{"id":30894,"date":"2020-11-29T15:54:42","date_gmt":"2020-11-29T14:54:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/?page_id=30894"},"modified":"2025-03-06T16:05:02","modified_gmt":"2025-03-06T15:05:02","slug":"cargoa-problematica","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/doridida\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/cargoa-problematica\/","title":{"rendered":"Cargoa problematica"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<h3><em>Cargoa problematica<\/em> (Pola, Paz-Sedano, Macali, Minchin, Marchini, Vitale, Licchelli &amp; Crocetta, 2019)<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size:10pt;\" class=\"aligncenter\"><div id=\"featured-img-id\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale-portada.jpg?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" \/><\/div><center><em>Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy)<\/em> por Fabio Vitale<\/center><\/span><p><\/p><div class=\"opk-worms\"><h3>Informaci\u00f3n taxon\u00f3mica WoRMS<\/h3><div class=\"opk-success\">Nombre aceptado actual: <strong><em>Cargoa problematica<\/em> (Pola, Paz-Sedano, Macali, Minchin, Marchini, Vitale, Licchelli &amp; Crocetta, 2019)<\/strong><\/div><h4>Clasificaci\u00f3n actual<\/h4><table class=\"widefat striped\"><tr><th>Superdomain<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1\">Biota<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Kingdom<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=2\">Animalia<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Phylum<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=51\">Mollusca<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Class<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=101\">Gastropoda<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Subclass<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=14712\">Heterobranchia<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Infraclass<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1057247\">Euthyneura<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Subterclass<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1057249\">Ringipleura<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Superorder<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=411966\">Nudipleura<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Order<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1829294\">Doridida<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Infraorder<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=246038\">Doridoidei<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Superfamily<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=246152\">Onchidoridoidea<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Family<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=174\">Goniodorididae<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Subfamily<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1723339\">Goniodoridinae<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Genus<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=741994\"><em>Cargoa<\/em><\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Species<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1723344\"><em>Cargoa problematica<\/em> (Pola, Paz-Sedano, Macali, Minchin, Marchini, Vitale, Licchelli &amp; Crocetta, 2019)<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/table><p class=\"footer\">Clasificaci\u00f3n proporcionada por el World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). [<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1723344\">1723344<\/a>]<\/p><\/div><strong>Nota taxon\u00f3mica:<\/strong>\u00a0Goniodorididae es una familia de peque\u00f1os nudibranquios d\u00f3ridos distribuidos por todo el mundo que se alimentan de entoproctos, ascidias y briozoos. Las relaciones evolutivas entre sus taxones han sido inciertas debido a los taxones limitados disponibles para an\u00e1lisis filogen\u00e9ticos; algunos g\u00e9neros son parafil\u00e9ticos. La familia incluye un n\u00famero notable de g\u00e9neros sinonimizados en los que la riqueza de especies est\u00e1 distribuida de manera desigual, unos g\u00e9neros tienen docenas de especies, mientras que otros son monoespec\u00edficos. Algunos clados son muy uniformes morfol\u00f3gicamente mientras que otros se consideran altamente variables. Paz Sedano et al (2024) utilizaron un enfoque de enriquecimiento objetivo de elementos ultraconservados para aumentar la resoluci\u00f3n filogen\u00e9tica de la estructura principal en Goniodorididae, y aumentaron la representaci\u00f3n de las especies al incluir cuatro marcadores gen\u00e9ticos de 109 especies de las casi 160 especies actualmente v\u00e1lidas. Como resultado, se dilucidaron dos subfamilias y once g\u00e9neros, y se resucitaron los g\u00e9neros sinonimizados\u00a0<em>Bermudella<\/em>,\u00a0<em>Cargoa<\/em>\u00a0y\u00a0<em>Ceratodoris<\/em>. Tambi\u00e9n demostraron que el comportamiento tr\u00f3fico podr\u00eda haber impulsado la evoluci\u00f3n de las especies y la singularidad morfol\u00f3gica de la familia.<br \/>\nLas especies de\u00a0<em>Cargoa<\/em>\u00a0comparten algunos rasgos: la presencia de cuatro papilas delgadas y lineales ubicadas delante de los rin\u00f3foros; una o dos papilas lineales adicionales, seguidas de papilas claviformes, con los extremos inflados, que se hacen m\u00e1s grandes hacia la parte posterior; una papila dorsal con la misma forma que las laterales; un color marr\u00f3n oscuro; y r\u00e1dula peque\u00f1a con alrededor de diez filas de dientes (no m\u00e1s de 20). Aunque no hay evidencia clara de la preferencia de presa de la especie, estos moluscos pueden alimentarse de briozoos ctenostomos sobre los que ha sido citada, incluidas especies de\u00a0<em>Amathia, Margaretta<\/em>\u00a0y\u00a0<em>Anguinella<\/em>. Las especies de\u00a0<em>Cargoa<\/em>\u00a0se encuentran en ambas costas del Oc\u00e9ano Atl\u00e1ntico y en el Mar Mediterr\u00e1neo.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sin\u00f3nimos<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Okenia impexa banyulensis<\/em> Schmekel, 1979 (no disponible bajo ICZN Art. 15.1: nombre propuesto condicionalmente en 1960)<\/li>\n<li><em>Okenia problematica<\/em> Pola, Paz-Sedano, Macali, Minchin, Marchini, Vitale, Licchelli et Crocetta, 2019<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Descripci\u00f3n<br \/>\n<\/strong>Cuerpo alargado, de color blanco transl\u00facido salpicado de manchas marrones bastante concentradas, con manchas blanco-amarillentas dispersas al azar. Todo el cuerpo est\u00e1 cubierto por esp\u00edculas bastante evidentes, y termina en una cola blanca transl\u00facida, larga y puntiaguda, cubierta con puntos marrones y puntos principalmente blancos dispersos. El borde del noto est\u00e1 bien desarrollado, con 8 papilas laterales distribuidas sim\u00e9tricamente a cada lado del cuerpo. La distribuci\u00f3n de las papilas es la siguiente: una ubicada frente a los rin\u00f3foros, una al lado de los rin\u00f3foros, cuatro entre los rin\u00f3foros y las branquias, y dos situados detr\u00e1s de las branquias y que surgen del mismo tallo. La forma y el tama\u00f1o de las papilas es ligeramente variable; las dos papilas situadas en la parte delantera son largas y con forma de dedo, seguidas de una m\u00e1s corta y el resto aumentan de tama\u00f1o hacia la parte trasera del cuerpo. Todas las papilas ubicadas tras los rin\u00f3foros tienen una punta ancha y redondeada, m\u00e1s evidente en la papila ubicada detr\u00e1s de las branquias. Hay una \u00fanica papila en la l\u00ednea medio dorsal similar en forma y tama\u00f1o a las laterales, tambi\u00e9n con la punta redondeada. Los rin\u00f3foros son largos y delgados, del mismo patr\u00f3n de coloraci\u00f3n que el cuerpo, cada una con 6-9 lamelas en su porci\u00f3n distal. Las branquias se componen de cuatro ramas unipinnadas que rodean el ano, las dos ubicadas en la parte anterior una base com\u00fan. Hay dos tent\u00e1culos orales cortos flanqueando la boca. El pie es largo y delgado, de color blanco transl\u00facido, sin manchas, y con dos tent\u00e1culos propodiales peque\u00f1os y alargados en su cara anterior. El poro genital se encuentran en el lado derecho del cuerpo, generalmente cerca del rin\u00f3foro.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Biolog\u00eda<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>Cargoa problematica<\/em> parece ser com\u00fan a profundidades inferiores a los 10 m. Los espec\u00edmenes recolectados en Gallipoli (Italia) fueron encontrados en un arrecife artificial situado en un fondo arenoso, entre hidrozoos no identificados y briozoos incrustantes. Templado (1982), Vald\u00e9s y Ortea (1995), Garc\u00eda-G\u00f3mez et al. (2011) y Ballesteros et al. (2016) citan su presencia cr\u00edptica principalmente en fondos rocosos infralitorales (~ 5\u201310 m) con el briozoo <em>Margaretta cereoides<\/em> (Ellis &amp; Solander, 1786). Sin embargo, Schmekel (1979), Schmekel y Portmann (1982), Vald\u00e9s y Ortea (1995) y Ballesteros et al. (2016) tambi\u00e9n citan su presencia entre 5-15 m de profundidad en algas infralitorales como <em>Halimeda<\/em> J.V Lamouroux, 1812, las de la familia Corallinaceae Lamouroux, 1812 y <em>Codium vermilara<\/em> (Olivi) Delle Chiaje, 1829.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Etimolog\u00eda<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Cargoa<\/em>. En honor de David G. Cargo, un colega de los Drs. Vogel y Schultz del Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons Maryland, EE.UU.<\/li>\n<li><em>Problematica,<\/em> por su compleja historia taxon\u00f3mica.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Distribuci\u00f3n<br \/>\n<\/strong>La especie se ha descrito en base a ejemplares recolectados en Gallipoli (Lecce, Italia), Aiguafreda (Begur, Girona, Espa\u00f1a) y Cala Joncols (Roses, Girona, Espa\u00f1a). Los registros hallados en la bibliograf\u00eda de <em>Cargoa cupella<\/em> y <em>Cargoa impexa<\/em> del mar Mediterr\u00e1neo tambi\u00e9n pertenecen a este tax\u00f3n. <div id=\"flxmap-6a67da138ee3e\" class='flxmap-container' data-flxmap='flxmap_6a67da138ee3e' style=\"width:100%;height:400px;\"><\/div>\n<script data-noptimize=\"1\">\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/\n(function(w, fn) {\n if (w.addEventListener) w.