{"id":372,"date":"2012-05-15T20:47:14","date_gmt":"2012-05-15T18:47:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/petalifera-petaliferapetalifera-petaliferapetalifera-petalifera"},"modified":"2022-12-27T22:49:01","modified_gmt":"2022-12-27T21:49:01","slug":"petalifera-petalifera","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/aplysiida\/petalifera-petalifera\/","title":{"rendered":"Petalifera petalifera"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<h3><em>Petalifera petalifera<\/em> (Rang, 1828)<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size:10pt;\" class=\"aligncenter\"><div id=\"featured-img-id\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Petalifera-petalifera-221.jpg?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Petalifera petalifera by Enric Madrenas\" \/><\/div><center><em>Petalifera petalifera<\/em> by Enric Madrenas<\/center><\/span><p><\/p><div class=\"opk-worms\"><h3>WoRMS Taxonomic Information<\/h3><div class=\"opk-success\">Current accepted name: <strong><em>Petalifera petalifera<\/em> (Rang, 1828)<\/strong><\/div><h4>Current classification<\/h4><table class=\"widefat striped\"><tr><th>Superdomain<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1\">Biota<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Kingdom<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=2\">Animalia<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Phylum<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=51\">Mollusca<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Class<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=101\">Gastropoda<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Subclass<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=14712\">Heterobranchia<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Infraclass<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1057247\">Euthyneura<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Subterclass<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1057250\">Tectipleura<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Order<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1058953\">Aplysiida<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Superfamily<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=225490\">Aplysioidea<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Family<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=172\">Aplysiidae<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Subfamily<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=23030\">Dolabriferinae<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Genus<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137903\"><em>Petalifera<\/em><\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Species<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=139597\"><em>Petalifera petalifera<\/em> (Rang, 1828)<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/table><p class=\"footer\">Classification provided by the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). [<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=139597\">139597<\/a>]<\/p><\/div><strong>Synonyms<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span id=\"aphia_ct_tu_747639\"><i>Aplysia brugnatelli<\/i> van Beneden &amp; Robb, 1835<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span id=\"aphia_ct_tu_568040\"><i>Aplysia depressa<\/i> Cantraine, 1835<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span id=\"aphia_ct_tu_568183\"><i>Aplysia petalifera<\/i> Rang, 1828 (original)<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><span id=\"aphia_ct_tu_747669\"><i>Aplysia unguifera<\/i> Rang, 1828<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span id=\"aphia_ct_tu_747674\"><i>Aplysia webbii<\/i> van Beneden &amp; Robb, 1835<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span id=\"aphia_ct_tu_139598\"><i>Phyllaplysia depressa<\/i> (Cantraine, 1835)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Description<br \/>\n<\/strong>The specimens of this species can measure up to 40 mm in length, but the most common size is between 15 and 25 mm in length. The body is very flat, almost in leaf shaped, and the background color is green but with numerous brown scores and irregular white spots. This coloration may vary depending on the type of algae where it lives:\u00a0when\u00a0located on new\u00a0(the animal color is predominantly green) or old (the dorsum\u00a0of the animal has many\u00a0white spots) <em>Posidonia<\/em>\u00a0<em>oceanica<\/em> leaves. There are two auriculate rhinophores\u00a0on the head, joined\u00a0at their base. The parapodia are short, cover the entire back and are completely fused but\u00a0for a dorsal rear\u00a0hole. In the center of the back and covered by the mantle and parapodia there is a calcified, fragile, whitish, translucent shell.<\/p>\n<p>Descriptive note: As stated by different authors, <em>P. petalifera<\/em> and the related species <em>Phyllaplysia lafonti<\/em>\u00a0due to the the similarity of their morphology and variability in coloration, may have been repeatedly confused in literature previous to 1980. In any case, <em>P. lafonti<\/em> has a characteristic color pattern of alternate light and dark concentric bands not present in <em>P. petalifera<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Biology<br \/>\n<\/strong>In the Mediterranean sea<em> P. petalifera<\/em>\u00a0lives closely associated with the leaves and rhizomes of the seagrass <em>Posidonia oceanica<\/em>. It has mainly nocturnal habbits. Its shape and color pattern makes it very cryptic on the leaves and quite difficult to locate. Outside the Mediterranean it has been located on the stipes\u00a0of algae of the genus\u00a0<em>Caulerpa<\/em> and <em>Padina<\/em> (Canarias; Ortea &amp; Martinez, 1991) and <em>Enteromorpha<\/em> and <em>Sargassum<\/em> (Barbados, Marcus &amp; Hughes, 1974). It is not clear whether it feeds on the cited algae or <em>P. oceanica<\/em> or the microalgae felt that lives on them.