{"id":7565,"date":"2013-08-14T14:38:07","date_gmt":"2013-08-14T12:38:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/runcina-africana"},"modified":"2018-02-12T06:50:59","modified_gmt":"2018-02-12T05:50:59","slug":"runcina-africana","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/runcinoidea\/runcina-africana\/","title":{"rendered":"Runcina africana"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<h3><em>Runcina africana<\/em> (Pruvot-Fol, 1953)<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size:10pt;\" class=\"aligncenter\"><div id=\"featured-img-id\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/PICT4451bis-Rosesbis.jpg?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Runcina africana (Costa Brava) by Manuel Ballesteros\" \/><\/div><center><em>Runcina africana (Costa Brava) by Manuel Ballesteros<\/em> por Manuel Ballesteros<\/center><\/span><p><\/p><div class=\"opk-worms\"><h3>Informaci\u00f3n taxon\u00f3mica WoRMS<\/h3><div class=\"opk-success\">Nombre aceptado actual: <strong><em>Runcina africana<\/em> Pruvot-Fol, 1953<\/strong><\/div><h4>Clasificaci\u00f3n actual<\/h4><table class=\"widefat striped\"><tr><th>Superdomain<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1\">Biota<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Kingdom<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=2\">Animalia<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Phylum<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=51\">Mollusca<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Class<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=101\">Gastropoda<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Subclass<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=14712\">Heterobranchia<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Infraclass<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1057247\">Euthyneura<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Subterclass<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1057250\">Tectipleura<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Order<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1059014\">Runcinida<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Superfamily<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=411898\">Runcinoidea<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Family<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1751\">Runcinidae<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Genus<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138462\"><em>Runcina<\/em><\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Species<\/th><td><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=141406\"><em>Runcina africana<\/em> Pruvot-Fol, 1953<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/table><p class=\"footer\">Clasificaci\u00f3n proporcionada por el World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). [<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=141406\">141406<\/a>]<\/p><\/div><strong>Descripci\u00f3n<br \/>\n<\/strong>Los ejemplares suelen medir entre 3 y 3,5 mm de longitud. El color general del cuerpo es pardo muy oscuro, casi negro, en el que destacan dos l\u00edneas irregulares blanco-cremosas que atraviesan transversalmente la regi\u00f3n anterior y posterior del dorso, la primera delimitando anteriormente la cabeza. En \u00e9sta se pueden distinguir en su borde anterior dos peque\u00f1os y redondeados l\u00f3bulos cef\u00e1licos. Los ejemplares m\u00e1s grandes pueden presentar numerosas y peque\u00f1as puntuaciones blancas dispersas por el dorso. \u00c9ste es ligeramente m\u00e1s ancho que el pie pero por delante y a la altura de la cabeza sobresalen dos peque\u00f1os l\u00f3bulos pedales. En el dorso de la cabeza hay dos manchas claras ovaladas donde se pueden apreciar los ojos. En vista lateral se pueden apreciar en el borde lateral del manto y en el pie unas ligeras irisaciones oscuras. En vista ventral, el pie es de color homog\u00e9neo, pardo negruzco, algo m\u00e1s claro que el dorso aunque los bordes laterales del pie son algo m\u00e1s claros que el resto del pie; tambi\u00e9n puede presentar una coloraci\u00f3n ligeramente anaranjada en el centro.La cola es corta y ancha y tiene un color de fondo blanco-cremoso pero est\u00e1 pigmentada dorsalmente por manchas grandes irregulares. Entre la regi\u00f3n posterior del dorso y la cola sobresalen 3 hojas branquiales superpuestas apretadamente del mismo color que el cuerpo, la central es la m\u00e1s grande y dispone de unas 4 cortas laminillas.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Biolog\u00eda<br \/>\n<\/strong>De esta especie hay muy pocos datos de su presencia por lo que se conoce muy poco de su biolog\u00eda. Como otras especies del mismo g\u00e9nero y por su peque\u00f1o tama\u00f1o, es muy cr\u00edptica sobre el substrato y s\u00f3lo suele aparecer cuando se recolectan algas del infralitoral y se estudian en el laboratorio. As\u00ed se ha citado entre algas coralin\u00e1ceas y <em>Jania rubens<\/em> (Cervera et al. 1991) y entre algas como <em>Codium vermilara, Halopteris <\/em>sp., algas rodof\u00edceas de talo blando y algas calc\u00e1reas (Correa, 2012).