Hermaea bifida (Montagu, 1815)
Hermaea bifida @ Oosterschelde, Netherlands por Stefan Verheyen
Taxonomía | Superdomain | Biota |
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Mollusca |
| Class | Gastropoda |
| Subclass | Heterobranchia |
| Infraclass | Euthyneura |
| Subterclass | Tectipleura |
| Superorder | Sacoglossa |
| Superfamily | Plakobranchoidea |
| Family | Hermaeidae |
| Genus | Hermaea |
| Species | Hermaea bifida (Montagu, 1816) |
| |
| Clasificación según Bouchet et al. (2017) Fuente taxonómica: World Register of Marine Species (AphiaID: 140092). |
Sinónimos
- Doris bifida Montagu, 1815 (original)
- Hermaea hancockii Trinchese, 1877
- Physopneumon carneum A. Costa, 1864
- Physopneumon corneus Costa A., 1864
Descripción
Esta especie puede alcanzar algo más de 20 mm de longitud pero generalmente los ejemplares encontrados sobre las algas miden escasos milímetros de longitud. El cuerpo es estrecho, alargado y de una ligera tonalidad verde-amarillenta aunque semitransparente, pudiéndose observar en su interior los ganglios cerebrales, algunos órganos reproductores y digestivos como el bulbo bucal y el esófago. Dos líneas marrones o pardo-rojizas, correspondientes a la glándula digestiva, se pueden observar, una a cada lado del dorso, pasando muy cerca de la base de los cerata y llegando hasta casi el extremo de la cola. La cabeza es muy corta y con dos lóbulos redondeados en su margen anterior. Los rinóforos están situados muy anteriormente y son de tipo auriculado, estando abiertos por su lado externo; son semitransparentes y se pueden apreciar granulaciones blancas en la punta de los rinóforos, en su zona media y entre las dos bases de inserción de ellos en la cabeza. El extremo de los rinóforos diferencia dos lobulaciones, una dorsal más larga y otra ventral algo más corta. Los cerata son semitransparentes y muy extensibles y contráctiles, siendo largos y estilizados cuando el animal está en movimiento pero se acortan y engruesan cuando el animal está en posición de reposo. Los cerata, cuando están completamente extendidos son finos en la base y se van ensanchando hasta cerca del ápice, donde hay un tubérculo cónico apical y otros subapicales en número variable (máximo de 4-5). En los ejemplares pequeños de 4-5 mm, los cerata se insertan en el cuerpo de manera aislada o de dos en dos y frecuentemente son de tamaños muy dispares. En los ejemplares de mayor talla puede haber hasta 9-10 grupos de 2-3 cerata en cada lado del cuerpo. Dentro de los cerata, la glándula digestiva se aprecia en forma de un cordón estrecho longitudinal y recto, de color pardo, que tiene derivaciones perpendiculares que se dirigen hacia la punta de los tubérculos. Puede haber granulaciones blancas algo translúcidas en la superficie de los cerata, en especial en la punta de los tubérculos. La papila anal se encuentra justo delante de la zona cardíaca y es corta y de forma cónica, poseyendo granulaciones blancas cerca de su base. Los orificios genitales se encuentran a la derecha del cuerpo, entre el rinóforo y la base de inserción del primer cerata. El pie es relativamente estrecho, de tono amarillo-verduzco y tiene dos lobulaciones redondeadas en su zona anterior; pueden haber granulaciones blanquecinas en los márgenes del pie.
Biología
Esta especie de sacogloso vive a poca profundidad ente algas rodofíceas como la ceramial Griffithsia flosculosa, de la que al parecer se alimenta y de la que adquiere sus rodoplastos, lo que puede proporcionar la coloración pardo-rojiza a su glándula digestiva. Asímismo se ha recolectado a escasa profundidad (2-3 m) sobre la también rodofícea del género Lophosiphonia. La puesta es una cinta espiral plana de unos 5 mm de diámetro que posee huevos blancos de unas 50 μm de diámetro. Se puede confundir fácilmente con Hermaea cantabra, pero se distinguen por las rayas longitudinales en la cabeza y en los rinóforos, presentes en Hermaea cantabra y ausentes en Hermaea bifida.
Etimología
- Hermaea. Derivada de Hermes, personaje de la mitología griega.
- Bifida. Del Latín bifidatus, dividido en dos.
Distribución
Esta especie se conoce en aguas atlánticas de las Islas Británicas, en el Estrecho de Skagerrak (separa Noruega de Dinamarca), en la Península Ibérica y en el Mediterráneo occidental. También hay citas de su presencia en aguas del Mar Caribe. En la Península Ibérica ha sido citada en Galicia, en la costa portuguesa, en la costa atlántica andaluza, la zona del Estrecho de Gibraltar, en la costa levantina y en Cataluña. En aguas catalanas ha sido observada en diferentes localidades de la Costa Brava como Cadaqués, Cala Aiguafreda (Begur), Cala Margarida (Palamós) y Tossa de Mar. Las citas existentes de esta especie deberian ser revisadas por si correspondieran a ejemplares de Hermaea cantabra mal identificados.
Abundancia
Mediterráneo occidental: | ★★☆☆☆ |
Mediterráneo oriental: | ☆☆☆☆☆ |
Océano Atlántico: | ★★☆☆☆ |
MesEsta gráfica muestra la probabilidad de observación mensual de Hermaea bifida basada en nuestros propios registros.
Videos
Otras fotos
Hermaea bifida @ Mallorca by Lenka Juskaničová
Hermaea bifida @ Mallorca by Lenka Juskaničová
Hermaea bifida @ Oosterschelde, Netherlands by Stefan Verheyen
Hermaea bifida by Enric Madrenas
Hermaea bifida by Enric Madrenas
Hermaea bifida by Enric Madrenas
Hermaea bifida by Nani Díez
Hermaea bifida by Nani Díez
Bibliografía
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Bibliografía basada en los trabajos de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 y Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, con actualizaciones posteriores procedentes de otras fuentes.
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Ballesteros, M., Madrenas, E. & Pontes, M. (2023) "Hermaea bifida" en OPK-Opistobranquis. Publicado: 14/05/2012. Accedido: 27/09/2023. Disponible en (https://opistobranquis.info/es/?p=266)
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