{"id":7365,"date":"2013-04-16T18:18:56","date_gmt":"2013-04-16T17:18:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/runcinacea"},"modified":"2026-11-05T08:43:43","modified_gmt":"2026-11-05T07:43:43","slug":"runcinoidea","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/runcinoidea\/","title":{"rendered":"Runcinida"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Los Runcinida son un peque\u00f1o grupo de moluscos gaster\u00f3podos heterobranquios marinos tradicionalmente relacionados con las babosas marinas. Son animales de peque\u00f1o tama\u00f1o, con el cuerpo blando y sin una concha externa visible en el adulto. Su aspecto es discreto y su anatom\u00eda presenta diversas caracter\u00edsticas especializadas que los diferencian de otros grupos de heterobranquios.<\/p>\n<span style=\"font-size:10pt;\" class=\"aligncenter\"><div id=\"featured-img-id\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/runcina-coronata1-e1379947360853.jpg?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Runcina coronata\" \/><\/div><center><em>Runcina coronata<\/em> por Luis \u00c1ngel D\u00edaz \u00c1lvarez<\/center><\/span><p><\/p>\n<p>Los Runcinida viven principalmente en ambientes marinos poco profundos, donde pueden encontrarse sobre sustratos rocosos, entre algas, bajo piedras o en otros h\u00e1bitats bent\u00f3nicos protegidos. Su peque\u00f1o tama\u00f1o y su comportamiento cr\u00edptico hacen que sean dif\u00edciles de detectar durante los muestreos habituales. Se conocen de diferentes regiones marinas, pero su distribuci\u00f3n real todav\u00eda puede estar poco documentada.<\/p>\n<p>Una de sus caracter\u00edsticas m\u00e1s distintivas es su cuerpo peque\u00f1o, alargado y generalmente aplanado, con una forma adaptada al desplazamiento sobre el sustrato. La cabeza presenta estructuras sensoriales, mientras que el pie permite al animal desplazarse por la superficie. Los adultos no presentan una concha externa desarrollada, aunque sus caracter\u00edsticas anat\u00f3micas los sit\u00faan dentro de los heterobranquios, con una historia evolutiva relacionada con formas con concha.<\/p>\n<p>La biolog\u00eda de los Runcinida todav\u00eda es poco conocida. Son animales bent\u00f3nicos y algunas especies est\u00e1n estrechamente asociadas a determinadas algas u otros organismos del sustrato. Su alimentaci\u00f3n parece estar relacionada con peque\u00f1os organismos o material org\u00e1nico disponible sobre la superficie donde viven, aunque todav\u00eda se dispone de poca informaci\u00f3n detallada sobre su dieta y comportamiento alimentario.<\/p>\n<p>Desde el punto de vista evolutivo, los Runcinida son especialmente interesantes por su combinaci\u00f3n de caracter\u00edsticas primitivas y especializadas. Su posici\u00f3n dentro de Heterobranchia ha sido objeto de estudios anat\u00f3micos y moleculares, que han contribuido a comprender mejor sus relaciones con otros grupos de gaster\u00f3podos heterobranquios. Su peque\u00f1o tama\u00f1o y morfolog\u00eda sencilla muestran c\u00f3mo diferentes linajes de gaster\u00f3podos han evolucionado hacia formas de vida bent\u00f3nicas muy especializadas.<\/p>\n<p>Aunque los runc\u00ednidos rara vez son observados por los buceadores, forman parte de la diversidad poco conocida de los heterobranquios marinos. Su peque\u00f1o tama\u00f1o, su aspecto discreto y su biolog\u00eda todav\u00eda poco estudiada los convierten en un grupo interesante para los estudios taxon\u00f3micos y evolutivos. Los muestreos dirigidos, especialmente entre algas y en otros h\u00e1bitats bent\u00f3nicos poco profundos, pueden contribuir a mejorar el conocimiento sobre su diversidad y distribuci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>La taxonom\u00eda de Runcinida seg\u00fan WoRMS es:<\/p>\n    <style>\n        .opk-taxonomy-loader {\n            display: flex;\n            gap: 4px;\n            align-items: center;\n            justify-content: center;\n            height: 24px;\n            margin-bottom: 1em;\n        }\n        .opk-taxonomy-loader span {\n            display: block;\n            width: 4px;\n            height: 16px;\n            background: currentColor;\n            animation: opkTaxonomyBarPulse 1.2s infinite ease-in-out;\n        }\n        .opk-taxonomy-loader span:nth-child(1) { animation-delay: 0s; }\n        .opk-taxonomy-loader span:nth-child(2) { animation-delay: 0.2s; }\n        .opk-taxonomy-loader span:nth-child(3) { animation-delay: 0.4s; }\n\n        @keyframes opkTaxonomyBarPulse {\n            0%, 100% { transform: scaleY(0.5); opacity: 0.5; }\n            50% { transform: scaleY(1); opacity: 1; }\n        }\n\n        .opk-taxonomy-tree ul {\n            margin-top: 0.15em;\n            margin-bottom: 0.15em;\n            margin-left: 1em;\n            padding-left: 1em;\n            list-style-type: disc;\n        }\n        .opk-taxonomy-tree li {\n            margin: 0.1em 0;\n        }\n    <\/style>\n    <div id=\"opk-taxonomy-tree-2\" class=\"opk-taxonomy-tree\" aria-live=\"polite\">\n        <div