{"id":46006,"date":"2025-02-27T09:37:09","date_gmt":"2025-02-27T08:37:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/?page_id=46006"},"modified":"2025-10-29T16:29:13","modified_gmt":"2025-10-29T15:29:13","slug":"rhodopoidea","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/rhodopoidea\/","title":{"rendered":"Rhodopoidea"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<h2>Rhodopoidea Ihering, 1876<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size:10pt;\" class=\"aligncenter\"><div id=\"featured-img-id\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Rhodope-roskoi-%40-Granada-by-David-Ballesteros.jpg?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Rhodope roskoi @ Granada by David Ballesteros\" \/><\/div><center><em>Rhodope roskoi @ Granada<\/em> by David Ballesteros<\/center><\/span><p><\/p><div class=\"opk-worms\"><h3>WoRMS Taxonomic Information<\/h3><div class=\"opk-success\">Current accepted name: <strong><em>Rhodopoidea<\/em> Ihering, 1876<\/strong><\/div><h4>Current classification<\/h4><table class=\"widefat striped\"><tr><th>Superdomain<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1\">Biota<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Kingdom<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=2\">Animalia<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Phylum<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=51\">Mollusca<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Class<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=101\">Gastropoda<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Subclass<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=14712\">Heterobranchia<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Infraclass<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1547253\">Mesoneura<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Superfamily<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1060136\">Rhodopoidea<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/table><p class=\"footer\">Classification provided by the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). [<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1060136\">1060136<\/a>]<\/p><\/div>Taxonomically placed within the Mesoneura group, the Rhodopoidea form a group of sea slugs, with the category of superfamily, which do not have a shell, have a worm-like body, and are microscopic. They live among the grains of sand of certain seabeds. Their diet is unknown.<\/p>\n<p>Mesopsammic heterobranchs are key elements to resolve the internal relationships of the different groups of Heterobranchia, where there are many unresolved positions, phylogenetically speaking. Certain key taxa, such as the Rhodopemorpha and the Acteonimorpha will apparently allow to clarify the key anatomical features that have led to the adaptation and diversification of the Heterobranchia.<\/p>\n<p>However, very few studies have been conducted focusing on the diversity of mesopsamic gastropods (e.g. Arnaud et al. 1986; Neusser et al. 2021) and even fewer in Mediterranean waters (e.g. Poizat 1984; J\u00f6rger et al. 2010). Among these works, there are very few studies of living interstitial heterobranchs, although vital traits are essential when a shell is not available to differentiate species.<\/p>\n<h4>Taxonomy of the Rhodopoidea<\/h4>\n<p><strong>Rhodopoidea Ihering, 1876<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rhodopidae Ihering, 1876\n<ul>\n<li><em>Helminthope<\/em>\u00a0Salvini-Plawen, 1991<\/li>\n<li><em>Rhodope<\/em>\u00a0Koelliker, 1847<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Species of <b>Rhodopoidea <\/b>cited in the Mediterranean Sea or around the Iberian Peninsula:<\/p>\n\r\n    <div\r\n        class=\"autonav-grid autonav-columns-3\"\r\n    >\r\n\r\n        \r\n            \r\n            <article class=\"autonav-card\">\r\n\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/rhodopoidea\/rhodope-roskoi\/\">\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                        <div class=\"autonav-image\">\r\n\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"599\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Rhodope-roskoi-%40-Granada-by-David-Ballesteros.jpg?fit=900%2C599&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"autonav-thumb\" alt=\"Rhodope roskoi @ Granada by David Ballesteros\" loading=\"lazy\" data-attachment-id=\"46007\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/rhodopoidea\/rhodope-roskoi-granada-by-david-ballesteros\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Rhodope-roskoi-%40-Granada-by-David-Ballesteros.jpg?fit=1000%2C666&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1000,666\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-title=\"Rhodope roskoi @ Granada by David Ballesteros\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Rhodope roskoi @ Granada by David Ballesteros&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Rhodope roskoi @ Granada&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Rhodope-roskoi-%40-Granada-by-David-Ballesteros.jpg?fit=900%2C599&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                    <div class=\"autonav-content\">\r\n\r\n                        <h3>\r\n                            Rhodope roskoi                        <\/h3>\r\n\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <\/a>\r\n\r\n            <\/article>\r\n\r\n        \r\n            \r\n            <article class=\"autonav-card\">\r\n\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/rhodopoidea\/rhodope-veranii\/\">\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                        <div class=\"autonav-image\">\r\n\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"591\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Rhodope-veranii-6mm-%40-Rovinj-Croatia-1985-by-Maria-Mizzarro-Wimmer.jpg?fit=800%2C591&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"autonav-thumb\" alt=\"Rhodope veranii 6mm @ Rovinj, Croatia 1985 by Maria Mizzarro-Wimmer\" loading=\"lazy\" data-attachment-id=\"46029\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/rhodopoidea\/rhodope-veranii\/rhodope-veranii-6mm-rovinj-croatia-1985-by-maria-mizzarro-wimmer\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Rhodope-veranii-6mm-%40-Rovinj-Croatia-1985-by-Maria-Mizzarro-Wimmer.jpg?fit=800%2C591&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"800,591\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-title=\"Rhodope veranii 6mm @ Rovinj, Croatia 1985 by Maria Mizzarro-Wimmer\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Rhodope veranii 6mm @ Rovinj, Croatia 1985 by Maria Mizzarro-Wimmer&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Rhodope veranii 6mm @ Rovinj, Croatia 1985&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Rhodope-veranii-6mm-%40-Rovinj-Croatia-1985-by-Maria-Mizzarro-Wimmer.jpg?fit=800%2C591&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                    <div class=\"autonav-content\">\r\n\r\n                        <h3>\r\n                            Rhodope veranii                        <\/h3>\r\n\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <\/a>\r\n\r\n            <\/article>\r\n\r\n        \r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    \n<p><p><strong>Bibliography<\/strong><\/p><ul><div id=\"zotpress-c88c77cd2d3b29bdc31b9e09620d09ae\" class=\"zp-Zotpress zp-Zotpress-Bib wp-block-group\">\n\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_API_USER_ID ZP_ATTR\">1246567<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ITEM_KEY ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_COLLECTION_ID ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TAG_ID ZP_ATTR\">Rhodopoidea<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_AUTHOR ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_YEAR ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_ITEMTYPE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_INCLUSIVE ZP_ATTR\">1<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_STYLE ZP_ATTR\">eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_LIMIT ZP_ATTR\">50<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SORTBY ZP_ATTR\">creator<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ORDER ZP_ATTR\">asc<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TITLE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SHOWIMAGE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SHOWTAGS ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_DOWNLOADABLE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_NOTES ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ABSTRACT ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_CITEABLE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TARGET ZP_ATTR\">1<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_URLWRAP ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_FORCENUM ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_HIGHLIGHT ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_POSTID 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id=\"zp-ID-46006-1246567-3MA66NIS\" data-zp-author-date='Arnaud-et-al.-1986' data-zp-date-author='1986-Arnaud-et-al.' data-zp-date='1986' data-zp-year='1986' data-zp-itemtype='book' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Arnaud, P. M., Poizat, C., Salvini Plawen, L. van. (1986). <i>Marine interstitial Gastropoda (including one freshwater interstitial species) pp 153-173, In: Lazare Botosaneanu. Stygofauna\u00a0 Mundi. A faunistic, distributional, and ecological synthesis of the world fauna inhabiting subterranean waters (including the marine interstitial). E. J. Brill.<\/i><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-46006-1246567-WR37PFVC\" data-zp-author-date='Bouchet-et-al.-2017' data-zp-date-author='2017-Bouchet-et-al.' data-zp-date='2017' data-zp-year='2017' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Bouchet, P., Rocroi, J. P., Hausdorf, B., Kaim, A., Kano, Y., N\u00fctzel, A., Parkhaev, P. et\u00a0al. (2017). Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. <i>Malacologia<\/i>, <i>61<\/i>(1-2), 1-526.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-46006-1246567-WHI89BDK\" data-zp-author-date='Brenzinger-et-al.