Guía de Opistobranquios Doridida Doridoidei Polyceroidea Polycerella emertoni

Polycerella emertoni

Polycerella emertoni A.E.Verrill, 1880

Polycerella emertoni @ Delta de l'Ebre por Manuel Ballesteros

Información taxonómica WoRMS

Nombre aceptado actual: Polycerella emertoni A. E. Verrill, 1880

Clasificación actual

Superdomain	Biota
Kingdom	Animalia
Phylum	Mollusca
Class	Gastropoda
Subclass	Heterobranchia
Infraclass	Euthyneura
Subterclass	Ringipleura
Superorder	Nudipleura
Order	Doridida
Infraorder	Doridoidei
Superfamily	Polyceroidea
Family	Polyceridae
Subfamily	Polycerinae
Genus	Polycerella
Species	Polycerella emertoni A. E. Verrill, 1880

Sinónimos

Polycerella comyna Marcus Er., 1957
Polycerella conyna Er. Marcus, 1957
Polycerella davenportii Balch, 1899
Polycerella recondita Schmekel, 1965

Descripción
Cuerpo tan alto como ancho, con una longitud máxima observada de 5-6 mm aproximadamente, aunque la mayoría de los animales miden 3-4 mm. El cuerpo es translúcido con toques amarillentos brillantes y con pequeños puntos marrones oscuros o verdosos diseminados por todo el cuerpo. Esta coloración hace que los animales sean muy crípticos sobre el briozoo que del que se alimentan. La parte anterior de la cabeza es redondeada, sin prolongaciones alargadas pero en ocasiones con pequeñas verrugas. Los rinóforos son lisos (no están laminados) y son contráctiles. Hay tres pequeñas branquias bipinnadas situadas en la mitad del dorso, siendo la central más grande. Detrás de la branquia central se encuentra la papila anal. Al dorso se pueden observar algunas papilas cónicas, las más desarrolladas son las posteriores, en particular un par de papilas simétricas situadas por detrás de las branquias. El pie forma anteriormente un par de pequeñas prolongaciones triangulares. Moro et al. (2017) proporcionan buenas fotografías y dibujos de la especie.

Biología
Esta especie vive en el Mediterráneo y Atlántico oriental sobre briozoos blandos como Amathia verticillata, hasta hace poco identificado como Zoobotryon verticillatum (Waeschenbach et al., 2015), donde por su pequeño tamaño, su forma y coloración es perfectamente críptica. En las costas atlánticas occidentales se ha citado viviendo encima y alimentándose de los briozoos Amathia gracilis (hasta hace poco conocido como Bowerbankia gracilis), Amathia distans y Bugula neritina (Clark, 1975; Valdés et al. 2006). Los animales efectúan la puesta sobre el mismo briozoo, su forma es cilíndrica y un poco curvada, tiene un tamaño de unos 3 mm y contiene unos 100 huevos; cada uno de ellos se encuentra dentro de una cápsula de unas 100 micras (García-Gómez & Bobo, 1986) mientras que los huevos miden entre 45 y 60 micras (Schmekel & Portmann, 1982). En el laboratorio se ha podido observar que los animales cuando son molestados se encogen formando una bola (datos originales de los autores). Franz & Clark (1972) proporcionan interesante información sobre la sistemática, biología reproductora y zoogeografía de la especie.

Etimología

Polycerella. Diminutivo de Polycera.
Polycera, deriva del griego Polys, mucho y Keras, cuerno
Emertoni, en honor de James Henry Emerton (1847-1930), aracnólogo norteamericano al que se han dedicado diversas especies de copépodos, poliquetos y gastrópodos.

