Goniodoridella picoensis

Goniodoridella picoensis Paz-Sedano, Ortigosa & Pola, 2017

Goniodoridella picoensis @ Palamós por Enric Madrenas

Descripción
Cuerpo de pequeño tamaño, de unos 5 mm de longitud, alto y alargado. Hay tres formas de color citadas en la localidad tipo: algunos especímenes son de color amarillo brillante con las puntas de los rinóforos, branquias y cola de color anaranjado, otros especímenes son blancos con las puntas de rinóforos, branquias y cola de color amarillo, mientras que el tercer grupo muestra una coloración de base transparente amarillenta y las puntas de los órganos externos y la cola pueden tener, o no, coloraci´´on anaranjada o amarilla. El manto está recubierto de largas espículas de diferentes tamaños y con protuberancias a lo largo de ellas. Hay un borde notal bien desarrollado con cinco papilas laterales, distribuidas simétricamente a cada lado del cuerpo. Dos papilas se encuentran por delante de los rinóforos, dos detrás de las branquias y las tres restantes crecen a cada lado del cuerpo entre los rinóforos y las branquias. Las papilas son cilíndricas, largas y estrechas, cada vez más largas y anchas hacia la parte posterior del animal. Una sola papila mediana crece en el medio del dorso, en el extremo de una cresta mediodorsal que se llega hasta los rinóforos. Los rinóforos son alargados y delgados, con entre 7 y 9 laminillas en la parte posterior y lateral de los rinóforos, pero ausentes en su parte frontal. Las puntas de los rinóforos carecen de laminillas. Las branquias están formadas por 4 hojas unipinnadas que rodean el ano, las dos más anteriores crecen a partir de un tallo común; su forma y longitud son similares a las de las papilas. El pie es largo y delgado. Dos tentáculos orales relativamente cortos se encuentran a ambos lados de la boca. El gonoporo se encuentra en el lado derecho del cuerpo.

Biología
Aunque se desconoce su dieta, se puede suponer que esta especie se alimenta de pequeños briozoos como el resto de especies del género Goniodoridella. Lombardo & Marletta (2024) documentan esta especie sobre el briozoo Nolella sp. No se conocen más detalles de su biología.

Etimología

• Picoensis. En referencia a la isla de Pico, en el archipiélago de Azores, donde se halló esta especie.

Distribución
Originalmente descrita en la isla de Pico, en el archipiélago de las Azores (Pola et al., 2017), posteriormente ha sido reportada a lo largo de todo el Mediterráneo, salvo en el Adriático (de momento), con citas desde el mar de Alborán hasta Israel que se han producido en cuestión de meses, un rápido progreso detallado en el artículo de Trainito. et al., 2022. La primera cita para aguas ibéricas (Pontes & Madrenas, 2021) fué realizada en La Herradura, Granada, España con fotos de David Ballesteros, pero en junio de 2021 apareció en Tamariu, Cataluña, España, reportada por Maria Pichlmaier en 8 metros de agua en una pared umbría. En febrero de 2022 apareció en Eivissa, Islas Baleares, según fotos de Joan Pereyra. En 2023 ha sido frecuente en la mayoría de puntos de inmersión de la Costa Brava, lo que sorprende dada su reciente aparición en estas costas. A finales de 2024 apareció de forma frecuente por toda la costa del Maresme, cerca de Barcelona (España).

Especies similares
En cuanto a su coloración y morfología externa, solo dos taxones atlánticos se parecen a Goniodoridella picoensis: Okenia sp.1 del libro de Valdés et al. (2006: p.126) muestra un espécimen recolectado en Flamingo Bay, Islas Vírgenes (Bahamas) que comparte el mismo número y distribución de papilas laterales y mediodorsales. También Okenia miramarae Ortea y Espinosa, 2000, descrita en base a dos especímenes recolectados en Miramar, La Habana (Cuba) con el color de fondo del cuerpo blanco con las puntas de las laminillas, rinóforos y branquias de color naranja claro y una mancha rosa violácea detrás de las branquias, también con papilas laterales extraordinariamente grandes a cada lado de la branquia, que exceden la longitud de la cola cuando el animal se mueve. G. picoensis tiene estas papilas bastante largas, pero nunca tan largas como las descritas para O. miramarae. G. picoensis tiene rinóforos laminados y no tiene tubérculos como O. miramarae. Recientemente, O.miramarae fue citada en Taliarte, Gran Canaria, Islas Canarias, en base a dos fotografías (Moro et al., 2016: p.21, pl.7) pero sin especímenes recolectados que sospechamos que pertenecen a G. picoensis, pero se necesitan más estudios anatómicos y moleculares de nuevos especímenes de Canarias para aclarar este asunto.

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Bibliografía basada en los trabajos de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 y Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, con actualizaciones posteriores procedentes de otras fuentes.

Más información

• El Litoral de Granada
• GBIF - Global Biodiversity Information Facility
• World Register of Marine Species

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