{"id":450,"date":"2012-05-16T18:47:53","date_gmt":"2012-05-16T16:47:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/doridacis-doridaceadorid%c3%a1ceos-doridaceadoridaceans-doridacea"},"modified":"2025-10-29T15:36:42","modified_gmt":"2025-10-29T14:36:42","slug":"doridoidei","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/doridida\/doridoidei\/","title":{"rendered":"Doridoidei"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Doridacean nudibranchs are characterized by having a more or less dorsoventrally flattened body, by the presence of large mantle that may have embedded spicules and may also have different projections (tubers, papillae) and the existence of a\u00a0dorsal\u00a0branchial plume formed by several branchial leaves surrounding the anus. Rhinophores are found in the anterior region of the notum, provided with lamellae and retractile (cryptobranch doridaceans) or just contractile (fanerobranch doridaceans).<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt;\" class=\"aligncenter\"><div id=\"featured-img-id\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/hypselodoris-picta-10.jpg?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Felimare picta\" \/><\/div><center><em>Felimare picta<\/em> by Enric Madrenas<\/center><\/span><p><\/p><\/h5>\n<p>The doridaceans are carnivorous and feed primarily on sponges and bryozoans. They feed by using their radula, that can have some to many teeth on each row, but the species of the family Dendrodorididae lack any radula at all, and feed by sucking food with their suctorial type buccal bulb. Many doridacean species have external parasites of the Copepod Crustaceans group, often of the Splanchnotrophidae family, moving primarily around the \u200b\u200bgill leaves. Doridaceans have the most powerful defense mechanisms within the nudibranchs. Many species of several families present some mantle glands called MDF (for &#8220;Mantle Dermal Formations&#8221;) where they accumulate several secondary metabolites that have a large antidepredant effect when they are expelled to the outside, which happens easily when the animal is disturbed. These powerful defensive substances have allowed these nudibranchs to acquire flashy colorations \u00a0in the course of evolution, called\u00a0warning (or aposematic) colorations, to prevent attacks by their possible predators.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Classification<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The updated doridaceans taxonomy proposed by Bouchet et al. (2017) and accepted at WoRMS is as follows:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Doridoidei<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Chromodoridoidea Bergh, 1891\n<ul>\n<li>Actinocyclidae O&#8217;Donoghue, 1929\n<ul>\n<li><em>Actinocyclus<\/em>\u00a0Ehrenberg, 1831<\/li>\n<li><em>Hallaxa<\/em>\u00a0Eliot, 1909<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Cadlinellidae Odhner, 1934\n<ul>\n<li><em>Cadlinella<\/em>\u00a0Thiele, 1931<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Cadlinidae Bergh, 1891\n<ul>\n<li><em>Aldisa<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1878<\/li>\n<li><em>Cadlina<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1879<\/li>\n<li><em>Inuda<\/em>\u00a0Ev. Marcus &amp; Er. Marcus, 1967<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Chromodorididae Bergh, 1891\n<ul>\n<li>Chromodoridinae Bergh, 1891\n<ul>\n<li><em>Ardeadoris<\/em>\u00a0Rudman, 1984<\/li>\n<li><em>Chromodoris<\/em>\u00a0Alder &amp; Hancock, 1855<\/li>\n<li><em>Chromolaichma<\/em>\u00a0Bertsch, 1977<\/li>\n<li><em>Diversidoris<\/em>\u00a0Rudman, 1987<\/li>\n<li><em>Doriprismatica<\/em>\u00a0A. d&#8217;Orbigny, 1839<\/li>\n<li><em>Felimida<\/em>\u00a0Ev. Marcus, 1971<\/li>\n<li><em>Glossodoris<\/em>\u00a0Ehrenberg, 1831<\/li>\n<li><em>Goniobranchus<\/em>\u00a0Pease, 1866<\/li>\n<li><em>Tyrinna<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1898<\/li>\n<li><em>Verconia<\/em>\u00a0Pruvot-Fol, 1931<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Miamirinae Bergh, 1891\n<ul>\n<li><em>Ceratosoma<\/em>\u00a0Gray, 1850<\/li>\n<li><em>Felimare<\/em>\u00a0Ev. Marcus &amp; Er. Marcus, 1967<\/li>\n<li><em>Hypselodoris<\/em>\u00a0W. Stimpson, 1855<\/li>\n<li><em>Mexichromis<\/em>\u00a0Bertsch, 