{"id":26132,"date":"2018-02-22T16:38:17","date_gmt":"2018-02-22T15:38:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/?page_id=26132"},"modified":"2025-10-29T16:34:20","modified_gmt":"2025-10-29T15:34:20","slug":"oxynooidea","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/sacoglossa\/oxynooidea\/","title":{"rendered":"Oxynooidea"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Oxynooidea form a superfamily of small and medium-sized nudibranches, with external shell, within the superorder Sacoglossa. There are four families of shelled species: Cylindrobullidae, Volvatellidae, Oxynoidae and Juliidae.<\/p>\n<p>Members of the Juliidae are also known as &#8220;bivalved gastropods&#8221; because\u00a0their shells consist of two separate hinged pieces or valves. These valves are joined by a ligament, and do not look like a normal snail shell; instead the valves look almost exactly like the two hinged valves of a clam, also a bivalved mollusk. In the past the Juliidae were known only from fossil shells, but they were classified as a type of mussel, but they are not closely related, it is just a sample of convergent evolution.<\/p>\n<p>The current taxonomy according to Bouchet et al. (2017) and accepted by WoRMS is:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Oxynooidea Stoliczka, 1868 (1847)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cylindrobullidae Thiele, 1931\n<ul>\n<li><em>Cylindrobulla<\/em>\u00a0P. Fischer, 1857<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Juliidae E. A. Smith, 1885\n<ul>\n<li>Bertheliniinae Keen &amp; A. G. Smith, 1961\n<ul>\n<li><em>Edenttellina<\/em>\u00a0Gatliff &amp; Gabriel, 1911<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Juliinae E. A. Smith, 1885\n<ul>\n<li><em>Julia<\/em>\u00a0A. Gould, 1862<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Oxynoidae Stoliczka, 1868 (1847)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Lobiger<\/em>\u00a0Krohn, 1847<\/li>\n<li><em>Oxynoe<\/em>\u00a0Rafinesque, 1814<\/li>\n<li><em>Roburnella<\/em>\u00a0Ev. Marcus, 1982<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Volvatellidae Pilsbry, 1895\n<ul>\n<li><em>Ascobulla<\/em>\u00a0Ev. Marcus, 1972<\/li>\n<li><em>Volvatella<\/em>\u00a0Pease, 1860<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Ubuntu;\">Species of Oxynooidea reported in the Mediterranean or around the Iberian Peninsula:<\/span><\/p>\n\r\n    <div\r\n        class=\"autonav-grid autonav-columns-3\"\r\n    >\r\n\r\n        \r\n            \r\n            <article class=\"autonav-card\">\r\n\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/sacoglossa\/oxynooidea\/ascobulla-fragilis\/\">\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                        <div class=\"autonav-image\">\r\n\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Ascobulla-fragilis-%40-%C4%8Ciovu-Croatia-by-Pero-Ugarkovi%C4%87.jpg?fit=900%2C675&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"autonav-thumb\" alt=\"Ascobulla fragilis @ \u010ciovu, Croatia by Pero Ugarkovi\u0107\" loading=\"lazy\" data-attachment-id=\"28061\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/sacoglossa\/oxynooidea\/ascobulla-fragilis\/ascobulla-fragilis-ciovu-croatia-by-pero-ugarkovic\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Ascobulla-fragilis-%40-%C4%8Ciovu-Croatia-by-Pero-Ugarkovi%C4%87.jpg?fit=2048%2C1536&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2048,1536\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-title=\"Ascobulla fragilis @ \u010ciovu, Croatia by Pero Ugarkovi\u0107\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Ascobulla fragilis @ \u010ciovu, Croatia by Pero Ugarkovi\u0107&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Ascobulla fragilis @ \u010ciovu, Croatia&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Ascobulla-fragilis-%40-%C4%8Ciovu-Croatia-by-Pero-Ugarkovi%C4%87.jpg?fit=900%2C675&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                    <div class=\"autonav-content\">\r\n\r\n                        <h3>\r\n                            Ascobulla fragilis                        <\/h3>\r\n\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <\/a>\r\n\r\n            <\/article>\r\n\r\n        \r\n            \r\n            <article class=\"autonav-card\">\r\n\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/sacoglossa\/oxynooidea\/lobiger-serradifalci\/\">\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                        <div class=\"autonav-image\">\r\n\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"603\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Lobiger-serradifalci-00-1.jpg?fit=900%2C603&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"autonav-thumb\" alt=\"Lobiger serradifalci by Enric Madrenas\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Lobiger-serradifalci-00-1.jpg?w=1034&amp;ssl=1 1034w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Lobiger-serradifalci-00-1.jpg?resize=300%2C201&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Lobiger-serradifalci-00-1.jpg?resize=1024%2C686&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Lobiger-serradifalci-00-1.jpg?resize=150%2C101&amp;ssl=1 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" data-attachment-id=\"34829\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/sacoglossa\/oxynooidea\/lobiger-serradifalci\/lobiger-serradifalci-00-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Lobiger-serradifalci-00-1.jpg?fit=1034%2C693&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1034,693\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-title=\"Lobiger serradifalci 00\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Lobiger serradifalci by Enric Madrenas&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Lobiger serradifalci&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Lobiger-serradifalci-00-1.jpg?fit=900%2C603&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                    <div class=\"autonav-content\">\r\n\r\n                        <h3>\r\n                            Lobiger serradifalci                        <\/h3>\r\n\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <\/a>\r\n\r\n            <\/article>\r\n\r\n        \r\n            \r\n            <article class=\"autonav-card\">\r\n\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/sacoglossa\/oxynooidea\/oxynoe-olivacea\/\">\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                        <div class=\"autonav-image\">\r\n\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"536\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Oxynoe-olivacea-06.jpg?fit=800%2C536&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"autonav-thumb\" alt=\"Oxynoe