{"id":2310,"date":"2012-09-19T13:13:05","date_gmt":"2012-09-19T11:13:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/runcina-avellanaruncina-avellanaruncina-avellana"},"modified":"2023-10-24T22:22:52","modified_gmt":"2023-10-24T20:22:52","slug":"runcina-avellana","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/runcinoidea\/runcina-avellana\/","title":{"rendered":"Runcina avellana"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<h3><em>Runcina\u00a0<\/em><em>avellana<\/em>\u00a0 Schmekel &amp; Cappellato, 2001<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size:10pt;\" class=\"aligncenter\"><div id=\"featured-img-id\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/Runcina-avellana-by-Enric-Madrenas.jpg?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Runcina avellana by Enric Madrenas\" \/><\/div><center><em>Runcina avellana<\/em> by Enric Madrenas<\/center><\/span><p><\/p><div class=\"opk-worms\"><h3>WoRMS Taxonomic Information<\/h3><div class=\"opk-alert\">The requested name Runcina avellana is not currently accepted (unaccepted).<br>Current accepted name: <strong><em>Pseudoilbia avellana<\/em> Schmekel &amp; Cappellato, 2001<\/strong><\/div><h4>Current classification<\/h4><table class=\"widefat striped\"><tr><th>Superdomain<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1\">Biota<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Kingdom<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=2\">Animalia<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Phylum<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=51\">Mollusca<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Class<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=101\">Gastropoda<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Subclass<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=14712\">Heterobranchia<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Infraclass<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1057247\">Euthyneura<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Subterclass<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1057250\">Tectipleura<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Order<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1059014\">Runcinida<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Superfamily<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=411898\">Runcinoidea<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Family<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1751\">Runcinidae<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Genus<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=537067\"><em>Pseudoilbia<\/em><\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Species<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=744313\"><em>Pseudoilbia avellana<\/em> Schmekel &amp; Cappellato, 2001<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/table><p class=\"footer\">Classification provided by the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). [<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=744313\">744313<\/a>]<\/p><\/div><strong>Taxonomic note<\/strong>: In the description of the species by Schmekel &amp; Capellato (2001), authors referred to a single anatomically studied specimen, 1.2 mm long when alive, as having a radular formula of 3 x 1.0.1, which is considered by the authors as the rudimentary radula of a juvenile. They found no internal shell nor could recover any gastric plates after treating the sample with NaOH. These features induced Ortea (2013) to propose the provisional inclusion of this species in the genus <em>Pseudoilbia<\/em> within the Ilbidae family, including species of the genus\u00a0<em>Ilbia<\/em> Burn, 1963 and <em>Pseudoilbia<\/em> Miller &amp; Rudman, 1968 with no gastric plates within their digestive tract and the second genus also without spinal tooth. Specimens studied by Araujo et al (2022) were characterized by features consistent with the original description of <em>R. avellana<\/em> (<em>sensu<\/em> Schmekel &amp; Cappellato, 2001), like the shape of the body, presence of a round brownish mark on the centre of tail, general colour pattern, absence of gizzard plates and presence of gills, specimens collected at Roses (Spain) about 45 km from the type locality, and clustered in the phylogenetic analyses among species of the genus <em>Runcina<\/em>, questioning the assignment by Ortea (2013). Moreover, the lack of rachidian teeth in <em>R. avellana<\/em> reported by Schmekel &amp; Cappellato (2001) might be an artefact since only one apparently juvenile specimen was studied by these authors. Unfortunately, Araujo et al (2022) were not successful on obtaining the radula for study so, in the meantime, at<span style=\"font-family: Ubuntu;\">\u00a0OPK we prefer\u00a0to keep the species <\/span><em>R.avellana<\/em><span style=\"font-family: Ubuntu;\"> within the genus <\/span><em>Runcina<\/em><span style=\"font-family: Ubuntu;\"> until further studies of other specimens that may appear in future allow confirmation of the inclusion in one or another genus.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Synonyms<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><i>Pseudoilbia avellana<\/i> Schmekel &amp; Cappellato, 2001<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Description<br \/>\n<\/strong>This species is about 2 mm long and has a clearly elongated body. The anterior notum is somewhat narrower than the foot and does not have any cephalic lobes while the rear end has an oval contour. The foot has the same width as the notum except in the front, where it protrudes slightly at the sides of the head region, and the rear, where it forms a short, rounded tail. The coloration is uniform chocolate brown except the anterior and lateral regions of the head, some areas of the edge of notum, foot and tail, which are semitransparent and lighter coloured. The eyes are clearly visible and are located near the side edges of the head region, on the lighter coloured area. The edge of the foot has small brown spots along its length and the tail has a larger spot of the same color, shaped like an inverted &#8220;Y&#8221;. Schmekel &amp; Capellato (2001) state that the specimens had a single rounded branchial leaf.