Tayuva confusa

Tayuva confusa (Ballesteros, Llera & Ortea, 1985)

Tayuva confusa @ Gran Canaria por Mario Matute

Nota taxonómica: Ortea, Pérez y Bacallado (1981) indicaron que Discоdoris confusa fue identificada con la especie indopacífica D. fragilis (Alder & Hancock, 1864) por poseer una morfología externa (coloración, rinóforos, branquia, ornamentación del manto, etc) muy parecida y por tener también similares detalles anatómicos como la armadura labial, la rádula y la estructura del aparato genital. El envío por el Dr. Edmunds de ejemplares de D. fragilis recolectados en Tanzania permitió a Ballesteros et al (1985) comprobar que existen algunas diferencias anatómicas internas entre las mencionadas especies. Posteriormente, la profunda revisión de los Discodorídidos efectuada por Dayrat (2010), basada en caracteres morfológicos y de anatomía interna, puso en evidencia la existencia de especies sinónimas, procedentes de los diferentes mares del mundo, y redujo el número de especies válidas dentro de la familia Discodorididae. Tal fue el caso de Discodoris maculosa, una especie mediterránea bien conocida y que fue incluida en la especie Tayuva lilacina, una especie de muy amplia distribución circumtropical y presente en mares templados como el Mediterráneo. No obstante se daba la circunstancia de que ante nuevos estudios de filogenia molecular se descubriera que Tayuva lilacina fuera más bien un complejo de especies diferentes enmascaradas con una morfología muy similar. Este punto ha sido demostrado por el reciente trabajo de Fernández-Vilert et al (2025) en el que, tras analizar genéticamente diversos ejemplares de Tayuva procedentes de diferentes puntos del mundo, descubrieron cuatro grupos diferentes, proponiendo la transferencia de los ejemplares mediterráneos, que se corresponden con Discodoris maculosa Bergh, 1884 a la nueva combinación Tayuva maculosa, y los ejemplares del Atlántico nororiental, que se corresponden con Discodoris confusa Ballesteros, Llera and Ortea, 1985 resucitan la nueva combinación Tayuva confusa. Fernández-Vilert et al (2025) comentan también que el género Peltodoris forma un clado muy próximo a Tayuva, documentando varios casos de sinonimias previas de especies inicialmente clasificadas como Peltodoris, por lo que proponen obtener más información genómica para estudiar estos grupos y su posible sinonimia.

Sinónimos

• Discodoris confusa Ballesteros, Llera & Ortea, 1985

Descripción
Esta especie puede alcanzar hasta 80 mm de longitud cuando está completamente extendida. Su cuerpo es aproximadamente el doble de largo que ancho. Presenta una coloración general gris claro o crema grisáceo, con manchas blancas, pardas, grises o casi negras de formas y tamaños variables, distribuidas de manera irregular por todo el dorso. En la mayoría de los ejemplares, destacan tres hileras de manchas más oscuras situadas a ambos lados de la masa visceral y a lo largo de la línea medio-dorsal. En la zona ventral, tanto el manto como el pie presentan un patrón de manchas similar al del dorso, aunque con una densidad variable según el individuo. Algunos ejemplares están muy pigmentados, con grandes manchas oscuras en los flancos, mientras que otros tienen pocas manchas. La cabeza y los labios del borde anterior del pie suelen mostrar un fino punteado oscuro. El manto posee pequeños tubérculos cónicos o globosos alargados, de tamaño desigual y distribución irregular. Algunos de estos tubérculos, especialmente los situados en el borde del manto o a lo largo del eje mayor del cuerpo, presentan el ápice pigmentado de blanco. En ejemplares vivos de menos de 40 mm, los tubérculos suelen estar acompañados por un haz de espículas en la base, sobre todo aquellos más cercanos al borde del manto. Es frecuente encontrar tubérculos de mayor tamaño, conocidos como “gigantes”, que suelen estar pigmentados en tonos pardos y blancos. El borde del manto es ligeramente ondulado. La vaina rinofórica es elevada y está cubierta de numerosos tubérculos, algunos con el ápice blanco. Los rinóforos presentan una base con un fino punteado oscuro, mientras que sus laminillas tienen manchas oscuras y blancas. En ejemplares más grandes, la parte posterior del raquis suele ser blanca. Visto lateralmente, la región olfatoria del rinóforo tiene forma triangular, y las laminillas inferiores terminan a la misma altura que el pedúnculo. La branquia está compuesta por seis hojas tripinnadas o cuadripinnadas, con un raquis semitransparente y grisáceo, salpicado de manchas pardas y blancas. Las pínnulas presentan una coloración similar, lo que da al conjunto un aspecto parduzco. En extensión, las hojas branquiales se inclinan ligeramente hacia atrás y se agrupan en dos conjuntos de tres hojas, ubicados a cada lado del eje mayor del cuerpo. La abertura branquial es ligeramente elevada y está cubierta de tubérculos similares a los de las vainas rinofóricas, aunque de menor tamaño. Durante el desplazamiento, el pie no sobresale por la parte posterior del manto.

Biología
Se encuentra desde la zona de mareas hasta unos 8 m de profundidad, donde se supone que se alimenta de esponjas. Su puesta es una cinta blanca enrrollada en espiral de 2 a 3 vueltas y los huevos están alineados verticalmente y tienen un diámetro de 190 micras (entre 175 y 210 micras). Cuando es molestada, autotomiza el borde del manto fácilmente, ya sea parcial o totalmente, mientras segregan gran cantidad de mucus.

Especies similares

• Tayuva maculosa Bergh, 1884, es la especie más próxima a T. confusa y con la que puede ser confundida. Sin embargo, T. maculosa tiene los tubérculos del manto más uniformes y apretados, no presenta autotomía en el manto, su bolsa copulatriz es blanca y sus elementos de la armadura labial son diferentes.
• Taringa oleica y Peltodoris punctifera, especies que viven en las islas Canarias, ya que tienen igual coloración, seis hojas branquiales, rinóforos similares y cabeza con tentáculos orales, pero se las separa muy fácilmente por su anatomía interna, ya que sus rádulas son muy distintas.

Etimología

• Confusa. Del latín “confundio”, confundir, por la confusión que ha existido tradicionalmente con la especie Discodoris fragilis

Distribución
Es una especie bastante frecuente en el litoral de las Islas Canarias, también se ha hallado en el litoral norte de la península y en Madeira, habitualmente citada como T.maculosa, aunque tras el trabajo de Fernández-Vilert et al (2025), en el que analizaron genéticamente las especies de este grupo críptico, todos los ejemplares de T. maculosa citados en el Atlántico nororiental se consideran T. confusa.

Otras fotos

Bibliografía

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Bibliografía basada en los trabajos de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 y Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, con actualizaciones posteriores procedentes de otras fuentes.

Más información

• Biodiversidad Virtual
• RedPROMAR
• World Register or Marine Species

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