Distribución
Polycerella emertoni fue descrita originalmente para la costa atlántica de América del Norte (Verrill, 1980). Desde entonces se ha citado en diferentes zonas del Atlántico occidental como Cuba (Moro et al., 2017), Venezuela y Brasil (Tamsouri et al., 2014), como de las costas atlánticas orientales, Ghana (Edmunds, 1977 ), Canarias (Moro et al., 2017) y la Península Ibérica, donde se conoce de Portugal y la costa gaditana (Cervera et al., 2004). En el Mediterráneo se observó por primera vez en 1964 en el Lago Fusaro (Italia) (Schmekel, 1965) y después se ha citado en Malta, las costas griegas y Túnez (Tamsouri et al., 2014). En las costas catalanas fue citada por primera vez en las Cuevas de Cala Maset, en Sant Feliu de Guíxols (GROC, 2017). En el Delta del Ebro se ha encontrado recientemente una abundante población de P. emertoni viviendo sobre las colonias de Amathia verticillata que crecen a muy poca profundidad sobre pilones de madera o de hierro o incluso sobre las conchas de las nacras (Pinna nobilis). Sobre las colonias de briozoos se encontraron también numerosas puestas de huevos durante el mes de agosto de 2018. Es posible que la amplia distribución de la especie se deba principalmente a la distribución, casi cosmopolita en aguas templadas y cálidas, de los briozoos que son su sustrato y alimento. P. emertoni es considerada en algunas publicaciones (Zenetos et al., 2004) como especie invasora en el Mediterráneo más que como una especie de distribución anfiatlántica.

Citas georeferenciadas conocidas de la especie: Polycerella emertoni

Fonts:

	OBIS
	GROC 2010-2011
	Enric Madrenas
	João Pedro Silva
	Bernard Picton
	GBIF

	OPK
	VIMAR
	Manuel Ballesteros
	M@re Nostrum
	Altres fonts
	Marine Regions

Abundancia

Mediterráneo occidental:	★☆☆☆☆
Mediterráneo oriental:	☆☆☆☆☆
Océano Atlántico:	★☆☆☆☆

Mes

Esta gráfica muestra la probabilidad de observación mensual de Polycerella emertoni basada en nuestros propios registros.

Videos

Polycerella emertoni sobre Amathia verticillata, por Judith Camps © 2018

Otras fotos

Polycerella emertoni 3mm @ Qajjenza, Malta 1m depth 18-08-1993

Polycerella emertoni 3mm dorsal view @ Qajjenza, Malta 1m depth 18-08-1993 by Carmel Sammut

Polycerella emertoni 3mm ventral view @ Qajjenza, Malta 1m depth 18-08-1993 by Carmel Sammut

Polycerella emertoni @ Badia dels Alfacs, Spain 2018-08-22 by Judith Camps

Polycerella emertoni with spawn @ Badia dels Alfacs, Spain 2018-08-22 by Judith Camps

Polycerella emertoni in defensive position @ Badia dels Alfacs, Spain 2018-08-22 by Judith Camps

Polycerella emertoni @ Badia dels Alfacs, Spain 2018-08-22 by Judith Camps

Polycerella emertoni spawn @ Badia dels Alfacs, Spain 2018-08-22 by Judith Camps

Polycerella emertoni @ Badia dels Alfacs, Spain 2018-08-22 by Judith Camps

Polycerella emertoni @ Etang de Thau, France by Pascal Girard

Polycerella emertoni with egg-spawn on Amathia verticillata @ Etang de Thau, France by Pascal Girard

Polycerella emertoni on Amathia verticillata @ Etang de Thau, France by Pascal Girard

Polycerella emertoni with spawn on Amathia verticilata @ France by Pascal Girard

Polycerella emertoni @ Ebro delta by Manuel Ballesteros

Polycerella emertoni @ Ebro delta by Miquel Pontes

Polycerella emertoni on Amathia verticillata @ Ebro delta by Miquel Pontes

Polycerella emertoni @ Ebro delta by Manuel Ballesteros

Bibliografía

1246567 Polycerella emertoni 1 eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad 50 creator asc 1 14197 https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/

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Camps, Judith; Manuel Ballesteros; Enric Madrenas; Miquel Pontes (2025) "Polycerella emertoni" en OPK-Opistobranquis. Publicado: 11/09/2014. Accedido: 27/07/2026. Disponible en (https://opistobranquis.info/es/?p=14197)

Polycerella emertoni