Martadoris mediterranea

Martadoris mediterranea (Domínguez, Pola & Ramón, 2015)

Martadoris mediterranea @ La Herradura (Granada) por Enric Madrenas

Nota taxonómica: La especie más parecida a M. mediterranea es M. limaciformis, descrita por Eliot (1908) en el Mar Rojo. Ambas especies comparten diversas características morfológicas y anatómicas, como un color corporal base de intenso color rojo azafrán con pequeños puntos blancos o amarillentos esparcidos por el dorso y los lados del cuerpo. Sin embargo, la presencia de color púrpura en las puntas de los rinóforos y de las hojas branquiales son distintivas en M. limaciformis (Baba, 1960 y Pola et al. 2006a). Para descartar la posibilidad de que M. mediterranea fuera en realidad M. limaciformis introducida a través del Canal de Suez (como se creía anteriormente), se llevaron a cabo análisis filogenéticos resultando en especies diferentes (Domínguez et al. 2015). Willan & Chang (2017) la desplazaron al nuevo género Martadoris  Willan & Chang, 2017.

Sinónimos

• Tambja mediterranea  Domínguez, Pola & Ramón, 2015

Descripción

Esta especie tiene el cuerpo alargado y limaciforme, terminado en una cola puntiaguda. El cuerpo alcanza una longitud de 10 mm. El color base del cuerpo es rojo anaranjado. El dorso está cubierto de tubérculos redondeados de color blanquecino o amarillento. En algunos ejemplares los tubérculos son grandes y generalmente dispuestos en tres filas a lo largo del cuerpo, mientras que en otros los tubérculos son más pequeños y dispersos irregularmente por el dorso. La cabeza es redondeada anteriormente, con un par de rinóforos con aproximadamente 15-20 laminillas. Los rinóforos son retráctiles y disponen de vainas elevadas, son de color rojo oscuro con la punta de color blanquecino. Los tentáculos orales son cortos y tienen una ranura a lo largo. La branquia tiene 3 hojas tripinnadas no retráctiles, con un raquis de color naranja-rojizo y hojas blanquecinas o amarillentas. Hay ranuras laterales por debajo de los rinóforos. El pie y los tentáculos orales son de color rojo-anaranjado.

Biología
Aún no hay datos sobre la biología de esta especie. Los primeros especímenes recolectados en Mallorca se encontraban a 53 m de profundidad en un fondo de arena de grano medio, en una zona cubierta predominantemente por algas rojas Phyllophora crispa. Los especímenes de Malta se recogieron como descarte de las redes de los pescadores caladas a 50-60 m de profundidad, junto con hojas de Posidonia oceanica y maërl. Los especímenes de Granada se encontraron sobre algas rojas calcáreas a 23 m de profundidad pero la última cita de Mallorca fue hallada a 45 metros. Un único especimen observado en Cataluña se halló a 48 metros de profundidad, sobre una gorgonia Eunicella singularis.

Etimología

• Mediterranea. Del Latín “médium”, medio, espacio intermedio, centro + “terra”, tierra. Del Mar Mediterráneo.

