Guía de Opistobranquios Nudibranchia Aeolidioidea Dondice occidentalis

Dondice occidentalis

Dondice occidentalis (Engel, 1925)

Dondice occidentalis @ Key Largo, Florida (USA) por Manuel Malaquias

Información taxonómica WoRMS

Nombre aceptado actual: Dondice occidentalis (H. Engel, 1925)

Clasificación actual

Superdomain	Biota
Kingdom	Animalia
Phylum	Mollusca
Class	Gastropoda
Subclass	Heterobranchia
Infraclass	Euthyneura
Subterclass	Ringipleura
Superorder	Nudipleura
Order	Nudibranchia
Suborder	Aeolidina
Superfamily	Aeolidioidea
Family	Myrrhinidae
Genus	Dondice
Species	Dondice occidentalis (H. Engel, 1925)

Nota taxonómica: El Dr. Philippe Bouchet (publicado en Furfaro & Mariottini, 2021) señaló que el género Nanuca Er. Marcus, 1957 tenía prioridad sobre el género Dondice Er. Marcus, 1958. En consecuencia, las especies de este clado deberían clasificarse bajo Nanuca como nuevas combinaciones. Sin embargo, García-Méndez et al. (2022) evaluaron la sistemática de Dondice mediante un análisis filogenético molecular de diversos representantes de Myrrhinidae. Sus resultados mostraron que tanto Dondice como Nanuca son géneros monofiléticos y válidos, presentando varias características morfológicas diagnósticas que permiten diferenciarlos. También llevaron a cabo un enfoque taxonómico integrador centrado en Dondice occidentalis (Engel, 1925) y Dondice parguerensis Brandon & Cutress, 1985 en el Atlántico occidental, incluyendo un rango geográfico y morfológico más amplio de especímenes. Demostraron que D. occidentalis constituye un complejo de seis especies pseudocrípticas con distribuciones geográficas restringidas en el Atlántico occidental, y que D. parguerensis es una especie distinta y válida. Dondice occidentalis sensu stricto se reconoce como la especie del género con mayor variabilidad morfológica, mientras que las cinco nuevas especies, Dondice arianeae, Dondice freddiemercuryi, Dondice juansanchezi, Dondice jupiteriensis y Dondice caboensis, exhiben patrones morfológicos consistentes, en concordancia con su diferenciación molecular. El estudio de García-Méndez et al. (2022) aumentó el número de especies conocidas de Dondice de cuatro a nueve y destacó la importancia de abordar la biodiversidad marina dentro de un marco integrador.

Sinónimos

Caloria occidentalis Engel, 1925
Nanuca occidentalis (Engel, 1925)

Descripción
Dondice occidentalis es un nudibranquio esbelto y alargado cuyo cuerpo se estrecha hacia el extremo posterior. Su cuerpo es translúcido con una única línea dorsal media cuyo color varía según la localidad: blanco opaco en especímenes de Jamaica, blanco opaco grueso en especímenes de las Bahamas y azul claro en especímenes de Panamá. La longitud máxima registrada del cuerpo es de 50 mm. La cabeza presenta una única línea naranja media entre los rinóforos, con posible pigmentación amarillenta en los bordes y dos líneas laterales azul brillante entre los tentáculos orales y los rinóforos (García-Méndez et al., 2022). Los ceratas son numerosos, largos y de forma fusiforme, dispuestos en cinco a siete grupos a lo largo de cada lado dorsolateral desde detrás de los tentáculos orales hasta el extremo posterior. Disminuyen en tamaño y número hacia la parte posterior. Los ceratas son de color gris translúcido, a menudo con grandes bandas azules o blancas que cubren los dos tercios superiores de cada cerata. En los especímenes de Jamaica y las Bahamas, presentan anillos subapicales de color naranja oscuro, mientras que en los de Panamá exhiben bandas blanquecinas amarillentas (García-Méndez et al., 2022). Los rinóforos son lisos en la base, con un clavo anillado por cinco a nueve anillos. Pasan de ser translúcidos en la base a blancos opacos o amarillentos en las puntas. Los tentáculos orales son largos y estrechos, translúcidos con puntas blancas opacas, y a veces presentan pigmentación azul en la base o a lo largo de toda su extensión, con bandas amarillentas en las puntas en algunos individuos (García-Méndez et al., 2022). El pie es translúcido, con una línea azul claro o manchas azules dispersas, y su extremo posterior es de un azul brillante. Las esquinas anteriores del pie son cortas, afiladas y curvadas. La apertura reproductiva se encuentra en la porción anterior derecha del cuerpo, entre el primer y el segundo grupo de ceratas, mientras que la abertura anal es dorsolateral, adyacente al segundo grupo de ceratas (García-Méndez et al., 2022).