1977<\/li>\n<li><em>Miamira<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1874<\/li>\n<li><em>Thorunna<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1878<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Hexabranchidae Bergh, 1891\n<ul>\n<li><em>Hexabranchus<\/em>\u00a0Ehrenberg, 1828<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Showajidaiidae Korshunova, Fletcher, Picton, Lundin, Kashio, N. Sanamyan, K. Sanamyan, Padula, Schr\u00f6dl &amp; Martynov, 2020\n<ul>\n<li><em>Showajidaia<\/em>\u00a0Korshunova, Fletcher, Picton, Lundin, Kashio, N. Sanamyan, K. Sanamyan, Padula, Schr\u00f6dl &amp; Martynov, 2020<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Doridoidea Rafinesque, 1815\n<ul>\n<li>Discodorididae Bergh, 1891\n<ul>\n<li><em>Alloiodoris<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1904<\/li>\n<li><em>Aphelodoris<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1879<\/li>\n<li><em>Aporodoris<\/em>\u00a0Ihering, 1886<\/li>\n<li><em>Asteronotus<\/em>\u00a0Ehrenberg, 1831<\/li>\n<li><em>Atagema<\/em>\u00a0Gray, 1850<\/li>\n<li><em>Avaldesia<\/em>\u00a0Donohoo &amp; Gosliner, 2024<\/li>\n<li><em>Baptodoris<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1884<\/li>\n<li><em>Carminodoris<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1889<\/li>\n<li><em>Diaulula<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1878<\/li>\n<li><em>Dictyodoris<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1880<\/li>\n<li><em>Discodoris<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1877<\/li>\n<li><em>Gargamella<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1894<\/li>\n<li><em>Geitodoris<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1891<\/li>\n<li><em>Halgerda<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1880<\/li>\n<li><em>Hiatodoris<\/em>\u00a0Dayrat, 2010<\/li>\n<li><em>Hoplodoris<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1880<\/li>\n<li><em>Jorunna<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1876<\/li>\n<li><em>Nirva<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1905<\/li>\n<li><em>Nophodoris<\/em>\u00a0\u00c1. Vald\u00e9s &amp; Gosliner, 2001<\/li>\n<li><em>Otinodoris<\/em>\u00a0K. M. White, 1948<\/li>\n<li><em>Paradoris<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1884<\/li>\n<li><em>Peltodoris<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1880<\/li>\n<li><em>Peronodoris<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1904<\/li>\n<li><em>Platydoris<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1877<\/li>\n<li><em>Rostanga<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1879<\/li>\n<li><em>Sclerodoris<\/em>\u00a0Eliot, 1904<\/li>\n<li><em>Sebadoris<\/em>\u00a0Er. Marcus &amp; Ev. Marcus, 1960<\/li>\n<li><em>Taringa<\/em>\u00a0Er. Marcus, 1955<\/li>\n<li><em>Tayuva<\/em>\u00a0Ev. Marcus &amp; Er. Marcus, 1967<\/li>\n<li><em>Thordisa<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1877<\/li>\n<li><em>Thorybopus<\/em>\u00a0Bouchet, 1977<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Dorididae Rafinesque, 1815\n<ul>\n<li><em>Archidoris<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1878<\/li>\n<li><em>Artachaea<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1881<\/li>\n<li><em>Austrodoris<\/em>\u00a0Odhner, 1926<\/li>\n<li><em>Conualevia<\/em>\u00a0Collier &amp; Farmer, 1964<\/li>\n<li><em>Doriopsis<\/em>\u00a0Pease, 1860<\/li>\n<li><em>Doris<\/em>\u00a0Linnaeus, 1758<\/li>\n<li><em>Goslineria<\/em>\u00a0\u00c1. Vald\u00e9s, 2001<\/li>\n<li><em>Pharodoris<\/em>\u00a0\u00c1. Vald\u00e9s, 2001<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Onchidoridoidea Gray, 1827\n<ul>\n<li>Acanthodorididae P. Fischer, 1883\n<ul>\n<li><em>Acanthodoris<\/em>\u00a0J. E. Gray, 1850<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Acanthomiridae Martynov &amp; Korshunova, 2025<\/li>\n<li>Aegiridae P. Fischer, 1883\n<ul>\n<li><em>Aegires<\/em>\u00a0Lov\u00e9n, 1844<\/li>\n<li><em>Notodoris<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1875<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Akiodorididae Millen &amp; Martynov, 2005\n<ul>\n<li><em>Akiodoris<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1879<\/li>\n<li><em>Armodoris<\/em>\u00a0Minichev, 1972<\/li>\n<li><em>Doridunculus<\/em>\u00a0G. O. Sars, 1878<\/li>\n<li><em>Echinocorambe<\/em>\u00a0\u00c1. Vald\u00e9s &amp; Bouchet, 1998<\/li>\n<li><em>Prodoridunculus<\/em>\u00a0Thiele, 1912<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Calycidorididae