Distribución
Es una especie de muy reciente descripción, basada en ejemplares encontrados en la isla de Mallorca (Campaña oceanográfica DRAGONSAL 2014) y Malta (Fom Ir-Rih, 1/07/2014: C. Mifsud in Sammut, 2016). En la costa de Granada (La Herradura, 6/12/2013: F. Aguado, com. pers.), en el litoral italiano (Secce di Tor Paterno, 30/08/2014: G. Salera, com. pers.) y en Malta (Isla de Gozo, 19/06/2015: H. Domnick in Köhler, 2016) hay citas de Martadoris limaciformis (Eliot, 1908) que ahora se han asignado a Martadoris mediterranea (Domínguez et al., 2015). La observación de un ejemplar de esta especie, de 7,9 cm de longitud, en el Cap Norfeu, Roses, España, sobre la gorgonia Eunicella singularis a 48 m de profundidad (11/09/2015: J.M. Báñez y J. Barcia, GROC), amplía su distribución en el litoral mediterráneo ibérico, así como su tamaño máximo registrado, que hasta el momento era de 20 mm (23/09/2006: G. & P. Peels in Köhler, 2016; 19/06/2015, H. Domnick in Köhler, 2016). Una observación a 50 metros de profundidad de Elena Bretaudeau en la Pota del Llop (Illes Medes) en 2024 confirma la presencia en aiguas catalanas, si bien siempre a cotas profundas. Una cita de Mallorca (Sòller, 4/12/2016: L. Juskaničová, Com. Pers.) en 45 metros de agua, y un informe reciente (Enric Ballesteros, Com. Pers.) de septiembre de 2020 en Na Foradada (Cabrera, España) en 35 metros de agua confirma la presencia estable de la especie en las Islas Baleares. Las citas más orientales de esta especie proviene de la isla de Samos (Grecia) en la que se informa de dos especímenes hallados a una profundidad de 8 metros (Tatjana Stockmann y Benjamin Gundacker, Com.Pers. y fotos adjuntas) en septiembre de 2020; también Poursanidis & Gubili {in} Báez et al (2025) informan de 2 ejemplares hallados en 22 metros de profundidad sobre Posidonia oceanica en el Parque Nacional Marino de Alonissos, Grecia en Junio de 2021, y otro ejemplar hallado a unos 10 metros de profundidad, sobre Chondrosia reniformis en Plakias, Sur de Creta, Grecia, en Octubre de 2021.

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Báez, J. C., Akyol, O., Azzurro, E., Battaglia, P., Belmonte-Gallegos, Á., Christidis, G., Crocetta, F. et al. (2025). New records of rarely reported species in the Mediterranean Sea (March 2025). Mediterranean Marine Science, 26(1), 256-276. https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.40675
Ballesteros, M., Madrenas, E., Pontes, M. (2016). Actualización del catálogo de los moluscos opistobranquios (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) de las costas catalanas. Spira, 6, 1-28.
Ballesteros, M., Pontes, M., Madrenas, E. (2019). Els nudibranquis del mar català. Brau Edicions.
Ballesteros, M., Madrenas, E., Pontes, M. (2026). OPK - Opistobranquis. Disponible en: https://opistobranquis.info/ [Accedido 6 de marzo de 2026]
Cervera, J. L., Calado, G., Gavaia, C., Malaquías, M. A. E., Templado, J., Ballesteros, M., García-Gómez, J. C., Megina, C. (2004). An annotated and updated checklist of the opisthobranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Spain and Portugal (including islands and archipelagos). Boletín Instituto Español de Oceanografía, 20(1-4), 1-111.
Domínguez, M., Pola, M., Ramón, M. (2015). A new species of Tambja (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Nudibranchia) from the Mediterranean Sea: description of the first species of the genus from the Balearic Islands and Malta. Helgoland Marine Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10152-015-0429-4
Long, S. J. (2006). Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000. Bayside Books & Press, Tustin, CA, U.S.A. 672p.
McDonald, G. (2009). Bibliographia Nudibranchia. 2nd Online Edition, Annotated. 1072 pp  Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz. Disponible en: http://escholarship.org/uc/item/8115h0wz
Pontes, M., Madrenas, E., García-Tort, A., Espada, O., Ballesteros, M. (2025). Sea Slugs (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Heterobranchia) from the Medes Islands (Costa Brava, NE Spain): Biodiversity and Ecological Study over a Decade. Diversity, 17(9), 606. https://doi.org/10.3390/d17090606
Sánchez-Tocino, L. (2018). El Litoral de Granada - Opistobranquios. El Litoral de Granada. Disponible en: https://litoraldegranada.ugr.es/el-litoral/el-litoral-sumergido/fauna/moluscos/gasteropodos/opistobranquios/ [Accedido 3 de enero de 2019]
Willan, R. C., Chang, Y.-W. (2017). Description of three new species of Tambja (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia, Polyceridae) from the western Pacific Ocean reveals morphological characters with taxonomic and phylogenetic significance for traditional Polyceridae and related «phaneorobranch» nudibranchs. Basteria. 81(1-3): 1-23.
WoRMS Editorial Board. (2026). World Register of Marine Species. WoRMS. Disponible en: http://www.marinespecies.org
Bibliografía basada en los trabajos de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 y Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, con actualizaciones posteriores procedentes de otras fuentes.

Más información

• El Litoral de Granada
• Flickr pictures
• Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
• NCBI GenBank
• OBIS - Search by Taxon

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