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", fn, false);\n else if (w.attachEvent) w.attachEvent(\"onload\", fn);\n})(window, function() {\n var f = new FlexibleMap();\n f.panControl = true;\n f.mapTypeId = \"satellite\";\n f.setlocale(\"es-ES\");\n f.kmlcache = \"5 minutes\";\n f.showKML(\"flxmap-6a67da138ee3e\", \"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/30894.kmz\");\n window.flxmap_6a67da138ee3e = f;\n});\n\/* ]]> *\/\n<\/script>\n<div style=\"width:100%;text-align:center;margin:12px 0 4px 0;\">\n  <div style=\"font-size:8pt;margin-bottom:6px;\">Citas georeferenciadas conocidas de la especie: <em>Cargoa problematica<\/em><\/div>\n  <table style=\"margin:0 auto;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:8pt;\">\n    <tr><td colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:left;padding-bottom:4px;\"><strong>Fonts:<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td style=\"vertical-align:top;padding-right:40px;\">\n        <table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n<tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/wht-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>OBIS<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/ylw-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>GROC 2010-2011<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/grn-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Enric Madrenas<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/orange-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Jo\u00e3o Pedro Silva<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/pink-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Bernard Picton<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/blk-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>GBIF<\/td><\/tr>        <\/table>\n      <\/td>\n      <td style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\n        <table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n<tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/purple-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>OPK<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/red-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>VIMAR<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/blu-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Manuel Ballesteros<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/cyan-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>M@re Nostrum<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/grey-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Altres fonts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/marreg.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Marine Regions<\/td><\/tr>        <\/table>\n      <\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>Error:<\/strong> Chart.js no est\u00e1 disponible.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Otras fotos<br \/>\n<\/strong><div class=\"tiled-gallery type-rectangular tiled-gallery-unresized\" data-original-width=\"900\" data-carousel-extra='{&quot;blog_id&quot;:1,&quot;permalink&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/opistobranquis.info\\\/es\\\/guia\\\/doridida\\\/doridoidei\\\/onchidoridoidea\\\/cargoa-problematica\\\/&quot;,&quot;likes_blog_id&quot;:44192421}' itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\" > <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 900px; height: 635px;\" data-original-width=\"900\" data-original-height=\"635\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-2\" style=\"width: 419px; height: 635px;\" data-original-width=\"419\" data-original-height=\"635\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/doridida\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/cargoa-problematica\/olympus-digital-camera-9\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"415\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"314\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"4704\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-01.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"808,610\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Cargoa problematica by Enric Madrenas\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Cargoa problematica by Enric Madrenas&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-01.jpg?fit=300%2C226&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-01.jpg?fit=808%2C610&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-01.jpg?w=415&#038;h=314&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-01.jpg?w=808&amp;ssl=1 808w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-01.jpg?resize=300%2C226&amp;ssl=1 300w\" width=\"415\" height=\"314\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"415\" data-original-height=\"314\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Cargoa problematica by Enric Madrenas\" alt=\"Cargoa problematica by Enric Madrenas\" style=\"width: 415px; height: 314px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Cargoa problematica <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/doridida\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/cargoa-problematica\/olympus-digital-camera-10\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"415\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"313\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"4705\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-03.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"808,610\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Cargoa problematica by Enric Madrenas\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Cargoa problematica by Enric Madrenas&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-03.jpg?fit=300%2C226&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-03.jpg?fit=808%2C610&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-03.jpg?w=415&#038;h=313&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-03.jpg?w=808&amp;ssl=1 808w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-03.jpg?resize=300%2C226&amp;ssl=1 300w\" width=\"415\" height=\"313\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"415\" data-original-height=\"313\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Cargoa problematica by Enric Madrenas\" alt=\"Cargoa problematica by Enric Madrenas\" style=\"width: 415px; height: 313px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Cargoa problematica by Enric Madrenas <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 481px; height: 635px;\" data-original-width=\"481\" data-original-height=\"635\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/doridida\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/cargoa-problematica\/olympus-digital-camera-11\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"477\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"631\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"4706\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-04.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"461,610\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Cargoa problematica by Enric Madrenas\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Cargoa problematica by Enric Madrenas&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-04.jpg?fit=226%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-04.jpg?fit=461%2C610&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-04.jpg?w=477&#038;h=631&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-04.jpg?w=461&amp;ssl=1 461w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-04.jpg?resize=226%2C300&amp;ssl=1 226w\" width=\"477\" height=\"631\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"477\" data-original-height=\"631\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Cargoa problematica by Enric Madrenas\" alt=\"Cargoa problematica by Enric Madrenas\" style=\"width: 477px; height: 631px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Cargoa problematica by Enric Madrenas <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 900px; height: 469px;\" data-original-width=\"900\" data-original-height=\"469\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 620px; height: 469px;\" data-original-width=\"620\" data-original-height=\"469\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/doridida\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/cargoa-problematica\/olympus-digital-camera-12\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"616\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"465\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"4707\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-07.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"808,610\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Cargoa problematica by Enric Madrenas\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Cargoa problematica by Enric Madrenas&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-07.jpg?fit=300%2C226&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-07.jpg?fit=808%2C610&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-07.jpg?w=616&#038;h=465&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-07.jpg?w=808&amp;ssl=1 808w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/okenia-impexa-07.jpg?resize=300%2C226&amp;ssl=1 300w\" width=\"616\" height=\"465\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"616\" data-original-height=\"465\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Cargoa problematica by Enric Madrenas\" alt=\"Cargoa problematica by Enric Madrenas\" style=\"width: 616px; height: 465px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Cargoa problematica by Enric Madrenas <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-2\" style=\"width: 280px; height: 469px;\" data-original-width=\"280\" data-original-height=\"469\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/doridida\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/cargoa-problematica\/okenia-problematica-gallipolli-lecce-italy-by-fabio-vitale\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"276\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"184\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"30907\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-@-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1280,853\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale.jpg?fit=300%2C200&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale.jpg?fit=900%2C599&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale.jpg?w=276&#038;h=184&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"276\" height=\"184\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"276\" data-original-height=\"184\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" alt=\"Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" style=\"width: 276px; height: 184px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/doridida\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/cargoa-problematica\/okenia-problematica-gallipolli-lecce-italy-by-fabio-vitale-pt_dorsale\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"276\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"277\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"30908\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-@-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale-PT_dorsale.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"375,375\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale-PT_dorsale.jpg?fit=300%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale-PT_dorsale.jpg?fit=375%2C375&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale-PT_dorsale.jpg?w=276&#038;h=277&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"276\" height=\"277\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"276\" data-original-height=\"277\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" alt=\"Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" style=\"width: 276px; height: 277px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 900px; height: 165px;\" data-original-width=\"900\" data-original-height=\"165\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 245px; height: 165px;\" data-original-width=\"245\" data-original-height=\"165\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/doridida\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/cargoa-problematica\/okenia-problematica-gallipolli-lecce-italy-by-fabio-vitale-dsc_4726\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"241\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"161\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"30909\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-@-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale-DSC_4726.