class=\"opk-taxonomy-loader\" role=\"status\" aria-label=\"Loading\">\n            <span><\/span><span><\/span><span><\/span>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <script>\n    (function () {\n        var container = document.getElementById(\"opk-taxonomy-tree-2\");\n        if (!container) return;\n\n        fetch(\"https:\\\/\\\/opistobranquis.info\\\/wp-admin\\\/admin-ajax.php?action=opk_load_taxonomy_tree&slug&taxon&max_rank=Genus&lang=es\", { credentials: 'same-origin' })\n            .then(function (response) {\n                if (!response.ok) throw new Error('HTTP ' + response.status);\n                return response.text();\n            })\n            .then(function (html) {\n                container.innerHTML = html;\n            })\n            .catch(function () {\n                container.textContent = '\u26a0\ufe0f';\n            });\n    })();\n    <\/script>\n    \n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Especies de Runcinida citadas en el mar Mediterr\u00e1neo o en la pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e9rica:<\/p>\n\n    <div\n        class=\"autonav-grid autonav-columns-3\"\n    >\n\n        \n            \n            <article class=\"autonav-card\">\n\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/runcinoidea\/runcina-adriatica\/\">\n\n                    \n                        <div class=\"autonav-image\">\n\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"808\" height=\"541\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Runcina-adriatica-by-Enric-Madrenas.jpg?fit=808%2C541&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"autonav-thumb\" alt=\"Runcina adriatica by Enric Madrenas\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Runcina-adriatica-by-Enric-Madrenas.jpg?w=808&amp;ssl=1 808w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Runcina-adriatica-by-Enric-Madrenas.jpg?resize=150%2C100&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Runcina-adriatica-by-Enric-Madrenas.jpg?resize=300%2C201&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 808px) 100vw, 808px\" data-attachment-id=\"23482\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/runcinoidea\/runcina-adriatica\/runcina-adriatica-by-enric-madrenas\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Runcina-adriatica-by-Enric-Madrenas.jpg?fit=808%2C541&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"808,541\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-title=\"Runcina adriatica by Enric Madrenas\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Runcina adriatica by Enric Madrenas&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Runcina adriatica&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Runcina-adriatica-by-Enric-Madrenas.jpg?fit=808%2C541&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\n                        <\/div>\n\n                    \n                    <div class=\"autonav-content\">\n\n                        <h3>\n                            Runcina adriatica                        <\/h3>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                <\/a>\n\n            <\/article>\n\n        \n            \n            <article class=\"autonav-card\">\n\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/runcinoidea\/runcina-africana\/\">\n\n                    \n                        <div class=\"autonav-image\">\n\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"568\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/PICT4451bis-Rosesbis.jpg?fit=900%2C568&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"autonav-thumb\" alt=\"Runcina africana (Costa Brava) by Manuel Ballesteros\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/PICT4451bis-Rosesbis.jpg?w=1703&amp;ssl=1 1703w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/PICT4451bis-Rosesbis.jpg?resize=150%2C94&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/PICT4451bis-Rosesbis.jpg?resize=300%2C189&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/PICT4451bis-Rosesbis.jpg?resize=1024%2C646&amp;ssl=1 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" data-attachment-id=\"12683\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/runcinoidea\/runcina-africana\/konica-minolta-digital-camera-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/PICT4451bis-Rosesbis.jpg?fit=1703%2C1076&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1703,1076\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-title=\"Runcina africana (Costa Brava) by Manuel Ballesteros\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Runcina africana (Costa Brava) by Manuel Ballesteros&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Runcina africana (Costa Brava) by Manuel Ballesteros&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/PICT4451bis-Rosesbis.jpg?fit=900%2C568&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\n                        <\/div>\n\n                    \n                    <div class=\"autonav-content\">\n\n                        <h3>\n                            Runcina africana                        <\/h3>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                <\/a>\n\n            <\/article>\n\n        \n            \n            <article class=\"autonav-card\">\n\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/runcinoidea\/runcina-avellana\/\">\n\n                    \n                        <div class=\"autonav-image\">\n\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"808\" height=\"541\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/Runcina-avellana-by-Enric-Madrenas.jpg?fit=808%2C541&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"autonav-thumb\" alt=\"Runcina avellana by Enric Madrenas\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/Runcina-avellana-by-Enric-Madrenas.jpg?w=808&amp;ssl=1 808w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/Runcina-avellana-by-Enric-Madrenas.jpg?resize=150%2C100&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/Runcina-avellana-by-Enric-Madrenas.jpg?resize=300%2C201&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 808px) 100vw, 808px\" data-attachment-id=\"23484\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/runcinoidea\/runcina-avellana\/runcina-avellana-by-enric-madrenas\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/Runcina-avellana-by-Enric-Madrenas.jpg?fit=808%2C541&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"808,541\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-title=\"Runcina avellana by Enric Madrenas\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Runcina avellana by Enric Madrenas&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Runcina avellana&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/Runcina-avellana-by-Enric-Madrenas.jpg?fit=808%2C541&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\n                        <\/div>\n\n                    \n                    <div class=\"autonav-content\">\n\n                        <h3>\n                            Runcina avellana                        <\/h3>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                <\/a>\n\n            <\/article>\n\n        \n            \n            <article class=\"autonav-card\">\n\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/runcinoidea\/runcina-bahiensis\/\">\n\n                    \n                        <div class=\"autonav-image\">\n\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"537\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/Runcina-bahiensis-01.jpg?fit=800%2C537&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"autonav-thumb\" alt=\"Runcina bahiensis by Enric Madrenas\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/Runcina-bahiensis-01.jpg?w=800&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/Runcina-bahiensis-01.jpg?resize=150%2C100&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/Runcina-bahiensis-01.jpg?resize=300%2C201&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" data-attachment-id=\"15482\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/runcinoidea\/runcina-bahiensis\/runcina-bahiensis-01\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/Runcina-bahiensis-01.jpg?fit=800%2C537&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"800,537\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-title=\"Runcina bahiensis by Enric Madrenas\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Runcina bahiensis by Enric Madrenas&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Runcina bahiensis&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/Runcina-bahiensis-01.jpg?fit=800%2C537&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\n                        <\/div>\n\n                    \n                    <div class=\"autonav-content\">\n\n                        <h3>\n                            Runcina bahiensis                        <\/h3>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                <\/a>\n\n            <\/article>\n\n        \n            \n            <article class=\"autonav-card\">\n\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/runcinoidea\/runcina-brenkoae\/\">\n\n                    \n                        <div class=\"autonav-image\">\n\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"808\" height=\"541\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/Runcina-brenkoae-06.jpg?fit=808%2C541&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"autonav-thumb\" alt=\"Runcina brenkoae by Enric Madrenas\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/Runcina-brenkoae-06.jpg?w=808&amp;ssl=1 808w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/Runcina-brenkoae-06.jpg?resize=150%2C100&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/Runcina-brenkoae-06.jpg?resize=300%2C201&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 808px) 100vw, 808px\" data-attachment-id=\"23495\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/runcinoidea\/runcina-brenkoae\/runcina-brenkoae-06\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/Runcina-brenkoae-06.jpg?fit=808%2C541&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"808,541\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-title=\"Runcina