Esquema sobre los patrones de color del dorso y cerata de las especies de Dondice del Atlántico Occidental: a-f Dondice occidentalis (Engel, 1925); a-b Espécimen de Jamaica; c-d Espécimen de Bahamas; e-f Espécimen de Panama; g-h Dondice parguerensis Brandon & Cutress, 1985; i-j Dondice freddiemercuryi; k-l Dondice juansanchezi; m-n Dondice arianeae; o-p Dondice caboensis; q-r Dondice jupiteriensis. Extraído de García-Méndez et al (2022).

Rasgos diferenciales externos de las especies de Dondice del Atlántico Occidental. Extraído de García-Méndez et al (2022).

Biología
Dondice occidentalis se encuentra comúnmente en praderas de pastos marinos, algas e hidroides en áreas someras con parches arenosos. Se alimenta principalmente de hidroides, con informes previos que documentan su consumo de Eudendrium Ehrenberg, 1834, y briozoos del género Amathia Lamouroux, 1812 (McDonald & Nybakken, 1997). Sin embargo, se necesita más investigación para confirmar su dieta, particularmente en los especímenes identificados como D. occidentalis (sensu stricto) (García-Méndez et al., 2022). La estrategia reproductiva de esta especie sigue siendo incierta, con informes contradictorios sobre su desarrollo larval. Clark & Goetzfried (1978) describieron a D. occidentalis como una especie de desarrollo planctotrófico, mientras que Brandon & Cutress (1985) argumentaron que presenta un desarrollo lecitotrófico. Estos últimos sugirieron que esta característica podría diferenciar a D. occidentalis de D. parguerensis. Se requieren más estudios para aclarar si el modo de desarrollo es un rasgo diagnóstico para esta especie (García-Méndez et al., 2022).

Etimología

Occidentalis, del Latín “occidentalis”, occidental, por donde se pone el Sol.

Distribución
Dondice occidentalis se encuentra en Jamaica (localidad tipo) (Engel, 1925), las Bahamas (Gonzalez et al., 2013; Malaquias, 2014) y Panamá (Goodheart et al., 2016). Otros registros sugieren posibles apariciones en Venezuela (Grune Loffler et al., 2014), el Banco de Campeche en el Golfo de México (Ortigosa et al., 2015) y Carolina del Sur (Eyster, 1980). Los análisis moleculares sugieren que los especímenes de Florida y Brasil previamente identificados como D. occidentalis representan especies distintas, lo que refuerza la necesidad de un enfoque taxonómico integrador (García-Méndez et al., 2022). El Catálogo Actualizado de Babosas Marinas de Canarias indica que la cita de Ortea et al (2000) de Dondice occidentalis para las islas Canarias es errónea.

Citas georeferenciadas conocidas de la especie: Dondice occidentalis

Fonts:

	OBIS
	GROC 2010-2011
	Enric Madrenas
	João Pedro Silva
	Bernard Picton
	GBIF

	OPK
	VIMAR
	Manuel Ballesteros
	M@re Nostrum
	Altres fonts
	Marine Regions

Abundancia

Mediterráneo occidental:	☆☆☆☆☆
Mediterráneo oriental:	☆☆☆☆☆
Océano Atlántico:	★☆☆☆☆

Mes

Esta gráfica muestra la probabilidad de observación mensual de Dondice occidentalis basada en nuestros propios registros.

Otras fotos

Dondice occidentalis @ Lake Worth Lagoon, West Palm Beach, Florida 26-08-2007

Variacions cromàtiques de Dondice occidentalis i semblants

Bibliografía

1246567 Dondice occidentalis 1 eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad 50 creator asc 1 18489 https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/

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Pontes, Miquel (2025) "Dondice occidentalis" en OPK-Opistobranquis. Publicado: 22/02/2015. Accedido: 27/07/2026. Disponible en (https://opistobranquis.info/es/?p=18489)

Dondice occidentalis