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,683\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Cargoa problematica (compared with Flabellina affinis) @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Cargoa problematica (compared with Flabellina affinis) @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale-DSC_4726.jpg?fit=300%2C200&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale-DSC_4726.jpg?fit=900%2C600&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale-DSC_4726.jpg?w=241&#038;h=161&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"241\" height=\"161\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"241\" data-original-height=\"161\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Cargoa problematica (compared with Flabellina affinis) @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" alt=\"Cargoa problematica (compared with Flabellina affinis) @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" style=\"width: 241px; height: 161px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Cargoa problematica (compared with Flabellina affinis) @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 165px; height: 165px;\" data-original-width=\"165\" data-original-height=\"165\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/doridida\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/cargoa-problematica\/okenia-problematica-gallipolli-lecce-italy-by-fabio-vitale-dsc_4783\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"161\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"161\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"30910\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-@-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale-DSC_4783.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"900,900\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale-DSC_4783.jpg?fit=300%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale-DSC_4783.jpg?fit=900%2C900&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale-DSC_4783.jpg?w=161&#038;h=161&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"161\" height=\"161\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"161\" data-original-height=\"161\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" alt=\"Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" style=\"width: 161px; height: 161px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 245px; height: 165px;\" data-original-width=\"245\" data-original-height=\"165\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/doridida\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/cargoa-problematica\/okenia-problematica-underside-gallipolli-lecce-italy-by-fabio-vitale\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"241\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"161\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"30911\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-underside-@-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1280,853\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Cargoa problematica (underside) @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Cargoa problematica (underside) @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-underside-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale.jpg?fit=300%2C200&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-underside-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale.jpg?fit=900%2C599&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-underside-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale.jpg?w=241&#038;h=161&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"241\" height=\"161\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"241\" data-original-height=\"161\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Cargoa problematica (underside) @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" alt=\"Cargoa problematica (underside) @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" style=\"width: 241px; height: 161px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Cargoa problematica (underside) @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 245px; height: 165px;\" data-original-width=\"245\" data-original-height=\"165\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/doridida\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/cargoa-problematica\/okenia-problematica-gallipolli-lecce-italy-by-fabio-vitale-3\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"241\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"161\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"30914\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-@-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale-2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1280,853\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-title=\"Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale-2.jpg?fit=300%2C200&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale-2.jpg?fit=900%2C599&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Okenia-problematica-%40-Gallipolli-Lecce-Italy-by-Fabio-Vitale-2.jpg?w=241&#038;h=161&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"241\" height=\"161\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"241\" data-original-height=\"161\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" alt=\"Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale\" style=\"width: 241px; height: 161px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Cargoa problematica @ Gallipolli (Lecce, Italy) by Fabio Vitale <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <\/div><\/p>\n<p><strong>Bibliograf\u00eda<\/strong><\/p><ul><div id=\"zotpress-2fd2cfdee50fd014444549e18554dcd7\" class=\"zp-Zotpress zp-Zotpress-Bib wp-block-group\">\n\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_API_USER_ID ZP_ATTR\">1246567<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ITEM_KEY ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_COLLECTION_ID ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TAG_ID ZP_ATTR\">Cargoa problematica<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_AUTHOR ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_YEAR ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_ITEMTYPE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_INCLUSIVE ZP_ATTR\">1<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_STYLE ZP_ATTR\">eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_LIMIT ZP_ATTR\">50<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SORTBY ZP_ATTR\">creator<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ORDER ZP_ATTR\">asc<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TITLE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SHOWIMAGE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SHOWTAGS ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_DOWNLOADABLE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_NOTES ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ABSTRACT ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_CITEABLE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TARGET ZP_ATTR\">1<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_URLWRAP ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_FORCENUM ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_HIGHLIGHT ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_POSTID ZP_ATTR\">30894<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZOTPRESS_PLUGIN_URL ZP_ATTR\">https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/plugins\/zotpress\/<\/span>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"zp-List loading\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"zp-SEO-Content\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ZP_JSON ZP_ATTR\">%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A0%2C%22request_next%22%3A0%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22BAE9P36R%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ballesteros%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBallesteros%2C%20M.%2C%20Madrenas%2C%20E.%2C%20Pontes%2C%20M.%20%282016%29.%20Actualizaci%26%23xF3%3Bn%20del%20cat%26%23xE1%3Blogo%20de%20los%20moluscos%20opistobranquios%20%28Gastropoda%3A%20Heterobranchia%29%20de%20las%20costas%20catalanas.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BSpira%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B6%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%201-28.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Actualizaci%5Cu00f3n%20del%20cat%5Cu00e1logo%20de%20los%20moluscos%20opistobranquios%20%28Gastropoda%3A%20Heterobranchia%29%20de%20las%20costas%20catalanas%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ballesteros%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Madrenas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pontes%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22An%20extension%20of%20the%20checklist%20of%20opisthobranch%20species%20%28Gastropoda%3A%20Heterobranchia%29%20known%20from%20the%20Catalan%20Coasts%20is%20presented%2C%20based%20on%20numerous%20unpublished%20findings%20by%20the%20authors%20and%20reports%20confirmed%20with%20pictures%20posted%20in%20several%20Internet%20platforms.%20A%20total%20of%2053%20species%20are%20added%20to%20the%20previous%20catalog%3A%204%20Cephalaspidea%2C%209%20Runcinacea%2C%203%20Anaspidea%2C%208%20Sacoglossa%20and%2029%20Nudibranchia%20%2811%20Doridacea%2C%2010%20Aeolidacea%2C%202%20Dendronotacea%20and%206%20Cladobranchia%20incertae%20sedis%29.%20Data%20for%20the%20different%20reports%20of%20each%20of%20these%20species%20are%20provided%2C%20along%20with%20some%20biological%2C%20distribution%20or%20taxonomical%20remarks%20of%20interest.%20Finally%2C%20an%20updated%20and%20taxonomically%20sorted%20list%20of%20all%20opisthobranch%20species%20known%20for%20Catalonia%20is%20provided%2C%20including%20a%20total%20of%20257%20species%2C%20of%20which%209%20are%20basal%20Heterobranchia%2C%2035%20Cephalaspidea%2C%2013%20Runcinacea%2C%2010%20Anaspidea%2C%2022%20Sacoglossa%2C%208%20Pleurobranchomorpha%2C%202%20Umbraculida%2C%203%20Gymnosomata%2C%2011%20Thecosomata%20and%20144%20Nudibranchia%20%2866%20Doridacea%2C%2051%20Aeolidida%2C%2012%20Dendronotida%2C%2012%20Cladobranchia%20incertae%20sedis%20and%203%20Euarminida%29.%20With%20all%20the%20new%20data%20reported%20in%20this%20paper%2C%20and%20regarding%20opisthobranch%20mollusks%2C%20the%20Catalan%20Coast%20becomes%20the%20biologically%20most%20diverse%20geographical%20region%20in%20the%20Iberian%20Peninsula.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-12-15T21%3A59%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NTMAT2GD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ballesteros%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBallesteros%2C%20M.%2C%20Pontes%2C%20M.