brenkoae by Enric Madrenas\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Runcina brenkoae by Enric Madrenas&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Runcina brenkoae&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/Runcina-brenkoae-06.jpg?fit=808%2C541&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\n                        <\/div>\n\n                    \n                    <div class=\"autonav-content\">\n\n                        <h3>\n                            Runcina brenkoae                        <\/h3>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                <\/a>\n\n            <\/article>\n\n        \n            \n            <article class=\"autonav-card\">\n\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/runcinoidea\/runcina-capreensis\/\">\n\n                    \n                        <div class=\"autonav-image\">\n\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Runcina-capreensis-%40-Dwejra-Gozo-Malta-30-06-1993-by-Carmel-Sammut.jpg?fit=900%2C450&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"autonav-thumb\" alt=\"Runcina capreensis @ Dwejra, Gozo (Malta) 30-06-1993 by Carmel Sammut\" loading=\"lazy\" data-attachment-id=\"27901\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/runcinoidea\/runcina-capreensis\/runcina-capreensis-dwejra-gozo-malta-30-06-1993-by-carmel-sammut\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Runcina-capreensis-%40-Dwejra-Gozo-Malta-30-06-1993-by-Carmel-Sammut.jpg?fit=960%2C480&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"960,480\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-title=\"Runcina capreensis @ Dwejra, Gozo (Malta) 30-06-1993 by Carmel Sammut\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Runcina capreensis @ Dwejra, Gozo (Malta) 30-06-1993 by Carmel Sammut&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Runcina capreensis @ Dwejra, Gozo (Malta) 30-06-1993&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Runcina-capreensis-%40-Dwejra-Gozo-Malta-30-06-1993-by-Carmel-Sammut.jpg?fit=900%2C450&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\n                        <\/div>\n\n                    \n                    <div class=\"autonav-content\">\n\n                        <h3>\n                            Runcina capreensis                        <\/h3>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                <\/a>\n\n            <\/article>\n\n        \n            \n            <article class=\"autonav-card\">\n\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/runcinoidea\/runcina-coronata\/\">\n\n                    \n                        <div class=\"autonav-image\">\n\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/runcina-coronata1-e1379947360853.jpg?fit=800%2C533&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"autonav-thumb\" alt=\"Runcina coronata\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/runcina-coronata1-e1379947360853.jpg?w=800&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/runcina-coronata1-e1379947360853.jpg?resize=150%2C99&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/runcina-coronata1-e1379947360853.jpg?resize=300%2C199&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" data-attachment-id=\"4837\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/runcinoidea\/runcina-coronata\/runcina-coronata1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/runcina-coronata1-e1379947360853.jpg?fit=800%2C533&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"800,533\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-title=\"Runcina coronata\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Runcina coronata&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Runcina coronata&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/runcina-coronata1-e1379947360853.jpg?fit=800%2C533&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\n                        <\/div>\n\n                    \n                    <div class=\"autonav-content\">\n\n                        <h3>\n                            Runcina coronata                        <\/h3>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                <\/a>\n\n            <\/article>\n\n        \n            \n            <article class=\"autonav-card\">\n\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/runcinoidea\/runcina-ferruginea\/\">\n\n                    \n                        <div class=\"autonav-image\">\n\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"536\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/th_Runcina-ferruginea-21.jpg?fit=800%2C536&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"autonav-thumb\" alt=\"Runcina ferruginea by Enric