{"id":30873,"date":"2020-11-28T19:08:46","date_gmt":"2020-11-28T18:08:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/?page_id=30873"},"modified":"2024-10-28T11:33:16","modified_gmt":"2024-10-28T10:33:16","slug":"berthella-perforata","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/pleurobranchida\/berthella-perforata\/","title":{"rendered":"Berthella perforata"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<h3><em>Berthella perforata <\/em>(Philippi, 1844)<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size:10pt;\" class=\"aligncenter\"><div id=\"featured-img-id\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Berthella-perforata-78.jpg?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Berthella perforata @ L&#039;Escala by Enric Madrenas\" \/><\/div><center><em>Berthella perforata @ L'Escala<\/em> by Enric Madrenas<\/center><\/span><p><\/p><div class=\"opk-worms\"><h3>WoRMS Taxonomic Information<\/h3><div class=\"opk-success\">Current accepted name: <strong><em>Berthella perforata<\/em> (R. A. Philippi, 1844)<\/strong><\/div><h4>Current classification<\/h4><table class=\"widefat striped\"><tr><th>Superdomain<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1\">Biota<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Kingdom<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=2\">Animalia<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Phylum<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=51\">Mollusca<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Class<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=101\">Gastropoda<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Subclass<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=14712\">Heterobranchia<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Infraclass<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1057247\">Euthyneura<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Subterclass<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1057249\">Ringipleura<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Superorder<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=411966\">Nudipleura<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Order<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1059020\">Pleurobranchida<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Superfamily<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=412548\">Pleurobranchoidea<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Family<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1755\">Pleurobranchidae<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Genus<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138361\"><em>Berthella<\/em><\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Species<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1446148\"><em>Berthella perforata<\/em> (R. A. Philippi, 1844)<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/table><p class=\"footer\">Classification provided by the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). [<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1446148\">1446148<\/a>]<\/p><\/div><strong>Synonyms<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Pleurobranchus<\/em> (<em>Bouvieria<\/em>) <em>perforatus<\/em> Philippi, 1844<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Pleurobranchus perforatus<\/em> Philippi, 1844<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Taxonomic note: <\/strong>Formerly known in the Mediterranean as <em>Berthella plumula<\/em>, f<span style=\"font-family: Ubuntu;\">ollowing the study by Ghanimi et al. (2020) it turned out that <em>Berthella plumula<\/em> (Montagu, 1803) is actually a complex of two differentiated species; the name <em>B. plumula<\/em> is retained for specimens from the Atlantic, while the name <em>Berthella perforata<\/em> (Philippi, 1844) is proposed for specimens from the Mediterranean.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Description<\/strong><br \/>\nThis species can grow up to 35 mm. The overall body color is whitish or pale, but orange animals are not rare. Light brown viscera can be seen, by transparency, in the center of the dorsum. The mantle is quite flat and is characterized by having a lattice pattern consisting of differently shaped small depressions, that provide the dorsum a porous appearance. The visual identification of specimens of <em>B. perforata<\/em> is problematic due to the color variation in this species. Some of the specimens display a pattern of stellate markings similar to that of specimens of <em>B. stellata<\/em>, while others are yellowish or whitish, with no stellate markings, resembling the Atlantic species <em>B. plumula<\/em>. With a binocular microscope, numerous star like spicules can be seen under the mantle epidermis. The inner shell can also be observed in the central area of the mantle. The head veil, the rhinophores, the branquia and foot are whitish or yellowish. The gill is free for about 1\/3 of its total length and has about 20 lamellae on either side of the central shaft.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Biology<\/strong><br \/>\nIt is an sporadical finding, usually under stones or associated to shallow <em>Posidonia oceanica<\/em> rhizomes. The foot of this species has glands that produce acidic defensive secretions. Little is known about the biology of this species, which could feed on sponges and colonial tunicates.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Etymology<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"color: #333333;\">\n<li><em>Berthella<\/em>. Probably dedicated to Sabin Berthelot (1794-1880), a French naturalyst who enrolled the Navy and participated in the Napoleonic wars. He lived part of his life at the Canary islands, in his post as French consul in Tenerife. The abbreviation \u201c<em>Berth<\/em>\u201d is used to indicate Sabin Berthelot as an authority in the scientific botanical description and classification. He wrote the \u201cHistoria Natural de Canarias\u201d and directed the Botanical Garden of Puerto de la Cruz.