Roginskaya, 1972\n<ul>\n<li><em>Calycidoris<\/em>\u00a0Abraham, 1876<\/li>\n<li><em>Diaphorodoris<\/em>\u00a0Iredale &amp; O&#8217;Donoghue, 1923<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Corambidae Bergh, 1871\n<ul>\n<li><em>Corambe<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1869<\/li>\n<li><em>Loy<\/em>\u00a0Martynov, 1994<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Goniodorididae H. Adams &amp; A. Adams, 1854\n<ul>\n<li>Anculinae Pruvot-Fol, 1954\n<ul>\n<li><em>Ancula<\/em>\u00a0Lov\u00e9n, 1846<\/li>\n<li><em>Trapania<\/em>\u00a0Pruvot-Fol, 1931<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Goniodoridinae H. Adams &amp; A. Adams, 1854\n<ul>\n<li><em>Bermudella<\/em>\u00a0Odhner, 1941<\/li>\n<li><em>Cargoa<\/em>\u00a0Vogel &amp; L. P. Schultz, 1970<\/li>\n<li><em>Ceratodoris<\/em>\u00a0J. E. Gray, 1850<\/li>\n<li><em>Goniodoridella<\/em>\u00a0Pruvot-Fol, 1933<\/li>\n<li><em>Lophodoris<\/em>\u00a0G. O. Sars, 1878<\/li>\n<li><em>Murphydoris<\/em>\u00a0Sigurdsson, 1991<\/li>\n<li><em>Naisdoris<\/em>\u00a0Paz-Sedano, Moles, Smirnoff, Gosliner &amp; Pola, 2024<\/li>\n<li><em>Okenia<\/em>\u00a0Menke, 1830<\/li>\n<li><em>Pelagella<\/em>\u00a0J. E. Gray, 1850<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><em>Spahria<\/em>\u00a0Risbec, 1928<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Onchidorididae J. E. Gray, 1827\n<ul>\n<li><em>Acanthomira<\/em>\u00a0Ekimova, Nikitenko, Stanovova, Schepetov, Antokhina &amp; \u00c1. Vald\u00e9s, 2024<\/li>\n<li><em>Adalaria<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1878<\/li>\n<li><em>Arctadalaria<\/em>\u00a0Roginskaya, 1971<\/li>\n<li><em>Atalodoris<\/em>\u00a0Iredale &amp; O&#8217;Donoghue, 1923<\/li>\n<li><em>Idaliadoris<\/em>\u00a0Furfaro &amp; Trainito, 2022<\/li>\n<li><em>Onchidoris<\/em>\u00a0Blainville, 1816<\/li>\n<li><em>Onchimira<\/em>\u00a0Martynov, Korshunova, N. Sanamyan &amp; K. Sanamyan, 2009<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Phyllidioidea Rafinesque, 1814\n<ul>\n<li>Dendrodorididae O&#8217;Donoghue, 1924 (1864)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Dendrodoris<\/em>\u00a0Ehrenberg, 1831<\/li>\n<li><em>Doriopsilla<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1880<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Forjacellidae Ortea &amp; Moro, 2023\n<ul>\n<li><em>Forjacella<\/em>\u00a0Ortea &amp; Moro, 2023<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Mandeliidae \u00c1. Vald\u00e9s &amp; Gosliner, 1999\n<ul>\n<li><em>Mandelia<\/em>\u00a0\u00c1. Vald\u00e9s &amp; Gosliner, 1999<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Phyllidiidae Rafinesque, 1814\n<ul>\n<li><em>Ceratophyllidia<\/em>\u00a0Eliot, 1903<\/li>\n<li><em>Phyllidia<\/em>\u00a0Cuvier, 1797<\/li>\n<li><em>Phyllidiella<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1869<\/li>\n<li><em>Phyllidiopsis<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1876<\/li>\n<li><em>Reticulidia<\/em>\u00a0Brunckhorst, 1990<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Polyceroidea Alder &amp; Hancock, 1845\n<ul>\n<li>Polyceridae Alder &amp; Hancock, 1845\n<ul>\n<li>Kalinginae Pruvot-Fol, 1956\n<ul>\n<li><em>Kalinga<\/em>\u00a0Alder &amp; Hancock, 1864<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Kankelibranchinae Ortea, Espinosa &amp; Caballer, 2005\n<ul>\n<li><em>Kankelibranchus<\/em>\u00a0Ortea, Espinosa &amp; Caballer, 2005<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Nembrothinae Burn, 1967\n<ul>\n<li><em>Martadoris<\/em>\u00a0Willan &amp; Y.-W. Chang, 2017<\/li>\n<li><em>Nembrotha<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1877<\/li>\n<li><em>Roboastra<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1877<\/li>\n<li><em>Tambja<\/em>\u00a0Burn, 1962<\/li>\n<li><em>Tyrannodoris<\/em>\u00a0Willan &amp; Y.-W. Chang, 2017<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Okadaiinae Baba, 1930\n<ul>\n<li><em>Vayssierea<\/em>\u00a0Risbec, 1928<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Polycerinae Alder &amp; Hancock, 1845\n<ul>\n<li><em>Gymnodoris<\/em>\u00a0W. Stimpson, 1855<\/li>\n<li><em>Lamellana<\/em>\u00a0G.