Caloria militaris

Caloria militaris (Alder & Hancock, 1864)

Caloria militaris @ Hoi Ha Wan Marine Park, Hong Kong (6m) 20°C, 17-04-2016 por Markus Rummel

Nota taxonómica: Gosliner (1980), en su revisión sistemática de los Aeolidiacea, reclasificó Phidiana militaris como Caloria militaris basándose en análisis morfológicos detallados que revelaron una mayor afinidad entre P. militaris y las especies del género Caloria, como la estructura rinoforal, la disposición de los cerata en filas y la morfología radular. A pesar de esta publicación de 1980, esta especie se consideró dentro del género Phidiana hasta el libro de Gosliner et al. (2023) sobre las babosas marinas de Sudáfrica, donde se reafirma la reclasificación como Caloria, siendo este último género el propuesto para la especie.

Sinónimos

• Phidiana militaris (Alder & Hancock, 1864)
• Eolis militaris Alder & Hancock, 1864 (original)
• Hervia dangeri Risbec, 1953
• Learchis howensis Burn, 1966

Descripción
Con una longitud máxima de 30 mm (Debelius, 2001), tiene el cuerpo de color pálido o blanco, de forma alargada y que termina en una cola larga y apuntada, bastante por detrás de las cerata. Una línea media de color naranja brillante se bifurca en la parte anterior de la cabeza, con sendas ramas recorriendo el borde frontal de cada tentáculo oral. Otra línea de color naranja se extiende a lo largo del borde posterior de cada tentáculo oral, recorriendo cada lado del cuerpo por debajo de las cerata. Las cerata son largas y lisas, ligeramente hinchadas en el centro, y crecen en seis grupos a ambos lados del cuerpo, los últimos grupos casi se encuentran en la parte posterior. Los cerata son de color marrón con una línea de color naranja o rojo longitudinal, con los extremos distales de color amarillo, también tienen una línea azulada y acaban en una punta terminal de color blanco. Los tentáculos orales son grandes, sólidos y se estrechan hacia el extremo, compartiendo el esquema de color de las cerata. Los rinóforos tienen una banda ancha de color rojo o naranja, y el extremo amarillo. Los extremos de los tentáculos propodiales también son amarillos. El ano se encuentra en el lado derecho del cuerpo.

Biología
Se alimenta de hidroides (George, J. D., 2012). Muy similar a Caloria indica, se diferencian por la línea que pasa entre los rinóforos: Caloria indica tiene una línea blanca, mientras que Caloria militaris tiene una línea de color naranja o rojo. De esta especie se han obtenido ligandos del receptor opioide como las “phidianidinas” (Baker, 2016) que tienen un uso médico, aunque más tarde se observó que estos compuestos se pueden obtener de forma sintética.

Etimología

• Caloria,  en honor del professor Luigi Calori (1807-1896), Presidente de la Real Academia de las Ciencias de Bolonia (Italia).
• Militaris, del Latín, significa militar, soldado o guerrero, probablemente relacionado con el diseño de color naranja del cuerpo.

Distribución
Principalmente distribuida por el Indo-Pacífico. Descrita originalmente en India, también se ha citado de los Emiratos Árabes Unidos, Sri Lanka, Brunei, Malasia, Tailandia, Hong Kong y el norte de Australia. Una cita en el pecio del submarino Scirè, en la bahía de Haifa, al norte de Israel, en octubre de 2016 es probablemente la primera cita para el Mar Mediterráneo, donde es una especie exótica.

Otras fotos

Bibliografía

1246567 Caloria militaris 1 eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad 50 creator asc 1 22525 https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Bibliografía basada en los trabajos de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 y Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, con actualizaciones posteriores procedentes de otras fuentes.

Más información

• Biodiversity Heritage Library
• Flickr pictures
• Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
• Sea Slug Forum
• Wild Singapore
• World Register of Marine Species

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Agradecimientos
A Markus Rummel (Euphotic Photography) por sus fotos de esta especie.