<\/li>\n<li><em>Plumula<\/em>. Latin origin,\u00a0t<span style=\"color: #222233;\">he aftershaft of a feather. The first bud, or gemmule, of a young plant; the bud, or growing point, of the embryo, above the cotyledons.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Distribution<br \/>\n<\/strong>This species inhabits all European coasts, both Atlantic and Mediterranean, and in the Iberian Peninsula it has been collected all along its coastline. In the Catalan coast is a rare species.<br \/>\n<div id=\"flxmap-6a67c3b2bb186\" class='flxmap-container' data-flxmap='flxmap_6a67c3b2bb186' style=\"width:100%;height:400px;\"><\/div>\n<script data-noptimize=\"1\">\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/\n(function(w, fn) {\n if (w.addEventListener) w.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", fn, false);\n else if (w.attachEvent) w.attachEvent(\"onload\", fn);\n})(window, function() {\n var f = new FlexibleMap();\n f.panControl = true;\n f.mapTypeId = \"satellite\";\n f.setlocale(\"en-US\");\n f.kmlcache = \"5 minutes\";\n f.showKML(\"flxmap-6a67c3b2bb186\", \"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/30873.kmz\");\n window.flxmap_6a67c3b2bb186 = f;\n});\n\/* ]]> *\/\n<\/script>\n<div style=\"width:100%;text-align:center;margin:12px 0 4px 0;\">\n  <div style=\"font-size:8pt;margin-bottom:6px;\">Known georeferenced records of the species: <em>Berthella perforata<\/em><\/div>\n  <table style=\"margin:0 auto;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:8pt;\">\n    <tr><td colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:left;padding-bottom:4px;\"><strong>Sources:<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td style=\"vertical-align:top;padding-right:40px;\">\n        <table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n<tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/wht-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>OBIS<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/ylw-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>GROC 2010-2011<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/grn-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Enric Madrenas<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/orange-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Jo\u00e3o Pedro Silva<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/pink-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Bernard Picton<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/blk-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>GBIF<\/td><\/tr>        <\/table>\n      <\/td>\n      <td style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\n        <table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n<tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/purple-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>OPK<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/red-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>VIMAR<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/blu-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Manuel Ballesteros<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/cyan-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>M@re Nostrum<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/grey-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Altres fonts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/marreg.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Marine Regions<\/td><\/tr>        <\/table>\n      <\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>Error:<\/strong> Chart.js no est\u00e1 disponible.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Videos<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Berthella perforata blanche - www.loeilduplongeur - Etang de Thau\" width=\"900\" height=\"506\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/24JrHO0koZ8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Berthelle plume - Berthella plumula - Etang de Thau - www.loeilduplongeur.com\" width=\"900\" height=\"506\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/zEpKh1dY-dA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/784331277?dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963\" width=\"900\" height=\"506\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; clipboard-write\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/784331298?dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963\" width=\"900\" height=\"506\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; clipboard-write\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>More pictures<\/strong><br \/>\n<div class=\"tiled-gallery type-rectangular tiled-gallery-unresized\" data-original-width=\"900\" data-carousel-extra='{&quot;blog_id&quot;:1,&quot;permalink&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/opistobranquis.info\\\/en\\\/guia\\\/pleurobranchida\\\/berthella-perforata\\\/&quot;,&quot;likes_blog_id&quot;:44192421}' itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\" > <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 900px; height: 416px;\" data-original-width=\"900\" data-original-height=\"416\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 616px; height: 416px;\" data-original-width=\"616\" data-original-height=\"416\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/pleurobranchida\/berthella-perforata\/berthella-plumula-00\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"612\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"412\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"4154\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/berthella-plumula-00.