Madrenas\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/th_Runcina-ferruginea-21.jpg?w=800&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/th_Runcina-ferruginea-21.jpg?resize=150%2C100&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/th_Runcina-ferruginea-21.jpg?resize=300%2C201&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" data-attachment-id=\"13995\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/runcinoidea\/runcina-ferruginea\/th_runcina-ferruginea-21\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/th_Runcina-ferruginea-21.jpg?fit=800%2C536&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"800,536\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-title=\"Runcina ferruginea by Enric Madrenas\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Runcina ferruginea by Enric Madrenas&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Runcina ferruginea&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/th_Runcina-ferruginea-21.jpg?fit=800%2C536&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\n                        <\/div>\n\n                    \n                    <div class=\"autonav-content\">\n\n                        <h3>\n                            Runcina ferruginea                        <\/h3>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                <\/a>\n\n            <\/article>\n\n        \n            \n            <article class=\"autonav-card\">\n\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/runcinoidea\/runcina-hansbechi\/\">\n\n                    \n                        <div class=\"autonav-image\">\n\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"820\" height=\"554\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/Runcina-hansbechi-Antoni-L%C3%B3pez-Arenas-3.jpg?fit=820%2C554&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"autonav-thumb\" alt=\"Runcina hansbechi\" loading=\"lazy\" data-attachment-id=\"7499\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/runcinoidea\/runcina-hansbechi\/antoni-lopez-arenas-i-cama-3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/Runcina-hansbechi-Antoni-L%C3%B3pez-Arenas-3.jpg?fit=820%2C554&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"820,554\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-title=\"Runcina hansbechi\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Runcina hansbechi&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Runcina hansbechi&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/Runcina-hansbechi-Antoni-L%C3%B3pez-Arenas-3.jpg?fit=820%2C554&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\n                        <\/div>\n\n                    \n                    <div class=\"autonav-content\">\n\n                        <h3>\n                            Runcina hansbechi                        <\/h3>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                <\/a>\n\n            <\/article>\n\n        \n            \n            <article class=\"autonav-card\">\n\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/runcinoidea\/runcina-ornata\/\">\n\n                    \n                        <div class=\"autonav-image\">\n\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"580\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/th_Runcina-ornata-2-3mm-%40-Qalet-Marku-1m-depth-22-03-1993-by-Carmel-Sammut.jpg?fit=580%2C281&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"autonav-thumb\" alt=\"Runcina ornata 2-3mm @ Qalet Marku, Malta 1m depth 22-03-1993 by Carmel Sammut\" loading=\"lazy\" data-attachment-id=\"14232\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/runcinoidea\/runcina-ornata\/th_runcina-ornata-2-3mm-qalet-marku-1m-depth-22-03-1993-by-carmel-sammut\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/th_Runcina-ornata-2-3mm-%40-Qalet-Marku-1m-depth-22-03-1993-by-Carmel-Sammut.jpg?fit=580%2C281&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"580,281\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-title=\"Runcina ornata 2-3mm @ Qalet Marku, Malta  1m depth 22-03-1993 by Carmel Sammut\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Runcina ornata 2-3mm @ Qalet Marku, Malta  1m depth 22-03-1993 by Carmel Sammut&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Runcina ornata 2-3mm @ Qalet Marku, Malta  1m depth 22-03-1993&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/th_Runcina-ornata-2-3mm-%40-Qalet-Marku-1m-depth-22-03-1993-by-Carmel-Sammut.jpg?fit=580%2C281&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\n                        <\/div>\n\n                    \n                    <div class=\"autonav-content\">\n\n                        <h3>\n                            Runcina ornata                        <\/h3>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                <\/a>\n\n            <\/article>\n\n        \n            \n            <article class=\"autonav-card\">\n\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/runcinoidea\/runcina-zavodniki\/\">\n\n                    \n                        <div class=\"autonav-image\">\n\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"599\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Runcina-zavodniki-%40-Croatia-by-Pero-Ugarkovi%C4%87-3.jpg?fit=900%2C599&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"autonav-thumb\" alt=\"Runcina