<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Biology<br \/>\n<\/strong>This little-known species are known to live in <em>Posidonia oceanica<\/em> rhizomes, like other species of the same genus, and it has also appeared among masses of algae like <em>Codium vermilara<\/em> (personal communication of E. Madrenas).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Runcina<\/em>. The Latin word for carpenter&#8217;s plane, a tool used to smooth the surface of the wood.<\/li>\n<li><em>Avellana<\/em>. This\u00a0is related to the city of Avellino (Campania, Italy) which was called &#8220;Abella&#8221; during the Roman domination, and was known for their\u00a0hazel plantations, whose fruit was called &#8220;nux avellana&#8221;, Abella nut. The fruit of the hazel was also known in ancient Castilian as &#8220;avellina&#8221;. Refers to the chocolate brown colour of this opisthobranch&#8217;s body, similar to hazelnut.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Distribution<br \/>\n<\/strong>To date, <em>R. avellana<\/em> was only known from the town of Banyuls-sur-mer on the French coast of the western Mediterranean, thanks to the collection of 3 live specimens of 1, 1.2 and 1.5 mm in length. 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description\"> Runcina avellana by Enric Madrenas <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-3\" style=\"width: 383px; height: 773px;\" data-original-width=\"383\" data-original-height=\"773\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/runcinoidea\/runcina-avellana\/runcina-avellana-05\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"379\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"253\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"13951\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/Runcina-avellana-05.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"800,534\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Runcina avellana by Enric Madrenas\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Runcina avellana by Enric Madrenas&lt;\/p&gt; \" 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alt=\"Runcina avellana by Enric Madrenas\" style=\"width: 379px; height: 253px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Runcina avellana by Enric Madrenas <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/runcinoidea\/runcina-avellana\/runcina-avellana-37-ana-karla-es-caials-cadaques\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"379\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"254\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"23485\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/Runcina-avellana-37-Ana-Karla-Es-Caials-Cadaqu\u00e9s.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"810,543\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Runcina avellana @ Es Caials, Cadaqu\u00e9s, Spain by Enric Madrenas\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Runcina avellana @ Es Caials, Cadaqu\u00e9s, Spain by Enric Madrenas&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/Runcina-avellana-37-Ana-Karla-Es-Caials-Cadaqu%C3%A9s.jpg?fit=300%2C201&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/Runcina-avellana-37-Ana-Karla-Es-Caials-Cadaqu%C3%A9s.jpg?fit=810%2C543&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/Runcina-avellana-37-Ana-Karla-Es-Caials-Cadaqu%C3%A9s.jpg?w=379&#038;h=254&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"379\" height=\"254\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"379\" data-original-height=\"254\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Runcina avellana @ Es Caials, Cadaqu\u00e9s, Spain by Enric Madrenas\" alt=\"Runcina avellana @ Es Caials, Cadaqu\u00e9s, Spain by Enric Madrenas\" style=\"width: 379px; height: 254px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Runcina avellana @ Es Caials, Cadaqu\u00e9s, Spain by Enric Madrenas <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/runcinoidea\/runcina-avellana\/runcina-avellana-10\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"379\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"254\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"23486\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/Runcina-avellana-10.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"808,542\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Runcina avellana by Enric Madrenas\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Runcina avellana by Enric Madrenas&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/Runcina-avellana-10.jpg?fit=300%2C201&#038;ssl=1\" 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description\"> Runcina avellana by Enric Madrenas <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 900px; height: 635px;\" data-original-width=\"900\" data-original-height=\"635\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-2\" style=\"width: 472px; height: 635px;\" data-original-width=\"472\" data-original-height=\"635\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/runcinoidea\/runcina-avellana\/runcina-avellana-28\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"468\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"313\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"23487\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/Runcina-avellana-28.