%2C%20Madrenas%2C%20E.%20%282019%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BEls%20nudibranquis%20del%20mar%20catal%26%23xE0%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Brau%20Edicions.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Els%20nudibranquis%20del%20mar%20catal%5Cu00e0%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ballesteros%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pontes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Madrenas%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Nova%20guia%20de%20camp%20de%20la%20col%5Cu00b7lecci%5Cu00f3%20de%20natura%20%5Cu201cMaluquer%5Cu201d%2C%20dedicada%20als%20nudibranquis%20%28bavoses%20o%20llimacs%20de%20mar%29%20del%20nostre%20pa%5Cu00eds%2C%20d%5Cu2019espectaculars%20formes%20i%20coloracions.%20%5Cu00c9s%20la%20primera%20dedicada%20a%20aquests%20mol%5Cu00b7lusc%20a%20l%5Cu2019%5Cu00e0mbit%20de%20les%20costes%20catalanes%20on%20s%5Cu2019expliquen%2C%20a%20m%5Cu00e9s%20dels%20detalls%20morfol%5Cu00f2gics%2C%20altres%20caracter%5Cu00edstiques%20%28h%5Cu00e0bitat%2C%20alimentaci%5Cu00f3%2C%20reproducci%5Cu00f3%2C%20distribuci%5Cu00f3%20al%20territori%2C%20etc%29.%20La%20guia%20recull%20al%20voltant%20de%20150%20esp%5Cu00e8cies%20organitzades%20en%20fitxes%20que%2C%20fins%20el%20moment%2C%20s%5Cu00f3n%20les%20que%20es%20coneixen%20a%20Catalunya%20i%20compta%20amb%20altres%20textos%20d%5Cu2019informaci%5Cu00f3%20general%2C%20un%20glossari%20de%20paraules%20t%5Cu00e8cniques%2C%20un%20%5Cu00edndex%20alfab%5Cu00e8tic%20d%5Cu2019esp%5Cu00e8cies%2C%20etc.%20Cada%20fitxa%20cont%5Cu00e9%20una%20impressionant%20fotografia%20que%20permetr%5Cu00e0%20l%5Cu2019observaci%5Cu00f3%20i%20la%20identificaci%5Cu00f3.%20El%20text%20divulgatiu%20i%20les%20imatges%20il%5Cu00b7lustratives%20permeten%20que%20la%20guia%20sigui%20utilitzada%20per%20a%20tots%20el%20p%5Cu00fablics%2C%20tan%20aficionats%20al%20busseig%20com%20professionals%20de%20la%20biologia%20submarina.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22originalDate%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPublisher%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22format%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-84-15885-92-4%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22Catal%5Cu00e0%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2222WZ5MYR%22%2C%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-12-15T21%3A59%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22US4WQRA3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ballesteros%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222026%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBallesteros%2C%20M.%2C%20Madrenas%2C%20E.%2C%20Pontes%2C%20M.%20%282026%29.%20OPK%20-%20Opistobranquis.%20Disponible%20en%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fopistobranquis.info%5C%2F%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fopistobranquis.info%5C%2F%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%5BAccedido%206%20de%20marzo%20de%202026%5D%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22OPK%20-%20Opistobranquis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ballesteros%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Madrenas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pontes%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20website%20about%20the%20Mediterranean%20and%20Iberian%20opisthobranch%20species%2C%20including%20those%20from%20Eastern%20Atlantic%20shores%20and%20archipielagos.%20With%20detailed%20descriptions%2C%20pictures%2C%20videos%2C%20bibliography%20and%20links%20to%20other%20relevant%20websites.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222026%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fopistobranquis.info%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2222WZ5MYR%22%2C%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-03-08T18%3A41%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2245NMNEPD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bedulli%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221995%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBedulli%2C%20D.%2C%20Cattaneo-Vietti%2C%20R.%2C%20Chemello%2C%20R.%2C%20Ghisotti%2C%20F.%2C%20Giovine%2C%20F.%20%281995%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BGastropoda%20Opisthobranchia%2C%20Divasibranchia%2C%20Gymnomorpha%2C%20Fascicolo%2015%2C%20pp.%201-23.%26%23xA0%3B%20In%3A%20A.%20Minelli%2C%20A.%20Ruffo%2C%20%26amp%3B%20S.%20La%20Posta%20%28Eds.%29.%20Checklist%20delle%20specie%20fauna%20italiana%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Calderini.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Gastropoda%20Opisthobranchia%2C%20Divasibranchia%2C%20Gymnomorpha%2C%20Fascicolo%2015%2C%20pp.%201-23.%20%20In%3A%20A.%20Minelli%2C%20A.%20Ruffo%2C%20%26%20S.%20La%20Posta%20%28Eds.%29.%20Checklist%20delle%20specie%20fauna%20italiana%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniele%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bedulli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cattaneo-Vietti%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chemello%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ghisotti%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Giovine%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221995%22%2C%22originalDate%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPublisher%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22format%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-12-15T21%3A59%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BESQIQHG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cattaneo-Vietti%20and%20Barletta%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221984%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BCattaneo-Vietti%2C%20R.%2C%20Barletta%2C%20G.%20%281984%29.%20Elenco%20preliminare%20dei%20molluschi%20opistobranchi%20viventi%20nel%20Mediterraneo%20%28Sacoglossa%2C%20Pleurobranchomorpha%2C%20Acochlidiacea%2C%20Aplysiomorpha%2C%20Nudibranchia%29.%20Bollettino%20Malacologico%20%28Pubblicazione%20Mensile%20Edita%20dalla%20Societa%20Italiana%20di%20Malacologia%29%2020%289-12%29%3A195-218.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Elenco%20preliminare%20dei%20molluschi%20opistobranchi%20viventi%20nel%20Mediterraneo%20%28Sacoglossa%2C%20Pleurobranchomorpha%2C%20Acochlidiacea%2C%20Aplysiomorpha%2C%20Nudibranchia%29.%20Bollettino%20Malacologico%20%28Pubblicazione%20Mensile%20Edita%20dalla%20Societa%20Italiana%20di%20Malacologia%29%2020%289-12%29%3A195-218.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cattaneo-Vietti%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barletta%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221984%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-05-14T13%3A00%3A20Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226NSGWX88%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cattaneo-Vietti%20and%20Thompson%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221989%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BCattaneo-Vietti%2C%20R.%2C%20Thompson%2C%20T.%20E.%20%281989%29.%20Mediterranean%20opisthobranch%20molluscs%3A%20a%20zoogeographic%20approach.%20Bollettino%20Malacologico%20%28Pubblicazione%20Mensile%20Edita%20dalla%20Societa%20Italiana%20di%20Malacologia%29%2025%285-8%29%3A183-204.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Mediterranean%20opisthobranch%20molluscs%3A%20a%20zoogeographic%20approach.%20Bollettino%20Malacologico%20%28Pubblicazione%20Mensile%20Edita%20dalla%20Societa%20Italiana%20di%20Malacologia%29%2025%285-8%29%3A183-204.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cattaneo-Vietti%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thompson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221989%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-12-15T21%3A59%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22FKXZHEIQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cattaneo-Vietti%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221990%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BCattaneo-Vietti%2C%20R.%2C%20Chemello%2C%20R.%2C%20Giannuzzi-Savelli%2C%20R.%20%281990%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BAtlas%20of%20Mediterranean%20Nudibranchs%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20La%20Conchiglia.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Atlas%20of%20Mediterranean%20Nudibranchs%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Riccardo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cattaneo-Vietti%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Renato%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chemello%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Riccardo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Giannuzzi-Savelli%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221990%22%2C%22originalDate%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPublisher%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22format%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-12-15T21%3A59%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ET2HBM6T%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cervera%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221988%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BCervera%2C%20J.%20L.%2C%20Templado%2C%20J.%2C%20Garc%26%23xED%3Ba-G%26%23xF3%3Bmez%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20Ballesteros%2C%20M.%2C%20Ortea%2C%20J.%2C%20Garc%26%23xED%3Ba%2C%20F.%20J.%2C%20Ros%2C%20J.%2C%20Luque%2C%20A.%20A.%20%281988%29.%20Cat%26%23xE1%3Blogo%20actualizado%20y%20comentado%20de%20los%20Opistobranquios%20%28Mollusca%2C%20Gastropoda%29%20de%20la%20Pen%26%23xED%3Bnsula%20Ib%26%23xE9%3Brica%2C%20Baleares%20y%20Canarias%2C%20con%20algunas%20referencias%20a%20Ceuta%20y%20la%20isla%20de%20Albor%26%23xE1%3Bn.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BIberus%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BSupl.%201%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%201-84.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Cat%5Cu00e1logo%20actualizado%20y%20comentado%20de%20los%20Opistobranquios%20%28Mollusca%2C%20Gastropoda%29%20de%20la%20Pen%5Cu00ednsula%20Ib%5Cu00e9rica%2C%20Baleares%20y%20Canarias%2C%20con%20algunas%20referencias%20a%20Ceuta%20y%20la%20isla%20de%20Albor%5Cu00e1n.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cervera%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Templado%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Garc%5Cu00eda-G%5Cu00f3mez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ballesteros%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ortea%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Garc%5Cu00eda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ros%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Luque%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221988%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-03-07T16%3A00%3A29Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HM8AG4CQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cervera%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222004%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BCervera%2C%20J.