zavodniki @ Croatia by Pero Ugarkovi\u0107\" loading=\"lazy\" data-attachment-id=\"27952\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/runcinoidea\/runcina-zavodniki\/runcina-zavodniki-croatia-by-pero-ugarkovic-3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Runcina-zavodniki-%40-Croatia-by-Pero-Ugarkovi%C4%87-3.jpg?fit=958%2C638&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"958,638\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-title=\"Runcina zavodniki @ Croatia by Pero Ugarkovi\u0107\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Runcina zavodniki @ Croatia by Pero Ugarkovi\u0107&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Runcina zavodniki @ Croatia&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Runcina-zavodniki-%40-Croatia-by-Pero-Ugarkovi%C4%87-3.jpg?fit=900%2C599&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\n                        <\/div>\n\n                    \n                    <div class=\"autonav-content\">\n\n                        <h3>\n                            Runcina zavodniki                        <\/h3>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                <\/a>\n\n            <\/article>\n\n        \n    <\/div>\n\n    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Molecular phylogeny of the Euthyneura (Mollusca, Gastropoda) with special focus on Opisthobranchia as a framework for reconstruction of evolution of diet. <i>Thalassas<\/i>, <i>27<\/i>(2), 121-154.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7365-1246567-HGKZ2QJG\" data-zp-author-date='J\u00f6rger-et-al.-2010' data-zp-date-author='2010-J\u00f6rger-et-al.' data-zp-date='2010' data-zp-year='2010' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">J\u00f6rger, K. M., St\u00f6ger, I., Kano, Y., Fukuda, H., Knebelsberger, T., Schr\u00f6dl, M. (2010). On the origin of Acochlidia and other enigmatic euthyneuran gastropods, with implications for the systematics of Heterobranchia. <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology<\/i>, <i>10<\/i>(DOI: 10.1186\/1471-2148-10-323).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7365-1246567-ZVJH6JKK\" data-zp-author-date='Malaquias-et-al.-2009' data-zp-date-author='2009-Malaquias-et-al.' data-zp-date='2009' data-zp-year='2009' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Malaquias, M. A. E., Mackenzie-Dodds, J., Bouchet, P., Gosliner, T. M., Reid, D. G. (2009). A molecular phylogeny of the Cephalaspidea sensu lato (Gastropoda: Euthyneura): Architectibranchia redefined and Runcinacea reinstated. <i>Zoologica Scripta 38(1): 23-41<\/i>. <a class='zp-DOIURL' target='_blank' href='https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1463-6409.2008.00354.x'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1463-6409.2008.00354.x<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-zp-SEO-Content -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-List -->\n\t<\/div><!--.zp-Zotpress-->\n\n<p><\/p>Bibliograf\u00eda basada en los trabajos de <b>Steve Long, 2006<\/b>. <a target=_blank href=https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Long-S.-2006-Bibliography-of-Opisthobranchia-1554-2000.pdf>Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000<\/a> y <b>Gary McDonald, 2009<\/b>. <a href=http:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/8115h0wz>Bibliographia Nudibranchia<\/a>, con actualizaciones posteriores procedentes de otras fuentes.<p><\/p><\/ul><p><\/p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Los Runcinida son un peque\u00f1o grupo de moluscos gaster\u00f3podos heterobranquios marinos tradicionalmente relacionados con las babosas marinas. Son animales de peque\u00f1o tama\u00f1o, con el cuerpo blando y sin una concha externa visible en el adulto. Su aspecto es discreto y su anatom\u00eda presenta diversas caracter\u00edsticas especializadas que los diferencian de otros grupos de heterobranquios. Los Runcinida viven principalmente en ambientes marinos poco profundos, donde pueden encontrarse sobre sustratos rocosos, entre\u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"continue-reading-button\"> <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/runcinoidea\/\">Sigue leyendo<i class=\"crycon-right-dir\"><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":291,"featured_media":4837,"parent":185,"menu_order":2048,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7365","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7365","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/291"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7365"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7365\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":49042,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7365\/revisions\/49042"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/185"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4837"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7365"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}