-Y. Lin, 1992<\/li>\n<li><em>Lecithophorus<\/em>\u00a0Macnae, 1958<\/li>\n<li><em>Palio<\/em>\u00a0Gray, 1857<\/li>\n<li><em>Paliolla<\/em>\u00a0Burn, 1958<\/li>\n<li><em>Paliota<\/em>\u00a0Pola, Miguel-Gonz\u00e1lez &amp; Paz-Sedano, 2023<\/li>\n<li><em>Polycera<\/em>\u00a0Cuvier, 1816<\/li>\n<li><em>Polycerella<\/em>\u00a0A. E. Verrill, 1880<\/li>\n<li><em>Thecacera<\/em>\u00a0J. Fleming, 1828<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Triophinae Odhner, 1941\n<ul>\n<li><em>Colga<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1880<\/li>\n<li><em>Crimora<\/em>\u00a0Alder &amp; Hancock, 1862<\/li>\n<li><em>Holoplocamus<\/em>\u00a0Odhner, 1926<\/li>\n<li><em>Joubiniopsis<\/em>\u00a0Risbec, 1928<\/li>\n<li><em>Kaloplocamus<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1880<\/li>\n<li><em>Limacia<\/em>\u00a0O. F. M\u00fcller, 1781<\/li>\n<li><em>Plocamopherus<\/em>\u00a0R\u00fcppell &amp; Leuckart, 1828<\/li>\n<li><em>Triopha<\/em>\u00a0Bergh, 1880<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Doridacean groups recorded in the Mediterranean or around the Iberian Peninsula:<\/p>\n\r\n    <div\r\n        class=\"autonav-grid autonav-columns-3\"\r\n    >\r\n\r\n        \r\n            \r\n            <article class=\"autonav-card\">\r\n\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/doridida\/doridoidei\/doridoidea\/\">\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                        <div class=\"autonav-image\">\r\n\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/MPG_2440-rostanga-rubra.jpg?fit=900%2C600&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"autonav-thumb\" alt=\"Rostanga rubra @ Costa Brava, Spain by Miquel Pontes\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/MPG_2440-rostanga-rubra.jpg?w=1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/MPG_2440-rostanga-rubra.jpg?resize=150%2C100&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/MPG_2440-rostanga-rubra.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" data-attachment-id=\"11670\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/doridida\/doridoidei\/doridoidea\/rostanga-rubra\/mpg_2440-rostanga-rubra\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/MPG_2440-rostanga-rubra.jpg?fit=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1024,683\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-title=\"Rostanga rubra @ Costa Brava, Spain by Miquel Pontes\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Rostanga rubra @ Costa Brava, Spain by Miquel Pontes&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Rostanga rubra @ Costa Brava, Spain&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/MPG_2440-rostanga-rubra.jpg?fit=900%2C600&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                    <div class=\"autonav-content\">\r\n\r\n                        <h3>\r\n                            Doridoidea                        <\/h3>\r\n\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <\/a>\r\n\r\n            <\/article>\r\n\r\n        \r\n            \r\n            <article class=\"autonav-card\">\r\n\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/doridida\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/\">\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                        <div class=\"autonav-image\">\r\n\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"550\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Okenia-elegans-28mm-%40-Ka%C5%A1uni-Split-Croatia-4-03-2016-7m-by-Jakov-Prki%C4%87.jpg?fit=800%2C550&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"autonav-thumb\" alt=\"Okenia elegans 28mm @ Ka\u0161uni, Split (Croatia) 4-03-2016 7m by Jakov Prki\u0107\" loading=\"lazy\" data-attachment-id=\"21559\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/doridida\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/okenia-elegans\/okenia-elegans-28mm-kasuni-split-croatia-4-03-2016-7m-by-jakov-prkic\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Okenia-elegans-28mm-%40-Ka%C5%A1uni-Split-Croatia-4-03-2016-7m-by-Jakov-Prki%C4%87.jpg?fit=800%2C550&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"800,550\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-title=\"Okenia elegans 28mm @ Ka\u0161uni, Split (Croatia) 4-03-2016 7m by Jakov Prki\u0107\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Okenia elegans 28mm @ Ka\u0161uni, Split (Croatia) 4-03-2016 7m by Jakov Prki\u0107&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Okenia elegans 28mm @ Ka\u0161uni, Split (First cite for Croatia) 4-03-2016 7m by Jakov