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"808,541\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Runcina avellana by Enric Madrenas\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Runcina avellana by Enric Madrenas&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/Runcina-avellana-28.jpg?fit=300%2C201&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/Runcina-avellana-28.jpg?fit=808%2C541&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/Runcina-avellana-28.jpg?w=468&#038;h=313&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/Runcina-avellana-28.jpg?w=808&amp;ssl=1 808w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/Runcina-avellana-28.jpg?resize=150%2C100&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/Runcina-avellana-28.jpg?resize=300%2C201&amp;ssl=1 300w\" width=\"468\" height=\"313\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"468\" data-original-height=\"313\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Runcina avellana by Enric Madrenas\" alt=\"Runcina avellana by Enric Madrenas\" style=\"width: 468px; height: 313px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Runcina avellana by Enric Madrenas <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/runcinoidea\/runcina-avellana\/runcina-avellana-35-ana-karla-caleta-de-palamos\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"468\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"314\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"23488\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/Runcina-avellana-35-Ana-Karla-caleta-de-Palam\u00f3s.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"810,543\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Runcina avellana @ Caleta (Palam\u00f3s, Spain) by Enric Madrenas\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Runcina avellana @ Caleta (Palam\u00f3s, Spain) by Enric Madrenas&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/Runcina-avellana-35-Ana-Karla-caleta-de-Palam%C3%B3s.jpg?fit=300%2C201&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/Runcina-avellana-35-Ana-Karla-caleta-de-Palam%C3%B3s.jpg?fit=810%2C543&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/Runcina-avellana-35-Ana-Karla-caleta-de-Palam%C3%B3s.jpg?w=468&#038;h=314&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"468\" height=\"314\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"468\" data-original-height=\"314\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Runcina avellana @ Caleta (Palam\u00f3s, Spain) by Enric Madrenas\" alt=\"Runcina avellana @ Caleta (Palam\u00f3s, Spain) by Enric Madrenas\" style=\"width: 468px; height: 314px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Runcina avellana @ Caleta (Palam\u00f3s, Spain) by Enric Madrenas <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 428px; height: 635px;\" data-original-width=\"428\" data-original-height=\"635\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/runcinoidea\/runcina-avellana\/runcina-avellana-36-ana-karla-caleta-de-palamos\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"424\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"631\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"23489\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/Runcina-avellana-36-Ana-Karla-caleta-de-Palam\u00f3s.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"410,610\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Runcina avellana @ Caleta (Palam\u00f3s, Spain) by Enric Madrenas\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Runcina avellana @ Caleta (Palam\u00f3s, Spain) by Enric Madrenas&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/Runcina-avellana-36-Ana-Karla-caleta-de-Palam%C3%B3s.jpg?fit=202%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/Runcina-avellana-36-Ana-Karla-caleta-de-Palam%C3%B3s.jpg?fit=410%2C610&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/Runcina-avellana-36-Ana-Karla-caleta-de-Palam%C3%B3s.jpg?w=424&#038;h=631&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"424\" height=\"631\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"424\" data-original-height=\"631\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Runcina avellana @ Caleta (Palam\u00f3s, Spain) by Enric Madrenas\" alt=\"Runcina avellana @ Caleta (Palam\u00f3s, Spain) by Enric Madrenas\" style=\"width: 424px; height: 631px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Runcina avellana @ Caleta (Palam\u00f3s, Spain) by Enric Madrenas <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <\/div><\/p>\n<p><p><strong>Bibliography<\/strong><\/p><ul><div id=\"zotpress-42f77908f800a3f71e368a287fca70bf\" class=\"zp-Zotpress zp-Zotpress-Bib wp-block-group\">\n\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_API_USER_ID ZP_ATTR\">1246567<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ITEM_KEY ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_COLLECTION_ID ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TAG_ID ZP_ATTR\">Runcina avellana<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_AUTHOR ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_YEAR ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_ITEMTYPE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_INCLUSIVE ZP_ATTR\">1<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_STYLE 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id=\"zp-ID-2310-1246567-DTQADARL\" data-zp-author-date='Araujo-et-al.-2022' data-zp-date-author='2022-Araujo-et-al.' data-zp-date='2022' data-zp-year='2022' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Araujo, A. K., Pola, M., Malaqu\u00edas, M. A. E., Ballesteros, M., Vitale, F., Cervera, J. L. (2022). Molecular phylogeny of European Runcinida (Gastropoda,\u00a0 Heterobranchia): the discover of an unexpected pool of complex species, with special reference to the case of Runcina coronata. <i>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society<\/i>, <i>194<\/i>(3), 761-788. <a class=&#039;zp-DOIURL&#039; target=&#039;_blank&#039; href=&#039;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlab041&#039;>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlab041<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-2310-1246567-BAE9P36R\" data-zp-author-date='Ballesteros-et-al.