Clione limacina
Clione limacina (Phipps, 1774)
Clione limacina por Alexander Semenov
Información taxonómica WoRMS
Nombre aceptado actual: Clione limacina (Phipps, 1774)
Clasificación actual
Sinónimos
- Clio borealis (Pallas, 1774)
- Clio limacina Phipps, 1774 (original)
- Clio miquelonensis Rang, 1825
- Clione anctartica Smith E.A., 1902
- Clione borealis Pallas, 1774
- Clione dalli Krause, 1885
- Clione elegantissima Dall, 1871
- Clione filifera Pruvot-Fol, 1926
- Clione gracilis Massy, 1909
- Clione kinkaidi Agersborg, 1923
- Clione limacina var. meridionalis Pruvot-Fol, 1926
- Clione limacina var. typica Meisenheimer, 1906
- Clione minuta Pruvot-Fol, 1926
- Clione papilionacea Jeffreys, 1869
- Trichocyclus dumerilii Eschscholtz, 1825
Descripción
Esta especie de gimnosomado suele tener de 10 a 15 mm de longitud, aunque hay citas de ejemplares que viven en aguas frías que pueden alcanzar más de 5 cm. La forma del cuerpo es alargada, distinguiéndose una zona anterior o cabeza, un cuello, el tronco y una pequeña zona posterior. El cuerpo es semitransparente pero las vísceras rosado-anaranjadas le hacen adquirir este tono general. La cabeza es ancha y bilobulada, con la boca abriéndose en un surco existente entre los dos lóbulos y donde se aprecian también varias protuberancias redondeadas que son los conos bucales. La cabeza tiene un par de cortos rinóforos retráctiles y continúa con una especie de cuello con capacidad de retracción; el color predominante de la cabeza y del cuello es el rosado. El tronco es alargado, redondeado en su margen anterior y volviéndose más fino hacia la parte posterior y dispone de gran capacidad de contracción; en su zona media se aprecia una constricción muy poco aparente con células ciliadas formando una corona ciliada a todo alrededor del cuerpo. En el interior del tronco se ve por transparencia el tubo digestivo de color rojizo y el resto de las vísceras de color blanco-cremoso; las vísceras ocupan los dos tercios de la zona anterior del tronco mientras que el tercio final se ve vacía, sin vísceras. En la cabeza y en el tronco se pueden ver granulaciones semitransparentes de forma esférica, que se concentran principalmente en la región anterior del tronco. De la zona ventral anterior del tronco parten las aletas natatorias, que son finas, semitransparentes, sin pigmento y estriadas en sentido longitudinal; también son muy contráctiles. El pie es una superficie pequeña ventral y triangular situada entre las dos aletas y posee dos lobulaciones algo más anchas. El extremo posterior del tronco o cono caudal tiene su reborde anterior ensanchado y sus células disponen de cilios largos en constante movimiento; dentro del cono caudal también hay esférulas brillantes.
Biología
Clione limacina es el gimnosomado más abundante del pláncton superficial de aguas templadas y polares, siendo un recurso alimenticio importante para ballenas y algunos peces. Es una especie monófaga que se alimenta específicamente de tecosomados del género Limacina, L. helicina en aguas frías del Ártico y en la Antártida y L. retroversa en aguas templadas de ambos hemisferios. Captura a sus presas con la ayuda de la evaginación de los conos bucales y las sujeta con ellos mientras las depreda gracias también a los ganchos bucales. En su cuerpo tiene abundantes gránulos lipídicos en forma de esférulas brillantes que sintetiza el mismo animal y que tienen una gran importancia como recurso energético para la reproducción y para sobrevivir durante los meses invernales en los que hay escasez de alimento. La cópula de dos individuos de C. limacina es mediante la unión de sus partes ventrales, la fertilización es recíproca. Algunos autores han postulado que su ciclo vital duraría 2 años o más.
Etimología
- Clione. Del Griego “kleio”, hija de Océano y hermana de Beroe.
- Limacina. Diminutivo de Limacia. Babosa, viscoso.
Distribución
Este gimnosomado tiene una distribución bipolar, considerándose que hay dos subespecies, C. limacina limacina que vive en el hemisferio boreal (Atlántico y Pacífico) entre aguas polares y los 40º de latitud N y la subespecie C. limacina antarctica que vive en el hemisferio austral y que hasta hace poco era considerada especie separada (Clione antárctica). En la Península Ibérica ha sido citada en la costa portuguesa y en Cataluña (plataforma continental frente a costas de Garraf).
Abundancia
| Mediterráneo occidental: |
★☆☆☆☆ |
| Mediterráneo oriental: |
★☆☆☆☆ |
| Océano Atlántico: |
★★★☆☆ |
Mes
Esta gráfica muestra la probabilidad de observación mensual de Clione limacina basada en nuestros propios registros.
Vídeos
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Bibliografía
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Clione limacina
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Bibliografía basada en los trabajos de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 y Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, con actualizaciones posteriores procedentes de otras fuentes.
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Ballesteros, M., Madrenas, E. & Pontes, M. (2025) "Clione limacina" en OPK-Opistobranquis. Publicado: 23/09/2013. Accedido: 27/07/2026. Disponible en (https://opistobranquis.info/es/?p=8576)