Prki\u0107&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Okenia-elegans-28mm-%40-Ka%C5%A1uni-Split-Croatia-4-03-2016-7m-by-Jakov-Prki%C4%87.jpg?fit=800%2C550&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                    <div class=\"autonav-content\">\r\n\r\n                        <h3>\r\n                            Onchidoridoidea                        <\/h3>\r\n\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <\/a>\r\n\r\n            <\/article>\r\n\r\n        \r\n            \r\n            <article class=\"autonav-card\">\r\n\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/doridida\/doridoidei\/phyllidioidea\/\">\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                        <div class=\"autonav-image\">\r\n\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"598\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/MPG_8549-Dendrodoris-limbata.jpg?fit=900%2C598&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"autonav-thumb\" alt=\"Dendrodoris limbata (adult) @ Costa Brava (Spain) by Miquel Pontes\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/MPG_8549-Dendrodoris-limbata.jpg?w=1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/MPG_8549-Dendrodoris-limbata.jpg?resize=150%2C100&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/MPG_8549-Dendrodoris-limbata.jpg?resize=300%2C199&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" data-attachment-id=\"24218\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/doridida\/doridoidei\/phyllidioidea\/dendrodoris-limbata\/mpg_8549-dendrodoris-limbata\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/MPG_8549-Dendrodoris-limbata.jpg?fit=1024%2C680&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1024,680\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-title=\"Dendrodoris limbata (adult) @ Costa Brava (Spain) by Miquel Pontes\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Dendrodoris limbata (adult) @ Costa Brava (Spain) by Miquel Pontes&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Dendrodoris limbata (adult) @ Costa Brava (Spain)&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/MPG_8549-Dendrodoris-limbata.jpg?fit=900%2C598&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                    <div class=\"autonav-content\">\r\n\r\n                        <h3>\r\n                            Phyllidioidea                        <\/h3>\r\n\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <\/a>\r\n\r\n            <\/article>\r\n\r\n        \r\n            \r\n            <article class=\"autonav-card\">\r\n\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/doridida\/doridoidei\/polyceroidea\/\">\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                        <div class=\"autonav-image\">\r\n\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"635\" height=\"456\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Palio-nothus-%40-Loch-Sween-Scotland-20160206-by-Matt-Barnes-NE-Atlantic-Nudibranchs-.jpg?fit=635%2C456&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"autonav-thumb\" alt=\"Palio nothus @ Loch Sween, Scotland 20160206 by Matt Barnes (NE Atlantic Nudibranchs )\" loading=\"lazy\" data-attachment-id=\"21573\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/doridida\/doridoidei\/polyceroidea\/palio-nothus\/palio-nothus-loch-sween-scotland-20160206-by-matt-barnes-ne-atlantic-nudibranchs\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Palio-nothus-%40-Loch-Sween-Scotland-20160206-by-Matt-Barnes-NE-Atlantic-Nudibranchs-.jpg?fit=635%2C456&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"635,456\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-title=\"Palio nothus @ Loch Sween, Scotland 20160206  by Matt Barnes  (NE Atlantic Nudibranchs )\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Palio nothus @ Loch Sween, Scotland 20160206  by Matt Barnes  (NE Atlantic Nudibranchs )&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Palio nothus @ Loch Sween, Scotland 20160206 &lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Palio-nothus-%40-Loch-Sween-Scotland-20160206-by-Matt-Barnes-NE-Atlantic-Nudibranchs-.jpg?fit=635%2C456&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                    <div class=\"autonav-content\">\r\n\r\n                        <h3>\r\n                            Polyceroidea                        <\/h3>\r\n\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <\/a>\r\n\r\n            <\/article>\r\n\r\n        \r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    \n<p><p><strong>Bibliography<\/strong><\/p><ul><div id=\"zotpress-696fd75958d9948589bdf677ad428ad4\" class=\"zp-Zotpress zp-Zotpress-Bib wp-block-group\">\n\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_API_USER_ID ZP_ATTR\">1246567<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ITEM_KEY ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_COLLECTION_ID ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TAG_ID ZP_ATTR\">Doridoidei<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_AUTHOR ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_YEAR ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_ITEMTYPE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_INCLUSIVE ZP_ATTR\">1<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_STYLE ZP_ATTR\">eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_LIMIT ZP_ATTR\">50<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SORTBY ZP_ATTR\">creator<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ORDER ZP_ATTR\">asc<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TITLE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SHOWIMAGE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SHOWTAGS ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_DOWNLOADABLE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_NOTES ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ABSTRACT ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_CITEABLE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TARGET ZP_ATTR\">1<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_URLWRAP ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_FORCENUM ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_HIGHLIGHT ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_POSTID ZP_ATTR\">450<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZOTPRESS_PLUGIN_URL ZP_ATTR\">https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/plugins\/zotpress\/<\/span>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"zp-List loading\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"zp-SEO-Content\">\n\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-zp-SEO-Content -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-List -->\n\t<\/div><!--.zp-Zotpress-->\n\n<p><\/p>Bibliography based on the works by <b>Steve Long, 2006<\/b>. <a target=_blank href=https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Long-S.-2006-Bibliography-of-Opisthobranchia-1554-2000.pdf>Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000<\/a> and <b>Gary McDonald, 2009<\/b>. <a href=http:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/8115h0wz>Bibliographia Nudibranchia<\/a>, with later updates from other resources.<p><\/p><\/ul><p><\/p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Doridacean nudibranchs are characterized by having a more or less dorsoventrally flattened body, by the presence of large mantle that may have embedded spicules and may also have different projections (tubers, papillae) and the existence of a\u00a0dorsal\u00a0branchial plume formed by several branchial leaves surrounding the anus. Rhinophores are found in the anterior region of the notum, provided with lamellae and retractile (cryptobranch doridaceans) or just contractile (fanerobranch doridaceans). The doridaceans\u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"continue-reading-button\"> <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/doridida\/doridoidei\/\">Continue reading<i class=\"crycon-right-dir\"><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":291,"featured_media":4616,"parent":7700,"menu_order":6147,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-450","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/450","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/291"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=450"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/450\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":47757,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/450\/revisions\/47757"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7700"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4616"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=450"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}