%20L.%2C%20Calado%2C%20G.%2C%20Gavaia%2C%20C.%2C%20Malaqu%26%23xED%3Bas%2C%20M.%20A.%20E.%2C%20Templado%2C%20J.%2C%20Ballesteros%2C%20M.%2C%20Garc%26%23xED%3Ba-G%26%23xF3%3Bmez%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20Megina%2C%20C.%20%282004%29.%20An%20annotated%20and%20updated%20checklist%20of%20the%20opisthobranchs%20%28Mollusca%3A%20Gastropoda%29%20from%20Spain%20and%20Portugal%20%28including%20islands%20and%20archipelagos%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BBolet%26%23xED%3Bn%20Instituto%20Espa%26%23xF1%3Bol%20de%20Oceanograf%26%23xED%3Ba%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%281-4%29%2C%201-111.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22An%20annotated%20and%20updated%20checklist%20of%20the%20opisthobranchs%20%28Mollusca%3A%20Gastropoda%29%20from%20Spain%20and%20Portugal%20%28including%20islands%20and%20archipelagos%29.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cervera%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Calado%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gavaia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.A.E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Malaqu%5Cu00edas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Templado%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ballesteros%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Garc%5Cu00eda-G%5Cu00f3mez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Megina%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20present%20publication%20is%20a%20new%20annotated%20and%20updated%20checklist%20of%20the%20opisthobranchs%20%28Mollusca%2C%20Gastropoda%29%20from%20the%20Spanish%20and%20Portuguese%20coasts%2C%20including%20their%20Atlantic%20archipelagos%20%28Azores%2C%20Madeira%2C%20Selvagens%20and%20Canary%20Islands%29.%20The%20bathyal%20species%20recorded%20from%20the%20continental%20shelf%20of%20all%20these%20areas%20are%20also%20included.%20Incorporating%20a%20review%20of%20the%20literature%2C%20523%20species%20are%20included%20on%20the%20present%20checklist%2C%2023%20belonging%20to%20Architectibranchia%2C%20111%20to%20Cephalaspidea%20s.%20s.%2C%2014%20to%20Anaspidea%2C%204%20to%20Acochlidiomorpha%2C%2037%20to%20Thecosomata%2C%207%20to%20Gymnosomata%2C%2043%20to%20Sacoglossa%2C%203%20to%20Umbraculoidea%2C%2016%20to%20Pleurobranchoidea%20and%20265%20to%20Nudibranchia%3A%20127%20Doridoidea%2C%2042%20Dendronotoidea%2C%209%20Arminoidea%2C%20and%2087%20Aeolidoidea.%20The%20records%20these%20species%20have%20been%20divided%20into%2012%20geographic%20sectors%3A%201%29%20Spanish%20coast%20on%20the%20Bay%20of%20Biscay%3B%202%29%20Galicia%3B%203%29%20mainland%20coast%20of%20Portugal%3B%204%29%20Andalusian%20Atlantic%20coast%3B%205%29%20Straits%20of%20Gibraltar%2C%20including%20Ceuta%20%28northern%20Africa%29%3B%206%29%20Andalusian%20Mediterranean%20coast%2C%20including%20Albor%5Cu00e1n%20Island%3B%207%29%20Spanish%20Levant%2C%20from%20Cape%20Gata%20to%20Catalonia%3B%208%29%20Catalonia%2C%20including%20the%20Columbretes%20Islands%3B%209%29%20Balearic%20Islands%3B%2010%29%20Canary%20and%20Selvagens%20Islands%3B%2011%29%20Madeira%3B%20and%2012%29%20the%20Azores.%20The%20biogeographical%20relationships%20among%20these%20selected%20areas%20are%20discussed%20in%20the%20present%20paper%5Cu2019s%20Conclusions.%20Taxonomic%20comments%20about%20many%20of%20the%20taxa%20cited%20are%20also%20included.%20It%20is%20noteworthy%20that%20since%201975%2C%20a%20total%20of%20117%20specific%20taxa%20have%20been%20described%20as%20new%20to%20science%20in%20the%20studied%20area.%20Some%20of%20them%20are%20currently%20considered%20synonyms%2C%20and%20others%20are%20pending%20an%20adequate%20revision.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222004%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-07-11T14%3A14%3A59Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TSCAEAHA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Furfaro%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BFurfaro%2C%20G.%2C%20Vitale%2C%20F.%2C%20Licchelli%2C%20C.%2C%20Mariottini%2C%20P.%20%282020%29.%20Two%20Seas%20for%20One%20Great%20Diversity%3A%20Checklist%20of%20the%20Marine%20Heterobranchia%20%28Mollusca%3B%20Gastropoda%29%20from%20the%20Salento%20Peninsula%20%28South-East%20Italy%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BDiversity%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B12%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2812%29%2C%20171.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Fd12050171%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Fd12050171%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Two%20Seas%20for%20One%20Great%20Diversity%3A%20Checklist%20of%20the%20Marine%20Heterobranchia%20%28Mollusca%3B%20Gastropoda%29%20from%20the%20Salento%20Peninsula%20%28South-East%20Italy%29%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Furfaro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vitale%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Licchelli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mariottini%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20Salento%20peninsula%20is%20a%20portion%20of%20the%20Italian%20mainland%20separating%20two%20distinct%20Mediterranean%20basins%2C%20the%20Ionian%20and%20the%20Adriatic%20seas.%20Several%20authors%20have%20studied%20the%20marine%20Heterobranchia%20%28Mollusca%2C%20Gastropoda%29%20fauna%20composition%20living%20in%20the%20Ionian%20Sea%2C%20but%20to%20date%20further%20knowledge%20regarding%20this%20interesting%20group%20of%20mollusks%20is%20still%20needed.%20Recent%20studies%20have%20corroborated%20the%20peculiarity%20of%20the%20Mediterranean%20Sea%20showing%20high%20levels%20of%20endemism%20and%20cryptic%20diversity.%20On%20the%20other%20hand%2C%20marine%20sea%20slugs%20have%20been%20revealed%20to%20be%20important%20indicators%20of%20the%20marine%20ecosystem%26%23039%3Bs%20health%2C%20due%20to%20their%20species-specific%20diet%20that%20consist%20of%20a%20vast%20variety%20of%20sessile%20and%20benthic%20invertebrates.%20A%20baseline%20study%20of%20the%20marine%20Heterobranchia%20diversity%20is%20therefore%20a%20necessary%20step%20to%20reveal%20the%20hidden%20diversity%20and%20to%20monitor%20the%20possible%20presence%20of%20alien%20species.%20The%20present%20study%20shows%20results%20from%20approximately%20600%20scientific%20dives%20carried%20out%20during%20a%20nine-year%20period%20in%20all%20of%20the%20main%20submarine%20habitats%20of%20the%20studied%20area%2C%20while%20accounting%20for%20the%20marine%20Heterobranchia%20from%20both%20the%20Ionian%20and%20Adriatic%20Seas.%20With%20this%20contribution%2C%20the%20list%20of%20marine%20Heterobranchia%20inhabiting%20the%20Salento%20Peninsula%20rises%20to%20160.%20Furthermore%2C%20it%20also%20reports%2C%20for%20the%20first%20time%2C%20the%20presence%20of%20one%20alien%20species%20and%20three%20new%20records%20for%20Italian%20waters.%20Ecological%20notes%20and%20geographical%20distribution%20for%20each%20added%20species%20are%20provided%20together%20with%20animal%20iconography%2C%20consisting%20mainly%20of%20in%20situ%20photographs%2C%20for%20species%20identification.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3390%5C%2Fd12050171%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-04-02T11%3A50%3A50Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22G8CX32KB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lombardo%20and%20Marletta%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BLombardo%2C%20A.%2C%20Marletta%2C%20G.%20%282020%29.%20First%20record%20of%20Okenia%20problematica%20Pola%2C%20Paz-Sedano%2C%20Macali%2C%20Minchin%2C%20Marchini%2CVitale%2C%20Licchelli%20et%20Crocetta%2C%202019%20%28Gastropoda%20Nudibranchia%20Goniodorididae%29for%20Sicily%20%28Ionian%20Sea%2CItaly%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BBiodiversity%20Journal%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B11%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%281%29%2C%2017-20.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.31396%5C%2FBiodiv.Jour.2020.11.1.17.20%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.31396%5C%2FBiodiv.Jour.2020.11.1.17.20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22First%20record%20of%20Okenia%20problematica%20Pola%2C%20Paz-Sedano%2C%20Macali%2C%20Minchin%2C%20Marchini%2CVitale%2C%20Licchelli%20et%20Crocetta%2C%202019%20%28Gastropoda%20Nudibranchia%20Goniodorididae%29for%20Sicily%20%28Ionian%20Sea%2CItaly%29%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lombardo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marletta%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Okenia%20problematica%20Pola%2C%20Paz-Sedano%2C%20Macali%2C%20Minchin%2C%20Marchini%2C%20Vitale%2C%20Licchelli%20%26amp%3B%20Crocetta%2C%202019%20%28Gastropoda%20Nudibranchia%20Goniodorididae%29%20is%20here%20reported%20for%20the%20first%20time%20for%20Sicily.%20The%20Mediterranean%20species%20of%20the%20genus%20Okenia%20Menke%2C%201830%20have%20recently%20undergone%20a%20taxonomic%20revision%20that%20has%20reduced%20the%20number%20of%20species%20from%20eight%20to%20six%20because%20in%20the%20past%20some%20species%20were%20misidentified.%20For%20this%20reason%2C%20this%20new%20species%20was%20described%20for%20the%20Mediterranean.%20In%20this%20short%20paper%2C%20two%20specimens%20of%20this%20species%20were%20found%20in%20two%20nearby%20areas%20of%20Catania%20%28Ionian%20coast%20of%20Sicily%29%20that%20are%20strongly%20anthropized.%20Therefore%2C%20we%20believe%20that%20this%20species%20is%20tolerant%20to%20polluted%20waters.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.31396%5C%2FBiodiv.Jour.2020.11.1.17.20%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-06T15%3A15%3A08Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223VWGKIQP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Long%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BLong%2C%20S.%20J.%20%282006%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BBibliography%20of%20Opisthobranchia%201554-2000.%20Bayside%20Books%20%26amp%3B%20Press%2C%20Tustin%2C%20CA%2C%20U.S.A.%20672p.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Bibliography%20of%20Opisthobranchia%201554-2000.%20Bayside%20Books%20%26%20Press%2C%20Tustin%2C%20CA%2C%20U.S.A.%20672p.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Long%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22originalDate%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPublisher%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22format%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-07-11T14%3A15%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225MFDPG8V%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22McDonald%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMcDonald%2C%20G.%20%282009%29.%20Bibliographia%20Nudibranchia.%202nd%20Online%20Edition%2C%20Annotated.%201072%20pp%26%23xA0%3B%20Institute%20of%20Marine%20Sciences%2C%20University%20of%20California%2C%20Santa%20Cruz.%20Disponible%20en%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fescholarship.org%5C%2Fuc%5C%2Fitem%5C%2F8115h0wz%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fescholarship.org%5C%2Fuc%5C%2Fitem%5C%2F8115h0wz%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Bibliographia%20Nudibranchia.