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"810,545\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Berthella perforata by Enric Madrenas\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Berthella perforata by Enric Madrenas&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/berthella-plumula-00.jpg?fit=300%2C201&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/berthella-plumula-00.jpg?fit=810%2C545&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/berthella-plumula-00.jpg?w=612&#038;h=412&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/berthella-plumula-00.jpg?w=810&amp;ssl=1 810w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/berthella-plumula-00.jpg?resize=300%2C201&amp;ssl=1 300w\" width=\"612\" height=\"412\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"612\" data-original-height=\"412\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Berthella perforata by Enric Madrenas\" alt=\"Berthella perforata by Enric Madrenas\" style=\"width: 612px; height: 412px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Berthella perforata by Enric Madrenas <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-2\" style=\"width: 284px; height: 416px;\" data-original-width=\"284\" data-original-height=\"416\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/pleurobranchida\/berthella-perforata\/olympus-digital-camera-2\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"280\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"212\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"4155\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/berthella-plumula-01.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"808,610\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Berthella perforata by Enric Madrenas\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Berthella perforata by Enric Madrenas&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/berthella-plumula-01.jpg?fit=300%2C226&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/berthella-plumula-01.jpg?fit=808%2C610&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/berthella-plumula-01.jpg?w=280&#038;h=212&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/berthella-plumula-01.jpg?w=808&amp;ssl=1 808w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/berthella-plumula-01.jpg?resize=300%2C226&amp;ssl=1 300w\" width=\"280\" height=\"212\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"280\" data-original-height=\"212\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Berthella perforata by Enric Madrenas\" alt=\"Berthella perforata by Enric Madrenas\" style=\"width: 280px; height: 212px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Berthella perforata by Enric Madrenas <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/pleurobranchida\/berthella-perforata\/berthella-plumula-by-sergio-lopez-gonzalez\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"280\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"196\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"16843\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Berthella-plumula-by-Sergio-L\u00f3pez-Gonz\u00e1lez.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"596,417\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Berthella perforata by Sergio L\u00f3pez Gonz\u00e1lez\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Berthella perforata by Sergio L\u00f3pez Gonz\u00e1lez&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Berthella-plumula-by-Sergio-L%C3%B3pez-Gonz%C3%A1lez.jpg?fit=300%2C209&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Berthella-plumula-by-Sergio-L%C3%B3pez-Gonz%C3%A1lez.jpg?fit=596%2C417&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Berthella-plumula-by-Sergio-L%C3%B3pez-Gonz%C3%A1lez.jpg?w=280&#038;h=196&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"280\" height=\"196\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"280\" data-original-height=\"196\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Berthella perforata by Sergio L\u00f3pez Gonz\u00e1lez\" alt=\"Berthella perforata by Sergio L\u00f3pez Gonz\u00e1lez\" style=\"width: 280px; height: 196px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Berthella perforata by Sergio L\u00f3pez Gonz\u00e1lez <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 900px; height: 403px;\" data-original-width=\"900\" data-original-height=\"403\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-2\" style=\"width: 301px; height: 403px;\" data-original-width=\"301\" data-original-height=\"403\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/pleurobranchida\/berthella-perforata\/berthella-plumula-malta-by-constantino-mifsud\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"297\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"196\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"18407\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Berthella-plumula-@-Malta-by-Constantino-Mifsud.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"800,527\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Berthella perforata @ Malta by Constantino Mifsud\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Berthella perforata @ Malta by Constantino Mifsud&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Berthella-plumula-%40-Malta-by-Constantino-Mifsud.jpg?fit=300%2C198&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Berthella-plumula-%40-Malta-by-Constantino-Mifsud.jpg?fit=800%2C527&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Berthella-plumula-%40-Malta-by-Constantino-Mifsud.jpg?w=297&#038;h=196&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"297\" height=\"196\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"297\" data-original-height=\"196\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Berthella perforata @ Malta by Constantino Mifsud\" alt=\"Berthella perforata @ Malta by Constantino Mifsud\" style=\"width: 297px; height: 196px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Berthella perforata @ Malta <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/pleurobranchida\/berthella-perforata\/berthella-perforata-46\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"297\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"199\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" 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row --> <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 900px; height: 303px;\" data-original-width=\"900\" data-original-height=\"303\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 450px; height: 303px;\" data-original-width=\"450\" data-original-height=\"303\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/pleurobranchida\/berthella-perforata\/berthella-perforata-48\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"446\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"299\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"33999\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Berthella-perforata-48.