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Etimolog\u00eda<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Runcina<\/em>. Del Lat\u00edn \u201cruncina\u201d, cepillo de carpintero, \u00fatil que se emplea para alisar la superficie de la madera.<\/li>\n<li><em>Africana<\/em> = de \u00c1frica, origen de los ejemplares tipo de la especie, recolectados en la costa atl\u00e1ntica de Marruecos<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Distribuci\u00f3n<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>Runcina africana <\/em>fue descrita por Pruvot-Fol en 1953 en base a ejemplares capturados en la zona intermareal de Temara, costa atl\u00e1ntica de Marruecos (Pruvot-Fol 1953). Desde entonces s\u00f3lo ha sido recolectada en la localidad de Punta Carnero en la zona intermareal del Estrecho de Gibraltar (Cervera et al. 1991), en Canarias (Ortea &amp; Moro, 1999) y m\u00e1s recientemente Schmekel &amp; Capellato (2002) la han recolectado en Banyuls sur Mer (Costa Brava francesa). En las costas catalanas ha sido observada en el litoral del Cap de Creus, Cala Margarida y Blanes.<br \/>\n<div id=\"flxmap-6a6e0fd463b79\" class='flxmap-container' data-flxmap='flxmap_6a6e0fd463b79' style=\"width:100%;height:400px;\"><\/div>\n<script data-noptimize=\"1\">\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/\n(function(w, fn) {\n if (w.addEventListener) w.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", fn, false);\n else if (w.attachEvent) w.attachEvent(\"onload\", fn);\n})(window, function() {\n var f = new FlexibleMap();\n f.panControl = true;\n f.mapTypeId = \"satellite\";\n f.setlocale(\"es-ES\");\n f.kmlcache = \"5 minutes\";\n f.showKML(\"flxmap-6a6e0fd463b79\", \"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/7565.kmz\");\n window.flxmap_6a6e0fd463b79 = f;\n});\n\/* ]]> *\/\n<\/script>\n<div style=\"width:100%;text-align:center;margin:12px 0 4px 0;\">\n  <div style=\"font-size:8pt;margin-bottom:6px;\">Citas georeferenciadas conocidas de la especie: <em>Runcina africana<\/em><\/div>\n  <table style=\"margin:0 auto;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:8pt;\">\n    <tr><td colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:left;padding-bottom:4px;\"><strong>Fonts:<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td style=\"vertical-align:top;padding-right:40px;\">\n        <table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n<tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/wht-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>OBIS<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/ylw-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>GROC 2010-2011<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/grn-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Enric Madrenas<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/orange-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Jo\u00e3o Pedro Silva<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/pink-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Bernard Picton<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/blk-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>GBIF<\/td><\/tr>        <\/table>\n      <\/td>\n      <td style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\n        <table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\">\n<tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/purple-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>OPK<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/red-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>VIMAR<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/blu-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Manuel Ballesteros<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/cyan-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>M@re Nostrum<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/grey-circle-lv.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Altres fonts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style='padding:1px 6px 1px 0;vertical-align:middle'><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/kms\/marreg.png?w=900&#038;ssl=1\" style='display:block'><\/td><td style='padding:1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap'>Marine Regions<\/td><\/tr>        <\/table>\n      <\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>Error:<\/strong> Chart.js no est\u00e1 disponible.