%202nd%20Online%20Edition%2C%20Annotated.%201072%20pp%20%20Institute%20of%20Marine%20Sciences%2C%20University%20of%20California%2C%20Santa%20Cruz%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McDonald%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fescholarship.org%5C%2Fuc%5C%2Fitem%5C%2F8115h0wz%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-07-11T14%3A15%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22W8P6XXSI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Paz-Sedano%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BPaz-Sedano%2C%20S.%2C%20Moles%2C%20J.%2C%20Smirnoff%2C%20D.%2C%20Gosliner%2C%20T.%20M.%2C%20Pola%2C%20M.%20%282024%29.%20A%20combined%20phylogenetic%20strategy%20illuminates%20the%20evolution%20of%20Goniodorididae%20nudibranchs%20%28Mollusca%2C%20Gastropoda%2C%20Heterobranchia%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BMolecular%20Phylogenetics%20and%20Evolution%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B107990%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ympev.2023.107990%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ympev.2023.107990%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20combined%20phylogenetic%20strategy%20illuminates%20the%20evolution%20of%20Goniodorididae%20nudibranchs%20%28Mollusca%2C%20Gastropoda%2C%20Heterobranchia%29%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Paz-Sedano%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moles%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smirnoff%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gosliner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pola%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Goniodorididae%20is%20a%20family%20of%20small%20dorid%20nudibranchs%20distributed%20worldwide%20that%20feed%20on%20entoprocts%2C%20ascidians%2C%20and%20bryozoans.%20The%20evolutionary%20relationships%20between%20its%20taxa%20have%20been%20uncertain%20due%20to%20the%20limited%20taxa%20available%20for%20phylogenetic%20analyses%3B%20some%20genera%20being%20paraphyletic.%20The%20family%20includes%20a%20remarkable%20number%20of%20synonymized%20genera%20in%20which%20the%20species%20richness%20is%20unequally%20distributed%2C%20while%20some%20genera%20have%20dozens%20of%20species%20others%20are%20monospecific.%20Some%20clades%20are%20very%20uniform%20morphologically%20while%20others%20are%20considered%20highly%20variable.%20To%20increase%20backbone%20phylogenetic%20resolution%20a%20target%20enrichment%20approach%20of%20ultra-conserved%20elements%20was%20aimed%20at%20representative%20Goniodorididae%20species%20for%20the%20first%20time.%20Additionally%2C%20we%20increase%20species%20representation%20by%20including%20mitochondrial%20markers%20cytochrome%20c%20oxidase%20subunit%20I%20and%20ribosomal%20RNA%2016S%20as%5Cnwell%20as%20nuclear%20Histone%203%20and%20ribosomal%20RNA%2018S%20from%20109%20Goniodorididae%20species%2C%20out%20of%20approximately%20160%20currently%20valid%20species.%20Maximum%20likelihood%20and%20Bayesian%20inference%20analyses%20were%20performed%20to%20infer%20the%20phylogeny%20of%20the%20family.%20As%20a%20result%2C%20two%20subfamilies%20and%20eleven%20genera%20were%20elucidated.%20The%20synonymized%20genera%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BBermudella%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BCargoa%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20and%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BCeratodoris%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20are%20here%20resurrected%20and%20a%20new%20genus%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BNaisdoris%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20gen.%20nov.%2C%20is%20described.%20The%20clades%20included%20taxa%20with%20shared%20prey%20preference%2C%20showing%20that%20trophic%20behavior%20could%20have%20driven%20species%20evolution%20and%20morphological%20uniqueness%20within%20the%20family%20Goniodorididae.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.ympev.2023.107990%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.marinespecies.org%5C%2Faphia.php%3Fp%3Dsourcedetails%26id%3D475318%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-02-14T10%3A24%3A36Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KUP2IXK5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Pola%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BPola%2C%20M.%2C%20Paz-Sedano%2C%20S.%2C%20Macali%2C%20A.%2C%20Minchin%2C%20D.%2C%20Marchini%2C%20A.%2C%20Vitale%2C%20F.%2C%20Licchelli%2C%20C.%2C%20Crocetta%2C%20F.%20%282019%29.%20What%20is%20really%20out%20there%3F%20Review%20of%20the%20genus%20Okenia%20Menke%2C%201830%20%28Nudibranchia%3A%20Goniodorididae%29%20in%20the%20Mediterranean%20Sea%20with%20description%20of%20two%20new%20species.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BPLoS%20ONE%2014%285%29%3A%20e0215037%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0215037%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0215037%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22What%20is%20really%20out%20there%3F%20Review%20of%20the%20genus%20Okenia%20Menke%2C%201830%20%28Nudibranchia%3A%20Goniodorididae%29%20in%20the%20Mediterranean%20Sea%20with%20description%20of%20two%20new%20species%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pola%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Paz-Sedano%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Macali%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Minchin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marchini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vitale%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Licchelli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Crocetta%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20precise%20number%20of%20Okenia%20taxa%20inhabiting%20the%20Mediterranean%20Sea%2C%20as%20well%20as%20their%20general%20taxonomy%2C%20varies%20according%20to%20different%20specialists.%20So%20far%2C%20eight%20valid%20species%20have%20been%20reported%20from%20the%20area%3A%20Okenia%20aspersa%20%28Alder%20%26amp%3B%20Hancock%2C%201845%29%2C%20Okenia%20cupella%20%28Vogel%20%26amp%3B%20Schultz%2C%201970%29%2C%20Okenia%20elegans%20%28Leuckart%2C%201828%29%2C%20Okenia%20hispanica%20Valde%5Cu00b4s%20%26amp%3B%20Ortea%2C%201995%2C%20Okenia%20impexa%20Er.%20Marcus%2C%201957%2C%20Okenia%20leachii%20%28Alder%20%26amp%3B%20Hancock%2C%201854%29%2C%20Okenia%20mediterranea%20%28Ihering%2C%201886%29%2C%20and%20Okenia%20zoobotryon%20%28Smallwood%2C%201910%29.%20Of%20these%2C%20only%20three%20%28O.%20elegans%2C%20O.%20hispanica%2C%20and%20O.%20mediterranea%29%20have%20their%20type%20localities%20in%20the%20Mediterranean%20Sea%2C%20whereas%20the%20others%20were%20described%20from%20different%20biogeographic%20areas%20and%20later%20included%20in%20the%20Mediterranean%20biota.%20We%20carried%20out%20a%20review%20on%20Mediterranean%20Okenia%20species%20through%20an%20integrative%20approach%2C%20based%20on%20a%20wide%20literature%20search%20and%20a%20morphological%20and%20molecular%20analysis%20of%20available%20type%20material%20and%20samples%20collected%20recently.%20The%20present%20study%20confirmed%20the%20presence%20of%20O.%20aspersa%2C%20O.%20elegans%2C%20O.%20hispanica%2C%20and%20O.%20mediterranea%20in%20the%20Mediterranean%20Sea%2C%20although%20leaving%20remaining%20questions%20about%20some%20of%20those%20taxa.%20The%20distribution%20of%20O.%20cupella%2C%20O.%20impexa%2C%20and%20O.%20zoobotryon%20is%20limited%20to%20the%20western%20Atlantic%2C%20and%20of%20O.%20leachii%20to%20the%20eastern%20Atlantic.%20All%20specimens%20previously%20identified%20as%20O.%20cupella%2C%20O.%20impexa%2C%20and%20O.%20zoobotryon%20by%20different%20authors%20in%20the%20Mediterranean%20Sea%20were%20repeatedly%20misidentified.%20Thus%2C%20we%20describe%20Okenia%20problematica%20sp.%20nov.%20and%20Okenia%20longiductis%20sp.%20nov.%2C%20from%20the%20%5Cu201cMediterranean%5Cu201d%20Okenia%20cupella%5C%2Fimpexa%20and%20O.%20zoobotryon.%20We%20also%20consider%20here%20Okenia%20pusilla%20Sordi%2C%201974%20a%20nomen%20dubium%20and%20include%20a%20redescription%20of%20the%20holotype%20of%20O.%20cupella.%20A%20molecular%20phylogeny%2C%20including%20all%20the%20sequenced%20Okenia%20species%2C%20was%20performed%20in%20order%20to%20evaluate%20the%20evolutionary%20relationships%20of%20the%20newly%20described%20species%20with%20the%20other%20congeneric%20taxa.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0215037%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-06T21%3A23%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22AKECKC56%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Sabelli%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221990%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BSabelli%2C%20B.%2C%20Gianuzzi-Savelli%2C%20R.%2C%20Bedulli%2C%20D.%20%281990%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BCatalogo%20annotato%20dei%20Molluschi%20marini%20del%20Mediterraneo.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20Libreria%20Naturalistica%20Bolognese.%20Bologna%2C%20Italy%3A%20348%20pp.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Catalogo%20annotato%20dei%20Molluschi%20marini%20del%20Mediterraneo.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sabelli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gianuzzi-Savelli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bedulli%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221990%22%2C%22originalDate%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPublisher%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22format%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-12-15T21%3A59%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22E2E268VM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Schmekel%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221979%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BSchmekel%2C%20L.%20%281979%29.%20First%20record%20of%20Okenia%20impexa%20Marcus%2C%201957%20from%20the%20western%20Atlantic%20in%20the%20Mediterranean.%20Veliger%2021%283%29%3A355-360.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22First%20record%20of%20Okenia%20impexa%20Marcus%2C%201957%20from%20the%20western%20Atlantic%20in%20the%20Mediterranean.%20Veliger%2021%283%29%3A355-360.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schmekel%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221979%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-06T15%3A15%3A54Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22R5FDCMZ5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Schmekel%20and%20Portmann%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221982%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BSchmekel%2C%20L.%2C%20Portmann%2C%20A.%20%281982%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BOpisthobranchia%20des%20Mittelmeeres%2C%20Nudibranchia%20und%20Saccoglossa.%20Fauna%20e%20Flora%20del%20Golfo%20Napoli%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Springer-Verlag.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Opisthobranchia%20des%20Mittelmeeres%2C%20Nudibranchia%20und%20Saccoglossa.