olivacea\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Oxynoe-olivacea-06.jpg?w=800&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Oxynoe-olivacea-06.jpg?resize=150%2C100&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Oxynoe-olivacea-06.jpg?resize=300%2C201&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" data-attachment-id=\"11619\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/sacoglossa\/oxynooidea\/oxynoe-olivacea\/oxynoe-olivacea-06\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Oxynoe-olivacea-06.jpg?fit=800%2C536&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"800,536\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-title=\"Oxynoe olivacea\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Oxynoe olivacea&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Oxynoe olivacea&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Oxynoe-olivacea-06.jpg?fit=800%2C536&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                    <div class=\"autonav-content\">\r\n\r\n                        <h3>\r\n                            Oxynoe olivacea                        <\/h3>\r\n\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <\/a>\r\n\r\n            <\/article>\r\n\r\n        \r\n            \r\n            <article class=\"autonav-card\">\r\n\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/sacoglossa\/oxynooidea\/oxynoe-viridis\/\">\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                        <div class=\"autonav-image\">\r\n\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"538\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Oxynoe-viridis-by-Murat-Draman-www.thedivingguidekas.com-%40-20090900-Kas-Antalya-Turquia-25m-on-Caulerpa-racemosa-var.-lamourouxii-2.jpg?fit=800%2C538&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"autonav-thumb\" alt=\"Oxynoe viridis by Murat Draman - www.thedivingguidekas.com @ 20090900 Kas, Antalya, Turquia, 25m on Caulerpa racemosa var. lamourouxii\" loading=\"lazy\" data-attachment-id=\"14711\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/sacoglossa\/oxynooidea\/oxynoe-viridis\/oxynoe-viridis-by-murat-draman-www-thedivingguidekas-com-20090900-kas-antalya-turquia-25m-on-caulerpa-racemosa-var-lamourouxii-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Oxynoe-viridis-by-Murat-Draman-www.thedivingguidekas.com-%40-20090900-Kas-Antalya-Turquia-25m-on-Caulerpa-racemosa-var.-lamourouxii-2.jpg?fit=800%2C538&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"800,538\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-title=\"Oxynoe viridis by Murat Draman &amp;#8211; www.thedivingguidekas.com @ 20090900 Kas, Antalya, Turquia, 25m on Caulerpa racemosa var. lamourouxii\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Oxynoe viridis by Murat Draman &amp;#8211; www.thedivingguidekas.com @ 20090900 Kas, Antalya, Turquia, 25m on Caulerpa racemosa var. lamourouxii &lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Oxynoe viridis by Murat Draman &amp;#8211; www.thedivingguidekas.com @ 20090900 Kas, Antalya, Turquia, 25m on Caulerpa racemosa var. lamourouxii &lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Oxynoe-viridis-by-Murat-Draman-www.thedivingguidekas.com-%40-20090900-Kas-Antalya-Turquia-25m-on-Caulerpa-racemosa-var.-lamourouxii-2.jpg?fit=800%2C538&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                    <div class=\"autonav-content\">\r\n\r\n                        <h3>\r\n                            Oxynoe viridis                        <\/h3>\r\n\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <\/a>\r\n\r\n            <\/article>\r\n\r\n        \r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    \n<p><p><strong>Bibliography<\/strong><\/p><ul><div id=\"zotpress-d91a2c28fe79d13c555d463071b573cf\" class=\"zp-Zotpress zp-Zotpress-Bib wp-block-group\">\n\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_API_USER_ID ZP_ATTR\">1246567<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ITEM_KEY ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_COLLECTION_ID ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TAG_ID ZP_ATTR\">Oxynooidea<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_AUTHOR ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_YEAR ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_ITEMTYPE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_INCLUSIVE ZP_ATTR\">1<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_STYLE ZP_ATTR\">eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_LIMIT ZP_ATTR\">50<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SORTBY ZP_ATTR\">creator<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ORDER 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id=\"zp-ID-26132-1246567-WR37PFVC\" data-zp-author-date='Bouchet-et-al.-2017' data-zp-date-author='2017-Bouchet-et-al.' data-zp-date='2017' data-zp-year='2017' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Bouchet, P., Rocroi, J. P., Hausdorf, B., Kaim, A., Kano, Y., N\u00fctzel, A., Parkhaev, P. et\u00a0al. (2017). Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. <i>Malacologia<\/i>, <i>61<\/i>(1-2), 1-526.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-zp-SEO-Content -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-List -->\n\t<\/div><!--.zp-Zotpress-->\n\n<p><\/p>Bibliography based on the works by <b>Steve Long, 2006<\/b>. <a target=_blank href=https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Long-S.-2006-Bibliography-of-Opisthobranchia-1554-2000.pdf>Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000<\/a> and <b>Gary McDonald, 2009<\/b>. <a href=http:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/8115h0wz>Bibliographia Nudibranchia<\/a>, with later updates from other resources.<p><\/p><\/ul><p><\/p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Oxynooidea form a superfamily of small and medium-sized nudibranches, with external shell, within the superorder Sacoglossa. There are four families of shelled species: Cylindrobullidae, Volvatellidae, Oxynoidae and Juliidae. Members of the Juliidae are also known as &#8220;bivalved gastropods&#8221; because\u00a0their shells consist of two separate hinged pieces or valves. These valves are joined by a ligament, and do not look like a normal snail shell; instead the valves look almost exactly\u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"continue-reading-button\"> <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/sacoglossa\/oxynooidea\/\">Continue reading<i class=\"crycon-right-dir\"><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":11503,"parent":231,"menu_order":3036,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-26132","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/26132","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26132"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/26132\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":47781,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/26132\/revisions\/47781"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/231"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11503"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26132"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}