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Otras fotos<br \/>\n<\/strong><div class=\"tiled-gallery type-rectangular tiled-gallery-unresized\" data-original-width=\"900\" data-carousel-extra='{&quot;blog_id&quot;:1,&quot;permalink&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/opistobranquis.info\\\/es\\\/guia\\\/runcinoidea\\\/runcina-africana\\\/&quot;,&quot;likes_blog_id&quot;:44192421}' itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\" > <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 900px; height: 557px;\" data-original-width=\"900\" data-original-height=\"557\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 900px; height: 557px;\" 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Ballesteros\" alt=\"Runcina africana (Costa Brava) by Manuel Ballesteros\" style=\"width: 896px; height: 553px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Runcina africana (Costa Brava) by Manuel Ballesteros <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <\/div><\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Bibliograf\u00eda<\/strong><\/p><ul><div id=\"zotpress-2312c4ab309abad4df5719ff75b55605\" class=\"zp-Zotpress zp-Zotpress-Bib wp-block-group\">\n\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_API_USER_ID ZP_ATTR\">1246567<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ITEM_KEY ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_COLLECTION_ID ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TAG_ID ZP_ATTR\">Runcina africana<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_AUTHOR ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_YEAR ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_ITEMTYPE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_INCLUSIVE ZP_ATTR\">1<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_STYLE 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Disponible en: <a class=&#039;zp-ItemURL&#039; target=&#039;_blank&#039; href=&#039;https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/&#039;>https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/<\/a> [Accedido 6 de marzo de 2026]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7565-1246567-HDGJAHEX\" data-zp-author-date='Cervera-et-al.-1991' data-zp-date-author='1991-Cervera-et-al.' data-zp-date='1991' data-zp-year='1991' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Cervera, J. L., Garc\u00eda-G\u00f3mez, J. C., Garc\u00eda, F. J. (1991). The genus Runcina Forbes & Hanley, 1851 (Opisthobranchia, Cephalaspidea) in the Strait of Gibraltar, with de description of a new species from the Bay of Algeciras. <i>Journal of Molluscan Studies<\/i>, <i>57<\/i>, 199-208.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7565-1246567-HM8AG4CQ\" data-zp-author-date='Cervera-et-al.-2004' data-zp-date-author='2004-Cervera-et-al.' data-zp-date='2004' data-zp-year='2004' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Cervera, J. L., Calado, G., Gavaia, C., Malaqu\u00edas, M. A. E., Templado, J., Ballesteros, M., Garc\u00eda-G\u00f3mez, J. C., Megina, C. (2004). An annotated and updated checklist of the opisthobranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Spain and Portugal (including islands and archipelagos). <i>Bolet\u00edn Instituto Espa\u00f1ol de Oceanograf\u00eda<\/i>, <i>20<\/i>(1-4), 1-111.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7565-1246567-ZN6FEASS\" data-zp-author-date='Correa-et-al.-2015' data-zp-date-author='2015-Correa-et-al.' data-zp-date='2015' data-zp-year='2015' data-zp-itemtype='presentation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Correa, M., Madrenas, E., Riesgo, A., Ballesteros, M. (2015). First molecular approach to the study of Mediterranean Runcina Forbes [in Forbes & Hanley], 1851 (Heterobranchia: Runcinacea).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7565-1246567-3VWGKIQP\" data-zp-author-date='Long-2006' data-zp-date-author='2006-Long' data-zp-date='2006' data-zp-year='2006' data-zp-itemtype='book' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Long, S. J. (2006). <i>Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000. Bayside Books & Press, Tustin, CA, U.S.A. 672p.<\/i><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7565-1246567-4KX5EJQR\" data-zp-author-date='Malaquias-et-al.-2009' data-zp-date-author='2009-Malaquias-et-al.' data-zp-date='2009' data-zp-year='2009' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Malaquias, M., Calado, G., Padula, V., Villani, G., Cervera, J. L. (2009). Molluscan diversity in the North Atlantic Ocean: new records of opisthobranch gastropods from the Archipelago of the Azores. <i>Marine Biodiversity<\/i>, <i>2<\/i>, e38.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7565-1246567-ZVJH6JKK\" data-zp-author-date='Malaquias-et-al.-2009' data-zp-date-author='2009-Malaquias-et-al.' data-zp-date='2009' data-zp-year='2009' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Malaquias, M. A. E., Mackenzie-Dodds, J., Bouchet, P., Gosliner, T. M., Reid, D. G. (2009). A molecular phylogeny of the Cephalaspidea sensu lato (Gastropoda: Euthyneura): Architectibranchia redefined and Runcinacea reinstated. <i>Zoologica Scripta 38(1): 23-41<\/i>. <a class=&#039;zp-DOIURL&#039; target=&#039;_blank&#039; href=&#039;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1463-6409.2008.00354.x&#039;>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1463-6409.2008.00354.x<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7565-1246567-5MFDPG8V\" data-zp-author-date='McDonald-2009' data-zp-date-author='2009-McDonald' data-zp-date='2009' data-zp-year='2009' data-zp-itemtype='webpage' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">McDonald, G. (2009). Bibliographia Nudibranchia. 