-2016' data-zp-date-author='2016-Ballesteros-et-al.' data-zp-date='2016' data-zp-year='2016' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Ballesteros, M., Madrenas, E., Pontes, M. (2016). 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First molecular approach to the study of Mediterranean Runcina Forbes [in Forbes & Hanley], 1851 (Heterobranchia: Runcinacea).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-2310-1246567-3VWGKIQP\" data-zp-author-date='Long-2006' data-zp-date-author='2006-Long' data-zp-date='2006' data-zp-year='2006' data-zp-itemtype='book' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Long, S. J. (2006). <i>Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000. Bayside Books & Press, Tustin, CA, U.S.A. 672p.<\/i><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-2310-1246567-5MFDPG8V\" data-zp-author-date='McDonald-2009' data-zp-date-author='2009-McDonald' data-zp-date='2009' data-zp-year='2009' data-zp-itemtype='webpage' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">McDonald, G. (2009). Bibliographia Nudibranchia. 2nd Online Edition, Annotated. 1072 pp\u00a0 Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz. 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The biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea: estimates, patterns, and threats. <i>PLoS ONE 5(8):36pp.<\/i><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-2310-1246567-7EGYZ8LE\" data-zp-author-date='WoRMS-Editorial-Board-2026' data-zp-date-author='2026-WoRMS-Editorial-Board' data-zp-date='2026' data-zp-year='2026' data-zp-itemtype='webpage' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">WoRMS Editorial Board. (2026). World Register of Marine Species. <i>WoRMS<\/i>. Disponible en: <a class=&#039;zp-ItemURL&#039; target=&#039;_blank&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/www.marinespecies.org&#039;>http:\/\/www.marinespecies.org<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-zp-SEO-Content -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-List -->\n\t<\/div><!--.zp-Zotpress-->\n\n<p><\/p>Bibliography based on the works by <b>Steve Long, 2006<\/b>. <a target=_blank href=https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Long-S.-2006-Bibliography-of-Opisthobranchia-1554-2000.pdf>Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000<\/a> and <b>Gary McDonald, 2009<\/b>. <a href=http:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/8115h0wz>Bibliographia Nudibranchia<\/a>, with later updates from other resources.<p><\/p><\/ul><p><\/p><p><strong>Further reading<\/strong><\/p><span style=\"font-size:10pt\"><ul><ul class=\"blogroll-links\"><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/name\/Runcina%20avellana\">Biodiversity Heritage Library<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/eol.org\/pages\/2978061\/overview\">Encyclopedia of Life<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/search\/?text=Runcina%20avellana\">Flickr pictures<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.irmng.org\/aphia.php?p=taxlist&#038;tName=Runcina%20avellana\">Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/Taxonomy\/Browser\/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&#038;name=Runcina%20avellana&#038;lvl=0&#038;srchmode=1\">NCBI GenBank<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/iobis.org\/mapper\/?taxon=Runcina%20avellana\">OBIS - Search by Taxon<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/ul><\/span><p><strong>Cite this article as: <\/strong><\/p><div style=\"display: block; background: #444444; padding: 10px 30px 10px 10px; border-radius: 5px; line-height: 18px;\"><p class=\"citacio\"><b>Ballesteros, M., Madrenas, E. &#38; Pontes, M.<\/b> (2025) <em>\"Runcina avellana\"<\/em> in <em>OPK-Opistobranquis<\/em>. Published: 19\/09\/2012. Accessed: 29\/09\/2026. Available at (<a href=https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/?p=2310>https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/?p=2310<\/a>)<\/p><p><\/p><\/div><p><\/p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Runcina\u00a0avellana\u00a0 Schmekel &amp; Cappellato, 2001 Taxonomic note: In the description of the species by Schmekel &amp; Capellato (2001), authors referred to a single anatomically studied specimen, 1.2 mm long when alive, as having a radular formula of 3 x 1.0.1, which is considered by the authors as the rudimentary radula of a juvenile. They found no internal shell nor could recover any gastric plates after treating the sample with NaOH.\u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"continue-reading-button\"> <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/runcinoidea\/runcina-avellana\/\">Continue reading<i class=\"crycon-right-dir\"><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":291,"featured_media":23484,"parent":7365,"menu_order":2121,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2310","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2310","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/291"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2310"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2310\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":42271,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2310\/revisions\/42271"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7365"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23484"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2310"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}