Petalifera petalifera

Petalifera petalifera (Rang, 1828)

• Aplysia brugnatelli van Beneden & Robb, 1835
• Aplysia depressa Cantraine, 1835
• Aplysia petalifera Rang, 1828 (original)
• Aplysia unguifera Rang, 1828
• Aplysia webbii van Beneden & Robb, 1835
• Phyllaplysia depressa (Cantraine, 1835)

Descripción
Los ejemplares de esta especie pueden medir hasta 40 mm de longitud, pero lo más común es que tengan un tamaño entre 15 y 25 mm de longitud. El cuerpo es muy aplanado, casi en forma de hoja, y su coloración de fondo es verde  pero con numerosas puntuaciones marrones y manchas blanquecinas irregulares. Esta coloración puede variar según el substrato en que se encuentre, así como si se localiza sobre hojas de Posidonia oceanica nuevas (color del animal predominantemente verde) o viejas (color del animal con predominio de manchas blanquecinas). La cabeza diferencia dos rinóforos auriculados y unidos en su base. Los parápodos son cortos, cubren la totalidad del dorso y están fusionados excepto por un orificio dorso-posterior. En el centro del dorso y cubierta por el manto y los parápodos hay una concha frágil, calcificada de color blanquecino pero translúcida.

Nota descriptiva: Como han indicado diferentes autores, P. petalifera y la especie afín Phyllaplysia lafonti, por lo similar de su morfología y variabilidad en su coloración, es posible que hayan sido repetidamente confundidas en la bibliografía anterior a los años 80 del siglo pasado. En todo caso, P. lafonti tiene una coloración característica de bandas concéntricas alternativamente claras y oscuras que no presenta P. petalifera.

Biología
P. petalifera en el Mar Mediterráneo vive estrechamente asociada a las hojas y a los rizomas de la fanerógama marina Posidonia oceanica. Tiene principalmente hábitos nocturnos. Su forma y su coloración la hacen muy críptica sobre las hojas y difícil su localización. Fuera del Mediterráneo se la ha localizado sobre talos de algas de los géneros Caulerpa y Padina (Canarias; Ortea & Martínez, 1991) y también Enteromorpha y Sargassum (Barbados; Marcus & Hughes, 1974). No se sabe con certeza si se alimenta de las citadas algas o de P. oceanica o bien del fieltro de microalgas que viven sobre ellas.

Etimología

• Petalifera. Del Griego “petalon”, pétalo + “pherein”, llevar, cargar.

Distribución
Se trata de una especie de ámbito anfiatlántico ya que se ha encontrado en el Caribe (Miloslavich et al.  2010), en las costas atlánticas europeas y en el Mediterráneo oriental (Koukouras, 2010). En la Península Ibérica ha sido citada en las costas portuguesas y en toda la costa mediterránea, también en Baleares, Canarias, Madeira y Azores (Cervera et al. 2004). En Catalunya se ha registrado en Es Caials, Cadaqués, L´Escala, Cala Aiguafreda, Cala Margarida, Tossa de Mar y Blanes.

Citas georeferenciadas conocidas de la especie: Petalifera petalifera

Fonts:
OBIS GROC 2010-2011 Enric Madrenas João Pedro Silva Bernard Picton GBIF	OPK VIMAR Manuel Ballesteros M@re Nostrum Altres fonts Marine Regions

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Petalifera petalifera by Enric Madrenas

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Bibliografía basada en los trabajos de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 y Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, con actualizaciones posteriores procedentes de otras fuentes.

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