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Etymology<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Petalifera<\/em>. From Greek &#8220;petalon&#8221;, petal + &#8220;pherein&#8221;, to carry, to bring.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Distribution<br \/>\n<\/strong>This is an amfiatlantic species as it has been found in the Caribbean (Miloslavich et al. 2010), in the European Atlantic coasts and in the eastern Mediterranean (Koukouras, 2010). In the Iberian Peninsula it has been cited in the Portuguese coast and the Mediterranean coast, also in the Balearic Islands, Madeira and Azores (Cervera et al. 2004). In Catalonia it has been reported at Es Caials, Cadaqu\u00e9s, L&#8217;Escala, Cala Aiguafreda Cala Margarida, Tossa de Mar and Blanes. <div id=\"flxmap-6aaa88b55ff21\" class='flxmap-container' data-flxmap='flxmap_6aaa88b55ff21' style=\"width:100%;height:400px;\"><\/div>\n<script data-noptimize=\"1\">\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/\n(function(w, fn) {\n if (w.addEventListener) w.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", fn, false);\n else if (w.attachEvent) w.attachEvent(\"onload\", fn);\n})(window, function() {\n var f = new FlexibleMap();\n f.panControl = true;\n f.mapTypeId = \"satellite\";\n f.setlocale(\"en-US\");\n f.kmlcache = \"5 minutes\";\n f.showKML(\"flxmap-6aaa88b55ff21\", \"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/372.kmz\");\n window.flxmap_6aaa88b55ff21 = f;\n});\n\/* ]]> *\/\n<\/script>\n<div style=\"width:100%;text-align:center;margin:12px 0 4px 0;\">\n  <div style=\"font-size:8pt;margin-bottom:6px;\">Known georeferenced records of the species: <em>Petalifera petalifera<\/em><\/div>\n  <table style=\"margin:0 auto;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:8pt;\">\n    <tr><td colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:left;padding-bottom:4px;\"><strong>Sources:<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td style=\"vertical-align:top;padding-right:40px;\">\n        <table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n<tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/wht-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>OBIS<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/ylw-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>GROC 2010-2011<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/grn-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Enric Madrenas<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/orange-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Jo\u00e3o Pedro Silva<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/pink-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Bernard Picton<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/blk-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>GBIF<\/td><\/tr>        <\/table>\n      <\/td>\n      <td style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\n        <table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n<tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/purple-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>OPK<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/red-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>VIMAR<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/blu-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Manuel Ballesteros<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/cyan-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>M@re Nostrum<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/grey-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Altres fonts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/marreg.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Marine Regions<\/td><\/tr>        <\/table>\n      <\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>Error:<\/strong> Chart.js no est\u00e1 disponible.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Videos<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/784334015?h=7071383ca4&amp;dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963\" width=\"900\" height=\"506\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>More pictures<\/strong><br \/>\n<div class=\"tiled-gallery type-rectangular tiled-gallery-unresized\" data-original-width=\"900\" data-carousel-extra='{&quot;blog_id&quot;:1,&quot;permalink&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/opistobranquis.info\\\/en\\\/guia\\\/aplysiida\\\/petalifera-petalifera\\\/&quot;,&quot;likes_blog_id&quot;:44192421}' itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\" > <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 900px; height: 318px;\" data-original-width=\"900\" data-original-height=\"318\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 216px; height: 318px;\" data-original-width=\"216\" data-original-height=\"318\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/aplysiida\/petalifera-petalifera\/petalifera-petalifera-06\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"212\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"314\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"4757\" 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data-original-width=\"212\" data-original-height=\"314\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"petalifera-petalifera-06\" alt=\"petalifera-petalifera-06\" style=\"width: 212px; height: 314px;\" \/> <\/a> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 468px; height: 318px;\" data-original-width=\"468\" data-original-height=\"318\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/aplysiida\/petalifera-petalifera\/petalifera-petalifera-08\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"464\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"314\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"4758\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/petalifera-petalifera-08.