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"810,543\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Berthella perforata @ by Enric Madrenas\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Berthella perforata @ by Enric 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title=\"Berthella perforata @ by Enric Madrenas\" alt=\"Berthella perforata @ by Enric Madrenas\" style=\"width: 446px; height: 299px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Berthella perforata @ by Enric Madrenas <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 450px; height: 303px;\" data-original-width=\"450\" data-original-height=\"303\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/pleurobranchida\/berthella-perforata\/berthella-perforata-49\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"446\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"299\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"34000\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Berthella-perforata-49.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"810,543\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Berthella perforata @ by Enric Madrenas\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Berthella perforata @ by Enric Madrenas&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Berthella-perforata-49.jpg?fit=300%2C201&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Berthella-perforata-49.jpg?fit=810%2C543&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Berthella-perforata-49.jpg?w=446&#038;h=299&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Berthella-perforata-49.jpg?w=810&amp;ssl=1 810w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Berthella-perforata-49.jpg?resize=300%2C201&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Berthella-perforata-49.jpg?resize=150%2C101&amp;ssl=1 150w\" width=\"446\" height=\"299\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"446\" data-original-height=\"299\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Berthella perforata @ by Enric Madrenas\" alt=\"Berthella perforata @ by Enric Madrenas\" style=\"width: 446px; height: 299px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Berthella perforata @ by Enric Madrenas <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 900px; height: 291px;\" data-original-width=\"900\" data-original-height=\"291\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 386px; height: 291px;\" data-original-width=\"386\" data-original-height=\"291\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/pleurobranchida\/berthella-perforata\/berthella-perforata-france-by-pascal-girard-2\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"382\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"287\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"36059\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Berthella-perforata-@-France-by-Pascal-Girard-2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1280,960\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Berthella perforata @ France by Pascal Girard\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Berthella perforata @ France by Pascal Girard&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Berthella-perforata-%40-France-by-Pascal-Girard-2.jpg?fit=300%2C225&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Berthella-perforata-%40-France-by-Pascal-Girard-2.jpg?fit=900%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Berthella-perforata-%40-France-by-Pascal-Girard-2.jpg?w=382&#038;h=287&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"382\" height=\"287\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"382\" data-original-height=\"287\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Berthella perforata @ France by Pascal Girard\" alt=\"Berthella perforata @ France by Pascal Girard\" style=\"width: 382px; height: 287px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Berthella perforata @ France by Pascal Girard <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 514px; height: 291px;\" data-original-width=\"514\" data-original-height=\"291\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/pleurobranchida\/berthella-perforata\/berthella-perforata-france-by-pascal-girard\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"510\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"287\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"36060\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Berthella-perforata-@-France-by-Pascal-Girard.