.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nDistribution\n<\/strong>Native to\u00a0the Indo-Pacific. Originally described from India, it has also been reported from the United Arab Emirates, Sri Lanka, Brunei, Malaysia, Thailand,\u00a0Hong Kong and Northern Australia. A report on the\u00a0Scir\u00e8 U-boat shipwreck<\/a>, in the Haifa bay, northern Israel, in october 2016 is probably the first cite for the Mediterranean Sea, where it is an alien species. <\/div>\n
Synonyms<\/strong><\/p>\n\nPhidiana militaris<\/i> (Alder & Hancock, 1864)<\/span><\/li>\nEolis militaris<\/i> Alder & Hancock, 1864 (original)<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\nHervia dangeri<\/i> Risbec, 1953<\/span><\/li>\nLearchis howensis<\/i> Burn, 1966<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nDescription\n<\/strong>With a maximum length of 30mm (Debelius, 2001), it has\u00a0an elongate pale flesh or white body terminating behind in a slender tappered tail considerably behind the cerata.\u00a0A\u00a0bright orange median line on the head forks anteriorly, with a branch running up the frontal\u00a0edge of each oral tentacle. Another orange line runs along the posterior edge of each oral tentacle and then runs along each side of the body below the cerata. The cerata are long and smooth, swelling a little in the centre and grow in six groups on the sides of the body, the last groups almost meeting\u00a0on the back. They are colored brown with a longitudinal orange or red line and with yellowish tips having a bluish line and a terminal tip which is white.\u00a0The oral tentacles are large, stout and tapering, share the color scheme of cerata. Rhinophores and tentacular foot corners are also\u00a0tipped with yellow and there is a broad orange band on the rhinophores. The anus is located on the right side of the body.<\/p>\nBiology\n<\/strong>It feeds on hydroids (George, J.D., 2012). Very similar to Caloria indica,<\/em> they can be distinguished by the line between the rhinophores: Caloria <\/em>indica<\/em> has a white line, Caloria <\/em>militaris<\/em> has an orange or red line.\u00a0Opioid ligands such a “phidianidines” have been obtained from this species (Baker, 2016) for a medical use, although it was later found that they could be easily synthethised.<\/p>\nEtymology<\/strong><\/p>\n\nCaloria<\/em>, in honor to the professor Luigi Calori (1807-1896), President of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Bologna (Italy).<\/li>\nMilitaris<\/em>, from Latin, meaning\u00a0military man,\u00a0soldier or warrior, probably related to the orange pattern\u00a0of the body.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nDistribution\n<\/strong>Native to\u00a0the Indo-Pacific. Originally described from India, it has also been reported from the United Arab Emirates, Sri Lanka, Brunei, Malaysia, Thailand,\u00a0Hong Kong and Northern Australia. A report on the\u00a0Scir\u00e8 U-boat shipwreck<\/a>, in the Haifa bay, northern Israel, in october 2016 is probably the first cite for the Mediterranean Sea, where it is an alien species. <\/div>\n
Description\n<\/strong>With a maximum length of 30mm (Debelius, 2001), it has\u00a0an elongate pale flesh or white body terminating behind in a slender tappered tail considerably behind the cerata.\u00a0A\u00a0bright orange median line on the head forks anteriorly, with a branch running up the frontal\u00a0edge of each oral tentacle. Another orange line runs along the posterior edge of each oral tentacle and then runs along each side of the body below the cerata. The cerata are long and smooth, swelling a little in the centre and grow in six groups on the sides of the body, the last groups almost meeting\u00a0on the back. They are colored brown with a longitudinal orange or red line and with yellowish tips having a bluish line and a terminal tip which is white.\u00a0The oral tentacles are large, stout and tapering, share the color scheme of cerata. Rhinophores and tentacular foot corners are also\u00a0tipped with yellow and there is a broad orange band on the rhinophores. The anus is located on the right side of the body.<\/p>\nBiology\n<\/strong>It feeds on hydroids (George, J.D., 2012). Very similar to Caloria indica,<\/em> they can be distinguished by the line between the rhinophores: Caloria <\/em>indica<\/em> has a white line, Caloria <\/em>militaris<\/em> has an orange or red line.\u00a0Opioid ligands such a “phidianidines” have been obtained from this species (Baker, 2016) for a medical use, although it was later found that they could be easily synthethised.<\/p>\nEtymology<\/strong><\/p>\n\nCaloria<\/em>, in honor to the professor Luigi Calori (1807-1896), President of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Bologna (Italy).<\/li>\nMilitaris<\/em>, from Latin, meaning\u00a0military man,\u00a0soldier or warrior, probably related to the orange pattern\u00a0of the body.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nDistribution\n<\/strong>Native to\u00a0the Indo-Pacific. Originally described from India, it has also been reported from the United Arab Emirates, Sri Lanka, Brunei, Malaysia, Thailand,\u00a0Hong Kong and Northern Australia. A report on the\u00a0Scir\u00e8 U-boat shipwreck<\/a>, in the Haifa bay, northern Israel, in october 2016 is probably the first cite for the Mediterranean Sea, where it is an alien species. <\/div>\n
Biology\n<\/strong>It feeds on hydroids (George, J.D., 2012). Very similar to Caloria indica,<\/em> they can be distinguished by the line between the rhinophores: Caloria <\/em>indica<\/em> has a white line, Caloria <\/em>militaris<\/em> has an orange or red line.\u00a0Opioid ligands such a “phidianidines” have been obtained from this species (Baker, 2016) for a medical use, although it was later found that they could be easily synthethised.<\/p>\nEtymology<\/strong><\/p>\n\nCaloria<\/em>, in honor to the professor Luigi Calori (1807-1896), President of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Bologna (Italy).<\/li>\nMilitaris<\/em>, from Latin, meaning\u00a0military man,\u00a0soldier or warrior, probably related to the orange pattern\u00a0of the body.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nDistribution\n<\/strong>Native to\u00a0the Indo-Pacific. Originally described from India, it has also been reported from the United Arab Emirates, Sri Lanka, Brunei, Malaysia, Thailand,\u00a0Hong Kong and Northern Australia. A report on the\u00a0Scir\u00e8 U-boat shipwreck<\/a>, in the Haifa bay, northern Israel, in october 2016 is probably the first cite for the Mediterranean Sea, where it is an alien species. <\/div>\n
Etymology<\/strong><\/p>\n\nCaloria<\/em>, in honor to the professor Luigi Calori (1807-1896), President of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Bologna (Italy).<\/li>\nMilitaris<\/em>, from Latin, meaning\u00a0military man,\u00a0soldier or warrior, probably related to the orange pattern\u00a0of the body.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nDistribution\n<\/strong>Native to\u00a0the Indo-Pacific. Originally described from India, it has also been reported from the United Arab Emirates, Sri Lanka, Brunei, Malaysia, Thailand,\u00a0Hong Kong and Northern Australia. A report on the\u00a0Scir\u00e8 U-boat shipwreck<\/a>, in the Haifa bay, northern Israel, in october 2016 is probably the first cite for the Mediterranean Sea, where it is an alien species. <\/div>\n
Distribution\n<\/strong>Native to\u00a0the Indo-Pacific. Originally described from India, it has also been reported from the United Arab Emirates, Sri Lanka, Brunei, Malaysia, Thailand,\u00a0Hong Kong and Northern Australia. A report on the\u00a0Scir\u00e8 U-boat shipwreck<\/a>, in the Haifa bay, northern Israel, in october 2016 is probably the first cite for the Mediterranean Sea, where it is an alien species. <\/div>\n
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