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"650,439\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"petalifera-petalifera-08\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/petalifera-petalifera-08.jpg?fit=300%2C202&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/petalifera-petalifera-08.jpg?fit=650%2C439&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/petalifera-petalifera-08.jpg?w=464&#038;h=314&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/petalifera-petalifera-08.jpg?w=650&amp;ssl=1 650w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/petalifera-petalifera-08.jpg?resize=300%2C202&amp;ssl=1 300w\" width=\"464\" height=\"314\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"464\" data-original-height=\"314\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"petalifera-petalifera-08\" alt=\"petalifera-petalifera-08\" style=\"width: 464px; height: 314px;\" \/> <\/a> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 216px; height: 318px;\" data-original-width=\"216\" data-original-height=\"318\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/aplysiida\/petalifera-petalifera\/petalifera-petalifera-11\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"212\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"314\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"4759\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/petalifera-petalifera-11.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"331,490\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"petalifera-petalifera-11\" data-image-description=\"\" 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<\/div> <!-- close row --> <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 900px; height: 712px;\" data-original-width=\"900\" data-original-height=\"712\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 483px; height: 712px;\" data-original-width=\"483\" data-original-height=\"712\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/aplysiida\/petalifera-petalifera\/petalifera-petalifera-12\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"479\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"708\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"4760\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/petalifera-petalifera-12.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"331,490\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"petalifera-petalifera-12\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/petalifera-petalifera-12.jpg?fit=202%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/petalifera-petalifera-12.jpg?fit=331%2C490&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/petalifera-petalifera-12.jpg?w=479&#038;h=708&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/petalifera-petalifera-12.jpg?w=331&amp;ssl=1 331w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/petalifera-petalifera-12.jpg?resize=202%2C300&amp;ssl=1 202w\" width=\"479\" height=\"708\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"479\" data-original-height=\"708\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"petalifera-petalifera-12\" alt=\"petalifera-petalifera-12\" style=\"width: 479px; height: 708px;\" \/> <\/a> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 417px; height: 712px;\" data-original-width=\"417\" data-original-height=\"712\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/aplysiida\/petalifera-petalifera\/petalifera-petalifera-14\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"413\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"708\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"4761\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/petalifera-petalifera-14.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"286,490\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"petalifera-petalifera-14\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/petalifera-petalifera-14.jpg?fit=175%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/petalifera-petalifera-14.jpg?fit=286%2C490&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/petalifera-petalifera-14.jpg?w=413&#038;h=708&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/petalifera-petalifera-14.jpg?w=286&amp;ssl=1 286w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/petalifera-petalifera-14.jpg?resize=175%2C300&amp;ssl=1 175w\" width=\"413\" height=\"708\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"413\" data-original-height=\"708\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"petalifera-petalifera-14\" alt=\"petalifera-petalifera-14\" style=\"width: 413px; height: 708px;\" \/> <\/a> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 900px; height: 416px;\" data-original-width=\"900\" data-original-height=\"416\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 282px; height: 416px;\" data-original-width=\"282\" data-original-height=\"416\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/aplysiida\/petalifera-petalifera\/petalifera-petalifera-29\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"278\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"412\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"4762\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/petalifera-petalifera-29.