2nd Online Edition, Annotated. 1072 pp\u00a0 Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz. Disponible en: <a class=&#039;zp-ItemURL&#039; target=&#039;_blank&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/8115h0wz&#039;>http:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/8115h0wz<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7565-1246567-LM4I8WZ4\" data-zp-author-date='Moro-et-al.-2017' data-zp-date-author='2017-Moro-et-al.' data-zp-date='2017' data-zp-year='2017' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Moro, L., Oca\u00f1a, O., Bacallado, J. J., Mart\u00edn, J., Ortea, J. (2017). Nota sobre tres babosas marinas (Nudibranchia y Sacoglossa) colectadas en las costas atl\u00e1nticas de \u00c1frica (Cabo Espartel, Agadir y Dakhla), con un listado de especies acompa\u00f1antes. <i>Vieraea 45: 205-214<\/i>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7565-1246567-859T5XXN\" data-zp-author-date='Moro-et-al.-2010' data-zp-date-author='2010-Moro-et-al.' data-zp-date='2010' data-zp-year='2010' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Moro, L., Bacallado, J. J., Ortea, J. A. (2010). Babosas marinas de las islas Canarias. <i>Actas VI Semana Cient\u00edfica Telesforo Bravo, Instituto de Estudios Hisp\u00e1nicos de Canarias<\/i>. <a class=&#039;zp-DOIURL&#039; target=&#039;_blank&#039; href=&#039;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/RG.2.1.1168.2009&#039;>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/RG.2.1.1168.2009<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7565-1246567-DJ3USB54\" data-zp-author-date='Moro-et-al.-2003' data-zp-date-author='2003-Moro-et-al.' data-zp-date='2003' data-zp-year='2003' data-zp-itemtype='book' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Moro, L., Mart\u00edn Esquivel, J. L., Garrido Sanahuja, M. J., Izquierdo Zamora, I. (2003). <i>Lista de especies marinas de Canarias (algas, hongos, plantas y animales)<\/i>. Consejer\u00eda de Pol\u00edtica Territorial y Medio Ambiente del Gobierno de Canarias.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7565-1246567-ZR49TB8F\" data-zp-author-date='Ortea-et-al.-2007' data-zp-date-author='2007-Ortea-et-al.' data-zp-date='2007' data-zp-year='2007' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Ortea, J., Moro, L., Espinosa, J. (2007). Descripci\u00f3n de dos especies nuevas del g\u00e9nero Runcina Forbes y Hanley, 1853 (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia: Cephalaspidea) de la isla de Cuba. <i>Revista de la Academia Canaria de Ciencias, 18(3-4): 27-32<\/i>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7565-1246567-5UVIDCZV\" data-zp-author-date='Oskars-et-al.-2015' data-zp-date-author='2015-Oskars-et-al.' data-zp-date='2015' data-zp-year='2015' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Oskars, T. R., Bouchet, P., Malaquias, M. A. E. (2015). A new phylogeny of the Cephalaspidea (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia)based on expanded taxon sampling and gene markers. <i>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 89 (2015) 130\u2013150<\/i>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7565-1246567-CZZUG4YJ\" data-zp-author-date='Parera-et-al.-2020' data-zp-date-author='2020-Parera-et-al.' data-zp-date='2020' data-zp-year='2020' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Parera, A., Pontes, M., Salvador, X., Ballesteros, M. (2020). Sea slugs (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Heterobranchia): the other inhabitants of the city of Barcelona (Spain). <i>Butllet\u00ed de la Instituci\u00f3 Catalana d\u2019Hist\u00f2ria Natural<\/i>, <i>84<\/i>, 75-100.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7565-1246567-Y7HZLNFI\" data-zp-author-date='Pontes-et-al.-2021' data-zp-date-author='2021-Pontes-et-al.' data-zp-date='2021' data-zp-year='2021' data-zp-itemtype='book' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Pontes, M., Salvador, X., Parera, A., \u00c1lvarez, G., Ballesteros, M. (2021). <i>Biodiversity in anthropized marinas. The case of the Barcelona Forum bathing area (Spain)<\/i>. Instituci\u00f3 Catalana d\u2019Hist\u00f2ria Natural.