%20Fauna%20e%20Flora%20del%20Golfo%20Napoli%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Luise%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schmekel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adolf%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Portmann%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221982%22%2C%22originalDate%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPublisher%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22format%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%223-540-11354-1%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-12-15T21%3A59%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QIJZ76VX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Sordi%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221974%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BSordi%2C%20M.%20%281974%29.%20Nuova%20specie%20di%20mollusco%20nudibranchio%20del%20Mediterraneo%3A%20Okenia%20pusilla.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BDoriana%205%20%28216%29%3A%201-5%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Nuova%20specie%20di%20mollusco%20nudibranchio%20del%20Mediterraneo%3A%20Okenia%20pusilla%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sordi%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221974%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-06T15%3A16%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227TFTMUWF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Templado%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221982%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BTemplado%2C%20J.%20%281982%29.%20Datos%20sobre%20los%20opistobranquios%20del%20Cabo%20de%20Palos%20%28Murcia%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BBollettino%20Malacologico%2018%20%289-12%29%3A%20247-254.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Datos%20sobre%20los%20opistobranquios%20del%20Cabo%20de%20Palos%20%28Murcia%29.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Templado%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221982%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-12-15T21%3A59%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22X4ZW6P89%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Templado%20and%20Villanueva%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BTemplado%2C%20J.%2C%20Villanueva%2C%20R.%20%282010%29.%20Checklist%20of%20Phylum%20Mollusca.%20pp.%20148-198%20In%20Coll%2C%20M.%2C%20et%20al.%2C%202010.%20The%20biodiversity%20of%20the%20Mediterranean%20Sea%3A%20estimates%2C%20patterns%2C%20and%20threats.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BPLoS%20ONE%205%288%29%3A36pp.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Checklist%20of%20Phylum%20Mollusca.%20pp.%20148-198%20In%20Coll%2C%20M.%2C%20et%20al.%2C%202010.%20The%20biodiversity%20of%20the%20Mediterranean%20Sea%3A%20estimates%2C%20patterns%2C%20and%20threats%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Templado%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Villanueva%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-07-11T14%3A15%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22AW7FU92K%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Templado%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221991%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BTemplado%2C%20J.%2C%20Luque%2C%20A.%20A.%2C%20Ortea%2C%20J.%20A.%20%281991%29.%20A%20commented%20check-list%20of%20the%20amphiatlantic%20Ascoglossa%20and%20Nudibranchia%20%28Mollusca%3A%20Opisthobranchia%29.%20Lavori%20della%20Societa%20Italiana%20di%20Malacologia%2023%3A295-326.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20commented%20check-list%20of%20the%20amphiatlantic%20Ascoglossa%20and%20Nudibranchia%20%28Mollusca%3A%20Opisthobranchia%29.%20Lavori%20della%20Societa%20Italiana%20di%20Malacologia%2023%3A295-326.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Templado%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Luque%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ortea%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221991%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-06T15%3A16%3A26Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VTTD39XK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Vald%5Cu00e9s%20and%20Ortea%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221995%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BVald%26%23xE9%3Bs%2C%20%26%23xC1%3B.%2C%20Ortea%2C%20J.%20%281995%29.%20Revised%20taxonomy%20of%20some%20species%20of%20the%20genus%20Okenia%20Menke%2C%201830%20%28Mollusca%3A%20Nudibranchia%29%20from%20the%20Atlantic%20Ocean%2C%20with%20the%20description%20of%20a%20new%20species.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BThe%20Veliger%2C%2038%283%29%3A%20223-234%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Revised%20taxonomy%20of%20some%20species%20of%20the%20genus%20Okenia%20Menke%2C%201830%20%28Mollusca%3A%20Nudibranchia%29%20from%20the%20Atlantic%20Ocean%2C%20with%20the%20description%20of%20a%20new%20species%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%5Cu00c1%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vald%5Cu00e9s%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ortea%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221995%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-06T21%3A23%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NBSAGP7H%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Vicente%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222008%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BVicente%2C%20N.%20%282008%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B100%20%26amp%3B%20une%20limaces%20de%20mer%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20guide%20d%26%23x2019%3Bidentification%20des%20Mollusques%20Opisthobranches%20d%26%23x2019%3BAtlantique%20et%20de%20M%26%23xE9%3Bditerran%26%23xE9%3Be%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20%26%23xC9%3Bd.%20GAP.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22100%20%26%20une%20limaces%20de%20mer%20%3A%20guide%20d%27identification%20des%20Mollusques%20Opisthobranches%20d%27Atlantique%20et%20de%20M%5Cu00e9diterran%5Cu00e9e%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nardo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vicente%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222008%22%2C%22originalDate%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPublisher%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22format%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-2-7417-0353-2%202-7417-0353-1%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-12-15T21%3A59%3A15Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-BAE9P36R\" data-zp-author-date='Ballesteros-et-al.-2016' data-zp-date-author='2016-Ballesteros-et-al.' data-zp-date='2016' data-zp-year='2016' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Ballesteros, M., Madrenas, E., Pontes, M. (2016). Actualizaci\u00f3n del cat\u00e1logo de los moluscos opistobranquios (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) de las costas catalanas. <i>Spira<\/i>, <i>6<\/i>, 1-28.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-NTMAT2GD\" data-zp-author-date='Ballesteros-et-al.-2019' data-zp-date-author='2019-Ballesteros-et-al.' data-zp-date='2019' data-zp-year='2019' data-zp-itemtype='book' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Ballesteros, M., Pontes, M., Madrenas, E. (2019). <i>Els nudibranquis del mar catal\u00e0<\/i>. Brau Edicions.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-US4WQRA3\" data-zp-author-date='Ballesteros-et-al.-2026' data-zp-date-author='2026-Ballesteros-et-al.' data-zp-date='2026' data-zp-year='2026' data-zp-itemtype='webpage' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Ballesteros, M., Madrenas, E., Pontes, M. (2026). OPK - Opistobranquis. Disponible en: <a class=&#039;zp-ItemURL&#039; target=&#039;_blank&#039; href=&#039;https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/&#039;>https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/<\/a> [Accedido 6 de marzo de 2026]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-45NMNEPD\" data-zp-author-date='Bedulli-et-al.-1995' data-zp-date-author='1995-Bedulli-et-al.' data-zp-date='1995' data-zp-year='1995' data-zp-itemtype='book' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Bedulli, D., Cattaneo-Vietti, R., Chemello, R., Ghisotti, F., Giovine, F. (1995). <i>Gastropoda Opisthobranchia, Divasibranchia, Gymnomorpha, Fascicolo 15, pp. 1-23.\u00a0 In: A. Minelli, A. Ruffo, & S. La Posta (Eds.). Checklist delle specie fauna italiana<\/i>. Calderini.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-BESQIQHG\" data-zp-author-date='Cattaneo-Vietti-and-Barletta-1984' data-zp-date-author='1984-Cattaneo-Vietti-and-Barletta' data-zp-date='1984' data-zp-year='1984' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Cattaneo-Vietti, R., Barletta, G. (1984). Elenco preliminare dei molluschi opistobranchi viventi nel Mediterraneo (Sacoglossa, Pleurobranchomorpha, Acochlidiacea, Aplysiomorpha, Nudibranchia). Bollettino Malacologico (Pubblicazione Mensile Edita dalla Societa Italiana di Malacologia) 20(9-12):195-218.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-6NSGWX88\" data-zp-author-date='Cattaneo-Vietti-and-Thompson-1989' data-zp-date-author='1989-Cattaneo-Vietti-and-Thompson' data-zp-date='1989' data-zp-year='1989' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Cattaneo-Vietti, R., Thompson, T. E. (1989). Mediterranean opisthobranch molluscs: a zoogeographic approach. Bollettino Malacologico (Pubblicazione Mensile Edita dalla Societa Italiana di Malacologia) 25(5-8):183-204.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-FKXZHEIQ\" data-zp-author-date='Cattaneo-Vietti-et-al.-1990' data-zp-date-author='1990-Cattaneo-Vietti-et-al.' data-zp-date='1990' data-zp-year='1990' data-zp-itemtype='book' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Cattaneo-Vietti, R., Chemello, R., Giannuzzi-Savelli, R. (1990). <i>Atlas of Mediterranean Nudibranchs<\/i>. La Conchiglia.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-ET2HBM6T\" data-zp-author-date='Cervera-et-al.-1988' data-zp-date-author='1988-Cervera-et-al.' data-zp-date='1988' data-zp-year='1988' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Cervera, J. L., Templado, J., Garc\u00eda-G\u00f3mez, J. C., Ballesteros, M., Ortea, J., Garc\u00eda, F. J., Ros, J., Luque, A. A. (1988). Cat\u00e1logo actualizado y comentado de los Opistobranquios (Mollusca, Gastropoda) de la Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e9rica, Baleares y Canarias, con algunas referencias a Ceuta y la isla de Albor\u00e1n. <i>Iberus<\/i>, <i>Supl. 1<\/i>, 1-84.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-HM8AG4CQ\" data-zp-author-date='Cervera-et-al.-2004' data-zp-date-author='2004-Cervera-et-al.' data-zp-date='2004' data-zp-year='2004' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Cervera, J. L., Calado, G., Gavaia, C., Malaqu\u00edas, M. A. E., Templado, J., Ballesteros, M., Garc\u00eda-G\u00f3mez, J. C., Megina, C. (2004). An annotated and updated checklist of the opisthobranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Spain and Portugal (including islands and archipelagos). <i>Bolet\u00edn Instituto Espa\u00f1ol de Oceanograf\u00eda<\/i>, <i>20<\/i>(1-4), 1-111.