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"331,490\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"petalifera-petalifera-29\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/petalifera-petalifera-29.jpg?fit=202%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/petalifera-petalifera-29.jpg?fit=331%2C490&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/petalifera-petalifera-29.jpg?w=278&#038;h=412&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/petalifera-petalifera-29.jpg?w=331&amp;ssl=1 331w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/petalifera-petalifera-29.jpg?resize=202%2C300&amp;ssl=1 202w\" width=\"278\" height=\"412\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"278\" data-original-height=\"412\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"petalifera-petalifera-29\" alt=\"petalifera-petalifera-29\" style=\"width: 278px; height: 412px;\" \/> <\/a> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 618px; height: 416px;\" data-original-width=\"618\" data-original-height=\"416\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/aplysiida\/petalifera-petalifera\/petalifera-petalifera-162\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"614\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"412\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"4763\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/petalifera-petalifera-162.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"648,435\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Petalifera petalifera by Enric Madrenas\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Petalifera petalifera by Enric Madrenas&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/petalifera-petalifera-162.jpg?fit=300%2C201&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/petalifera-petalifera-162.jpg?fit=648%2C435&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/petalifera-petalifera-162.jpg?w=614&#038;h=412&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/petalifera-petalifera-162.jpg?w=648&amp;ssl=1 648w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/petalifera-petalifera-162.jpg?resize=300%2C201&amp;ssl=1 300w\" width=\"614\" height=\"412\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"614\" data-original-height=\"412\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Petalifera petalifera by Enric Madrenas\" alt=\"Petalifera petalifera by Enric Madrenas\" style=\"width: 614px; height: 412px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Petalifera petalifera by Enric Madrenas <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 900px; height: 1345px;\" data-original-width=\"900\" data-original-height=\"1345\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 900px; height: 1345px;\" data-original-width=\"900\" data-original-height=\"1345\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/aplysiida\/petalifera-petalifera\/posta-de-petalifera-petalifera-00\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"896\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"1341\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"12786\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Posta-de-Petalifera-petalifera-00.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"401,600\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Posta\/Puesta\/Spawn de\/of Petalifera petalifera\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Posta\/Puesta\/Spawn de\/of Petalifera petalifera&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Posta-de-Petalifera-petalifera-00.jpg?fit=200%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Posta-de-Petalifera-petalifera-00.jpg?fit=401%2C600&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Posta-de-Petalifera-petalifera-00.jpg?w=896&#038;h=1341&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Posta-de-Petalifera-petalifera-00.jpg?w=401&amp;ssl=1 401w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Posta-de-Petalifera-petalifera-00.jpg?resize=100%2C150&amp;ssl=1 100w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Posta-de-Petalifera-petalifera-00.jpg?resize=200%2C300&amp;ssl=1 200w\" width=\"896\" height=\"1341\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"896\" data-original-height=\"1341\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Posta\/Puesta\/Spawn de\/of Petalifera petalifera\" alt=\"Posta\/Puesta\/Spawn de\/of Petalifera petalifera\" style=\"width: 896px; height: 1341px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Posta\/Puesta\/Spawn de\/of Petalifera petalifera <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <\/div><\/p>\n<p><p><strong>Bibliography<\/strong><\/p><ul><div id=\"zotpress-aa908a30e47da75656bfc0efa4135986\" class=\"zp-Zotpress zp-Zotpress-Bib wp-block-group\">\n\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_API_USER_ID ZP_ATTR\">1246567<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ITEM_KEY ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_COLLECTION_ID ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TAG_ID ZP_ATTR\">Petalifera petalifera<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_AUTHOR ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_YEAR ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_ITEMTYPE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_INCLUSIVE ZP_ATTR\">1<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_STYLE