-2013' data-zp-date-author='2013-Brenzinger-et-al.' data-zp-date='2013' data-zp-year='2013' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Brenzinger, B., Padula, V., Schroedl, M. (2013). Insemination by a kiss? Interactive 3D-microanatomy, biology and systematics of the mesopsammic cephalaspidean sea slug Pluscula cuica Marcus, 1953 from Brazil (Gastropoda: Euopisthobranchia: Philinoglossidae). <i>Organisms Diversity & Evolution<\/i>, <i>13<\/i>(1), 33-54. <a class=&#039;zp-DOIURL&#039; target=&#039;_blank&#039; href=&#039;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13127-012-0093-3&#039;>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13127-012-0093-3<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-46006-1246567-H93K72FD\" data-zp-author-date='Fern\u00e1ndez-Sim\u00f3n-et-al.-2025' data-zp-date-author='2025-Fern\u00e1ndez-Sim\u00f3n-et-al.' data-zp-date='2025' data-zp-year='2025' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Fern\u00e1ndez-Sim\u00f3n, J., Salvador, X., Moles, J. (2025). Digging in the sand: new species and records of mesopsammic sea slugs in the Western Mediterranean (Mollusca: Gastropoda). <i>Journal of Natural History<\/i>, <i>59<\/i>, 5-8, 411-454. <a class=&#039;zp-DOIURL&#039; target=&#039;_blank&#039; href=&#039;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00222933.2024.2439056&#039;>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00222933.2024.2439056<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-46006-1246567-HGKZ2QJG\" data-zp-author-date='J\u00f6rger-et-al.-2010' data-zp-date-author='2010-J\u00f6rger-et-al.' data-zp-date='2010' data-zp-year='2010' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">J\u00f6rger, K. M., St\u00f6ger, I., Kano, Y., Fukuda, H., Knebelsberger, T., Schr\u00f6dl, M. (2010). On the origin of Acochlidia and other enigmatic euthyneuran gastropods, with implications for the systematics of Heterobranchia. <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology<\/i>, <i>10<\/i>(DOI: 10.1186\/1471-2148-10-323).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-46006-1246567-DUWTTRA7\" data-zp-author-date='K\u00f6lliker-1847' data-zp-date-author='1847-K\u00f6lliker' data-zp-date='1847' data-zp-year='1847' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">K\u00f6lliker, A. (1847). Rhodope nuovo genere di gasteropodi. Giornale dell I. <i>R. 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Inventaire preliminaire des gasteropodes opisthobranches mesopsammiques de l\u2019archipel des Embiez (Var, France). <i>Vie Marine, Annales de la Fondation oceanographique Ricard<\/i>, <i>6<\/i>, 1-5.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-46006-1246567-VIDZ4U3F\" data-zp-author-date='Poizat-1984' data-zp-date-author='1984-Poizat' data-zp-date='1984' data-zp-year='1984' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Poizat, C. H. (1984). Seasonal variations of Mediterranean interstitial opisthobranch assemblages. <i>Hydrobiologia; Acta Hydrobiologica, Hydrographica, et Protistologica<\/i>, <i>118<\/i>, 83-94.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-46006-1246567-QMWCN43T\" data-zp-author-date='Salvini-Plawen-1991' data-zp-date-author='1991-Salvini-Plawen' data-zp-date='1991' data-zp-year='1991' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Salvini-Plawen, L. von. (1991). The status of Rhodopidae (Gastropoda: Euthyneura). <i>Malacologia<\/i>, <i>32<\/i>, 301-311.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-zp-SEO-Content -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-List -->\n\t<\/div><!--.zp-Zotpress-->\n\n<p><\/p>Bibliography based on the works by <b>Steve Long, 2006<\/b>. <a target=_blank href=https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Long-S.-2006-Bibliography-of-Opisthobranchia-1554-2000.pdf>Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000<\/a> and <b>Gary McDonald, 2009<\/b>. <a href=http:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/8115h0wz>Bibliographia Nudibranchia<\/a>, with later updates from other resources.<p><\/p><\/ul><p><\/p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rhodopoidea Ihering, 1876 Taxonomically placed within the Mesoneura group, the Rhodopoidea form a group of sea slugs, with the category of superfamily, which do not have a shell, have a worm-like body, and are microscopic. They live among the grains of sand of certain seabeds. Their diet is unknown. Mesopsammic heterobranchs are key elements to resolve the internal relationships of the different groups of Heterobranchia, where there are many unresolved\u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"continue-reading-button\"> <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/guia\/rhodopoidea\/\">Continue reading<i class=\"crycon-right-dir\"><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":46007,"parent":185,"menu_order":1030,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-46006","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46006","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=46006"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46006\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":47777,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46006\/revisions\/47777"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/185"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/46007"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=46006"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}