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1280,720\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Berthella perforata @ France by Pascal Girard\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Berthella perforata @ France by Pascal Girard&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Berthella-perforata-%40-France-by-Pascal-Girard.jpg?fit=300%2C169&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Berthella-perforata-%40-France-by-Pascal-Girard.jpg?fit=900%2C506&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Berthella-perforata-%40-France-by-Pascal-Girard.jpg?w=510&#038;h=287&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"510\" height=\"287\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"510\" data-original-height=\"287\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Berthella perforata @ France by Pascal Girard\" alt=\"Berthella perforata @ France by Pascal Girard\" style=\"width: 510px; height: 287px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Berthella perforata @ France by Pascal Girard <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 900px; height: 601px;\" data-original-width=\"900\" data-original-height=\"601\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 900px; height: 601px;\" data-original-width=\"900\" data-original-height=\"601\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/pleurobranchida\/berthella-perforata\/berthella-perforata-gill-france-by-pascal-girard-png\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"896\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"597\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"36061\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Berthella-perforata-gill-@-France-by-Pascal-Girard.png.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1080,720\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Berthella perforata gill detail @ France by Pascal Girard\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Berthella perforata gill detail @ France by Pascal Girard&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Berthella-perforata-gill-%40-France-by-Pascal-Girard.png.jpg?fit=300%2C200&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Berthella-perforata-gill-%40-France-by-Pascal-Girard.png.jpg?fit=900%2C600&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Berthella-perforata-gill-%40-France-by-Pascal-Girard.png.jpg?w=896&#038;h=597&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"896\" height=\"597\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"896\" data-original-height=\"597\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Berthella perforata gill detail @ France by Pascal Girard\" alt=\"Berthella perforata gill detail @ France by Pascal Girard\" style=\"width: 896px; height: 597px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Berthella perforata gill detail @ France by Pascal Girard <\/div> <\/div> 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Taphros.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-zp-SEO-Content -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-List -->\n\t<\/div><!--.zp-Zotpress-->\n\n<p><\/p>Bibliography based on the works by <b>Steve Long, 2006<\/b>. <a target=_blank href=https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Long-S.-2006-Bibliography-of-Opisthobranchia-1554-2000.pdf>Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000<\/a> and <b>Gary McDonald, 2009<\/b>. <a href=http:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/8115h0wz>Bibliographia Nudibranchia<\/a>, with later updates from other resources.<p><\/p><\/ul><p><\/p><p><strong>Further reading<\/strong><\/p><span style=\"font-size:10pt\"><ul><ul class=\"blogroll-links\"><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.biologiamarina.org\/bertella-piuma\/\">BiologiaMarina.org<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cibsub.com\/bioespecie_es-berthella_plumula-28189\">CIB - Club Immersio Biologia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/doris.ffessm.fr\/Especes\/Berthella-perforata-Berthelle-perforee-5214\">DORIS<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/litoraldegranada.ugr.es\/el-litoral\/el-litoral-sumergido\/fauna\/moluscos\/gasteropodos\/opistobranquios\/pleurobrancomorfos\/berthella-plumula\/\">El Litoral de Granada<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.opistobranquis.org\/ca\/guia\/18\">GROC<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20250116074557\/http:\/\/medslugs.de\/E\/Med\/Berthella_perforata\/Selection.htm\">MedSlugs (Med)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&#038;id=1446148\">World Register of Marine Species<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/ul><\/span><p><strong>Cite this article as: <\/strong><\/p><div style=\"display: block; background: #444444; padding: 10px 30px 10px 10px; border-radius: 5px; line-height: 18px;\"><p class=\"citacio\"><b>Pontes, Miquel, Manuel Ballesteros, Enric Madrenas<\/b> (2025) <em>\"Berthella perforata\"<\/em> in <em>OPK-Opistobranquis<\/em>. Published: 28\/11\/2020. Accessed: 27\/07\/2026. Available at (<a href=https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/?p=30873>https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/?p=30873<\/a>)<\/p><p><\/p><\/div><p><\/p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Berthella perforata (Philippi, 1844) Synonyms Pleurobranchus (Bouvieria) perforatus Philippi, 1844 Pleurobranchus perforatus Philippi, 1844 Taxonomic note: Formerly known in the Mediterranean as Berthella plumula, following the study by Ghanimi et al. (2020) it turned out that Berthella plumula (Montagu, 1803) is actually a complex of two differentiated species; the name B. plumula is retained for specimens from the Atlantic, while the name Berthella perforata (Philippi, 1844) is proposed for specimens\u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"continue-reading-button\"> <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/pleurobranchida\/berthella-perforata\/\">Continue reading<i class=\"crycon-right-dir\"><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":423,"featured_media":45242,"parent":7852,"menu_order":5058,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-30873","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/30873","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/423"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30873"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/30873\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34001,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/30873\/revisions\/34001"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7852"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/45242"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30873"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}