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7565-1246567-XC7C77WS\" data-zp-author-date='Pruvot-Fol-1953' data-zp-date-author='1953-Pruvot-Fol' data-zp-date='1953' data-zp-year='1953' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Pruvot-Fol, A. (1953). Etude de quelques Opisthobranches de la c\u00f4te Atlantique du Maroc et du Senegal. <i>Travaux de l\u2019Institut Scientifique Ch\u00e9rifien 5: 1-105<\/i>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7565-1246567-TSEAHT4Z\" data-zp-author-date='Schmekel-and-Cappellato-2002' data-zp-date-author='2002-Schmekel-and-Cappellato' data-zp-date='2002' data-zp-year='2002' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Schmekel, L., Cappellato, D. (2002). Contributions to the Runcinidae. II. Three new species and comparative studies on five established species of Runcina (Opisthobranchia Cephalaspidea) in the Mediterranean. <i>Vie et Milieu 52 (2-3): 86-102<\/i>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7565-1246567-X4ZW6P89\" data-zp-author-date='Templado-and-Villanueva-2010' data-zp-date-author='2010-Templado-and-Villanueva' data-zp-date='2010' data-zp-year='2010' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Templado, J., Villanueva, R. (2010). Checklist of Phylum Mollusca. pp. 148-198 In Coll, M., et al., 2010. The biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea: estimates, patterns, and threats. <i>PLoS ONE 5(8):36pp.<\/i><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-7565-1246567-7EGYZ8LE\" data-zp-author-date='WoRMS-Editorial-Board-2026' data-zp-date-author='2026-WoRMS-Editorial-Board' data-zp-date='2026' data-zp-year='2026' data-zp-itemtype='webpage' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">WoRMS Editorial Board. (2026). World Register of Marine Species. <i>WoRMS<\/i>. Disponible en: <a class=&#039;zp-ItemURL&#039; target=&#039;_blank&#039; href=&#039;http:\/\/www.marinespecies.org&#039;>http:\/\/www.marinespecies.org<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-zp-SEO-Content -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-List -->\n\t<\/div><!--.zp-Zotpress-->\n\n<p><\/p>Bibliograf\u00eda basada en los trabajos de <b>Steve Long, 2006<\/b>. <a target=_blank href=https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Long-S.-2006-Bibliography-of-Opisthobranchia-1554-2000.pdf>Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000<\/a> y <b>Gary McDonald, 2009<\/b>. <a href=http:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/8115h0wz>Bibliographia Nudibranchia<\/a>, con actualizaciones posteriores procedentes de otras fuentes.<p><\/p><\/ul><p><\/p><p><strong>M\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p><span style=\"font-size:10pt\"><ul><ul class=\"blogroll-links\"><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/name\/Runcina%20africana\">Biodiversity Heritage Library<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/search\/?text=Runcina%20africana\">Flickr pictures<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.irmng.org\/aphia.php?p=taxlist&#038;tName=Runcina%20africana\">Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/Taxonomy\/Browser\/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&#038;name=Runcina%20africana&#038;lvl=0&#038;srchmode=1\">NCBI GenBank<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/iobis.org\/mapper\/?taxon=Runcina%20africana\">OBIS - Search by Taxon<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&#038;id=141406\">World Register of Marine Species<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/ul><\/span><p><strong>Citar este art\u00edculo como: <\/strong><\/p><div style=\"display: block; background: #444444; padding: 10px 30px 10px 10px; border-radius: 5px; line-height: 18px;\"><p class=\"citacio\"><b>Ballesteros, M., Madrenas, E. &#38; Pontes, M.<\/b> (2025) <em>\"Runcina africana\"<\/em> en <em>OPK-Opistobranquis<\/em>. Publicado: 14\/08\/2013. Accedido: 01\/08\/2026. Disponible en (<a href=https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/?p=7565>https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/?p=7565<\/a>)<\/p><p><\/p><\/div><p><\/p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Runcina africana (Pruvot-Fol, 1953) Descripci\u00f3n Los ejemplares suelen medir entre 3 y 3,5 mm de longitud. El color general del cuerpo es pardo muy oscuro, casi negro, en el que destacan dos l\u00edneas irregulares blanco-cremosas que atraviesan transversalmente la regi\u00f3n anterior y posterior del dorso, la primera delimitando anteriormente la cabeza. En \u00e9sta se pueden distinguir en su borde anterior dos peque\u00f1os y redondeados l\u00f3bulos cef\u00e1licos. Los ejemplares m\u00e1s grandes\u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"continue-reading-button\"> <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/guia\/runcinoidea\/runcina-africana\/\">Sigue leyendo<i class=\"crycon-right-dir\"><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":291,"featured_media":12683,"parent":7365,"menu_order":2116,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7565","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7565","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/291"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7565"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7565\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25230,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7565\/revisions\/25230"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7365"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12683"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opistobranquis.info\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7565"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}