ZP_ATTR\">eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_LIMIT ZP_ATTR\">50<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SORTBY ZP_ATTR\">creator<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ORDER ZP_ATTR\">asc<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TITLE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SHOWIMAGE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SHOWTAGS ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_DOWNLOADABLE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_NOTES ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ABSTRACT ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_CITEABLE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TARGET ZP_ATTR\">1<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_URLWRAP ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_FORCENUM ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_HIGHLIGHT ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_POSTID ZP_ATTR\">372<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZOTPRESS_PLUGIN_URL ZP_ATTR\">https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/plugins\/zotpress\/<\/span>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"zp-List loading\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"zp-SEO-Content\">\n\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-zp-SEO-Content -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-List -->\n\t<\/div><!--.zp-Zotpress-->\n\n<p><\/p>Bibliography based on the works by <b>Steve Long, 2006<\/b>. <a target=_blank href=https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Long-S.-2006-Bibliography-of-Opisthobranchia-1554-2000.pdf>Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000<\/a> and <b>Gary McDonald, 2009<\/b>. <a href=http:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/8115h0wz>Bibliographia Nudibranchia<\/a>, with later updates from other resources.<p><\/p><\/ul><p><\/p><p><strong>Further reading<\/strong><\/p><span style=\"font-size:10pt\"><ul><ul class=\"blogroll-links\"><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.asturnatura.com\/especie\/petalifera-petalifera.html\">AsturNatura<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/name\/Petalifera%20petalifera\">Biodiversity Heritage Library<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.biologiamarina.org\/fillaplisia\/\">BiologiaMarina.org<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cibsub.com\/bioespecie_es-petalifera_petalifera-28136\">CIB - Club Immersio Biologia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/search\/?text=Petalifera%20petalifera\">Flickr pictures<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.opistobranquis.org\/ca\/guia\/6\">GROC<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.irmng.org\/aphia.php?p=taxlist&#038;tName=Petalifera%20petalifera\">Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/marenostrum.org\/vidamarina\/animalia\/invertebrados\/moluscos\/gasteropodos\/opistobranquios\/ppetalifera\/index.htm\">M@re Nostrum<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/Taxonomy\/Browser\/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&#038;name=Petalifera%20petalifera&#038;lvl=0&#038;srchmode=1\">NCBI GenBank<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/iobis.org\/mapper\/?taxon=Petalifera%20petalifera\">OBIS - Search by Taxon<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.seaslugforum.net\/showall\/petapeta\">Sea Slug Forum<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&#038;id=139597\">World Register of Marine Species<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/ul><\/span><p><strong>Cite this article as: <\/strong><\/p><div style=\"display: block; background: #444444; padding: 10px 30px 10px 10px; border-radius: 5px; line-height: 18px;\"><p class=\"citacio\"><b>Ballesteros, M., Madrenas, E. &#38; Pontes, M.<\/b> (2025) <em>\"Petalifera petalifera\"<\/em> in <em>OPK-Opistobranquis<\/em>. Published: 15\/05\/2012. Accessed: 16\/09\/2026. Available at (<a href=https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/?p=372>https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/?p=372<\/a>)<\/p><p><\/p><\/div><p><\/p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Petalifera petalifera (Rang, 1828) Synonyms Aplysia brugnatelli van Beneden &amp; Robb, 1835 Aplysia depressa Cantraine, 1835 Aplysia petalifera Rang, 1828 (original) Aplysia unguifera Rang, 1828 Aplysia webbii van Beneden &amp; Robb, 1835 Phyllaplysia depressa (Cantraine, 1835) Description The specimens of this species can measure up to 40 mm in length, but the most common size is between 15 and 25 mm in length. The body is very flat, almost in\u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"continue-reading-button\"> <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/aplysiida\/petalifera-petalifera\/\">Continue reading<i class=\"crycon-right-dir\"><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":291,"featured_media":32912,"parent":209,"menu_order":4112,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-372","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/372","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/291"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=372"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/372\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":35980,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/372\/revisions\/35980"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/209"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32912"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=372"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}