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-TSCAEAHA\" data-zp-author-date='Furfaro-et-al.-2020' data-zp-date-author='2020-Furfaro-et-al.' data-zp-date='2020' data-zp-year='2020' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Furfaro, G., Vitale, F., Licchelli, C., Mariottini, P. (2020). Two Seas for One Great Diversity: Checklist of the Marine Heterobranchia (Mollusca; Gastropoda) from the Salento Peninsula (South-East Italy). <i>Diversity<\/i>, <i>12<\/i>(12), 171. <a class=&#039;zp-DOIURL&#039; target=&#039;_blank&#039; href=&#039;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/d12050171&#039;>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/d12050171<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-G8CX32KB\" data-zp-author-date='Lombardo-and-Marletta-2020' data-zp-date-author='2020-Lombardo-and-Marletta' data-zp-date='2020' data-zp-year='2020' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Lombardo, A., Marletta, G. (2020). First record of Okenia problematica Pola, Paz-Sedano, Macali, Minchin, Marchini,Vitale, Licchelli et Crocetta, 2019 (Gastropoda Nudibranchia Goniodorididae)for Sicily (Ionian Sea,Italy). <i>Biodiversity Journal<\/i>, <i>11<\/i>(1), 17-20. <a class=&#039;zp-DOIURL&#039; target=&#039;_blank&#039; href=&#039;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31396\/Biodiv.Jour.2020.11.1.17.20&#039;>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31396\/Biodiv.Jour.2020.11.1.17.20<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-3VWGKIQP\" data-zp-author-date='Long-2006' data-zp-date-author='2006-Long' data-zp-date='2006' data-zp-year='2006' data-zp-itemtype='book' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Long, S. J. (2006). <i>Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000. Bayside Books & Press, Tustin, CA, U.S.A. 672p.<\/i><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-5MFDPG8V\" data-zp-author-date='McDonald-2009' data-zp-date-author='2009-McDonald' data-zp-date='2009' data-zp-year='2009' data-zp-itemtype='webpage' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">McDonald, G. (2009). Bibliographia Nudibranchia. 2nd Online Edition, Annotated. 1072 pp\u00a0 Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz. Disponible en: <a class=&#039;zp-ItemURL&#039; target=&#039;_blank&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/8115h0wz&#039;>http:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/8115h0wz<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-W8P6XXSI\" data-zp-author-date='Paz-Sedano-et-al.-2024' data-zp-date-author='2024-Paz-Sedano-et-al.' data-zp-date='2024' data-zp-year='2024' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Paz-Sedano, S., Moles, J., Smirnoff, D., Gosliner, T. M., Pola, M. (2024). A combined phylogenetic strategy illuminates the evolution of Goniodorididae nudibranchs (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Heterobranchia). <i>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution<\/i>, <i>107990<\/i>. <a class=&#039;zp-DOIURL&#039; target=&#039;_blank&#039; href=&#039;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ympev.2023.107990&#039;>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ympev.2023.107990<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-KUP2IXK5\" data-zp-author-date='Pola-et-al.-2019' data-zp-date-author='2019-Pola-et-al.' data-zp-date='2019' data-zp-year='2019' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Pola, M., Paz-Sedano, S., Macali, A., Minchin, D., Marchini, A., Vitale, F., Licchelli, C., Crocetta, F. (2019). What is really out there? Review of the genus Okenia Menke, 1830 (Nudibranchia: Goniodorididae) in the Mediterranean Sea with description of two new species. <i>PLoS ONE 14(5): e0215037<\/i>. <a class=&#039;zp-DOIURL&#039; target=&#039;_blank&#039; href=&#039;https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0215037&#039;>https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0215037<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-AKECKC56\" data-zp-author-date='Sabelli-et-al.-1990' data-zp-date-author='1990-Sabelli-et-al.' data-zp-date='1990' data-zp-year='1990' data-zp-itemtype='book' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Sabelli, B., Gianuzzi-Savelli, R., Bedulli, D. (1990). <i>Catalogo annotato dei Molluschi marini del Mediterraneo.<\/i> Libreria Naturalistica Bolognese. Bologna, Italy: 348 pp.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-E2E268VM\" data-zp-author-date='Schmekel-1979' data-zp-date-author='1979-Schmekel' data-zp-date='1979' data-zp-year='1979' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Schmekel, L. (1979). First record of Okenia impexa Marcus, 1957 from the western Atlantic in the Mediterranean. Veliger 21(3):355-360.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-R5FDCMZ5\" data-zp-author-date='Schmekel-and-Portmann-1982' data-zp-date-author='1982-Schmekel-and-Portmann' data-zp-date='1982' data-zp-year='1982' data-zp-itemtype='book' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Schmekel, L., Portmann, A. (1982). <i>Opisthobranchia des Mittelmeeres, Nudibranchia und Saccoglossa. Fauna e Flora del Golfo Napoli<\/i>. Springer-Verlag.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-QIJZ76VX\" data-zp-author-date='Sordi-1974' data-zp-date-author='1974-Sordi' data-zp-date='1974' data-zp-year='1974' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Sordi, M. (1974). Nuova specie di mollusco nudibranchio del Mediterraneo: Okenia pusilla. <i>Doriana 5 (216): 1-5<\/i>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-7TFTMUWF\" data-zp-author-date='Templado-1982' data-zp-date-author='1982-Templado' data-zp-date='1982' data-zp-year='1982' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Templado, J. (1982). Datos sobre los opistobranquios del Cabo de Palos (Murcia). <i>Bollettino Malacologico 18 (9-12): 247-254.<\/i><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-X4ZW6P89\" data-zp-author-date='Templado-and-Villanueva-2010' data-zp-date-author='2010-Templado-and-Villanueva' data-zp-date='2010' data-zp-year='2010' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Templado, J., Villanueva, R. (2010). Checklist of Phylum Mollusca. pp. 148-198 In Coll, M., et al., 2010. The biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea: estimates, patterns, and threats. <i>PLoS ONE 5(8):36pp.<\/i><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-AW7FU92K\" data-zp-author-date='Templado-et-al.-1991' data-zp-date-author='1991-Templado-et-al.' data-zp-date='1991' data-zp-year='1991' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Templado, J., Luque, A. A., Ortea, J. A. (1991). A commented check-list of the amphiatlantic Ascoglossa and Nudibranchia (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia). Lavori della Societa Italiana di Malacologia 23:295-326.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-VTTD39XK\" data-zp-author-date='Vald\u00e9s-and-Ortea-1995' data-zp-date-author='1995-Vald\u00e9s-and-Ortea' data-zp-date='1995' data-zp-year='1995' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Vald\u00e9s, \u00c1., Ortea, J. (1995). Revised taxonomy of some species of the genus Okenia Menke, 1830 (Mollusca: Nudibranchia) from the Atlantic Ocean, with the description of a new species. <i>The Veliger, 38(3): 223-234<\/i>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-30894-1246567-NBSAGP7H\" data-zp-author-date='Vicente-2008' data-zp-date-author='2008-Vicente' data-zp-date='2008' data-zp-year='2008' data-zp-itemtype='book' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Vicente, N. (2008). <i>100 & une limaces de mer\u202f: guide d\u2019identification des Mollusques Opisthobranches d\u2019Atlantique et de M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e<\/i>. \u00c9d. GAP.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-zp-SEO-Content -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-List -->\n\t<\/div><!--.zp-Zotpress-->\n\n<p><\/p>Bibliograf\u00eda basada en los trabajos de <b>Steve Long, 2006<\/b>. <a target=_blank href=https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Long-S.-2006-Bibliography-of-Opisthobranchia-1554-2000.pdf>Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000<\/a> y <b>Gary McDonald, 2009<\/b>. <a href=http:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/8115h0wz>Bibliographia Nudibranchia<\/a>, con actualizaciones posteriores procedentes de otras fuentes.<p><\/p><\/ul><p><\/p><p><strong>M\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p><span style=\"font-size:10pt\"><ul><ul class=\"blogroll-links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/search\/?text=Okenia%20problematica\">Flickr pictures<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salentosommerso.it\/pp_nudibranchia\/Okenia%20problematica\/pp_Okenia%20problematica.php\">Salento Sommerso<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&#038;id=1723344\">World Register of Marine Species<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/ul><\/span><p><strong>Citar este art\u00edculo como: <\/strong><\/p><div style=\"display: block; background: #444444; padding: 10px 30px 10px 10px; border-radius: 5px; line-height: 18px;\"><p class=\"citacio\"><b>Pontes, Miquel, Manuel Ballesteros, Enric Madrenas<\/b> (2025) <em>\"Cargoa problematica\"<\/em> en <em>OPK-Opistobranquis<\/em>. Publicado: 29\/11\/2020. Accedido: 28\/07\/2026. Disponible en (<a href=https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/?p=30894>https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/?p=30894<\/a>)<\/p><p><\/p><\/div><p><\/p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cargoa problematica (Pola, Paz-Sedano, Macali, Minchin, Marchini, Vitale, Licchelli &amp; Crocetta, 2019) Nota taxon\u00f3mica:\u00a0Goniodorididae es una familia de peque\u00f1os nudibranquios d\u00f3ridos distribuidos por todo el mundo que se alimentan de entoproctos, ascidias y briozoos. Las relaciones evolutivas entre sus taxones han sido inciertas debido a los taxones limitados disponibles para an\u00e1lisis filogen\u00e9ticos; algunos g\u00e9neros son parafil\u00e9ticos. La familia incluye un n\u00famero notable de g\u00e9neros sinonimizados en los que la riqueza\u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"continue-reading-button\"> <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/doridida\/doridoidei\/onchidoridoidea\/cargoa-problematica\/\">Sigue leyendo<i class=\"crycon-right-dir\"><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":423,"featured_media":30913,"parent":26111,"menu_order":6324,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-30894","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/30894","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/423"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30894"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/30894\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":46144,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/30894\/revisions\/46144"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/26111"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30913"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30894"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}