Los dendronotáceos tienen el cuerpo largo y estrecho y poseen una hilera de procesos ramificados o tuberculados a cada lado del cuerpo, en posición dorsolateral. Los rinóforos pueden ser lisos o tener laminillas pero siempre están rodeados en su base por una vaina elevada dentro de la que pueden retraerse. La cabeza puede diferenciar expansiones laterales redondeadas o bien un velo frontal con varias digitaciones. El ano y los orificios genitales se encuentran a la derecha del cuerpo.
Doto rosea 3mm por Enric Madrenas
Se alimentan principalmente de cnidarios, como colonias de hidrozoos, corales blandos y gorgonias. Las especies de la familia Tethydidae, en cambio, suelen comer pequeños crustáceos como anfípodos, copépodos, isópodos y ostrácodos; dentro de esta familia, la especie de gran talla Tethys fimbria tiene un espectro alimentario más amplio ya que se ha citado que se alimenta además de pequeños equinodermos, gasterópodos, poliquetos y pequeños peces. Son la mayoría bentónicos pero algunas especies pueden nadar mediante movimientos ondulantes del cuerpo; las especies de la familia Phylliroidae son pelágicas y se alimentan de medusas o sifonóforos.
Clasificación
Wägele & Willan (2000) concluyeron que los Dendronotida (incluidos Tritonioidea y Dendronotoidea) son monofiléticos, pero Martin et al. (2009, 2010) y Goodheart (2017) obtuvieron resultados diferentes. Ya Healy & Willan (1991) identificaron amplias variaciones en la morfología de los espermatozoides que cuestionaron su monofilia.
Aunque la familia Dotidae ha sido excluida sistemáticamente de los Dendronotida en los análisis morfocladísticos (Wägele y Willan, 2000), Doto y Hancockia se agrupan con Dendronotus y Scyllaea en la filogenia molecular de Mahguib & Valdés (2015), lo que respalda la restitución de Doto como grupo hermano de Melibe y Dendronotus (Goodheart, 2017).
La relación de Hancockiidae con otros Cladobranchia no estaba clara en los enfoques morfocladísticos (Martin et al., 2009) y multilocus (Pola y Gosliner, 2010). Han sido incluidos en Dendronotoidea por Bouchet et al. (2017) basándose en el árbol filogenético de Mahguib & Valdés (2015). De manera similar, la relación de Tethys con los otros Cladobranchia tampoco estaba clara en la filogenia multilocus de Pola y Gosliner (2010), pero resultó ser un grupo hermano de Dendronotus en el estudio filogenómico de Goodheart et al. (2015) y Goodheart (2017).
La clasificación actual de los Dendronotáceos según lo propuesto por Bouchet et al. (2017) y aceptado en WoRMS es:
Dendronotoidea Allman, 1845
- Bornellidae Bergh, 1874
- Dendronotidae Allman, 1845
- Cabangus Korshunova, Bakken, Grøtan, K. B. Johnson, Lundin & Martynov, 2020
- Dendronotus Alder & Hancock, 1845
- Pseudobornella Baba, 1932
- Dotidae Gray, 1853
- Caecinella Bergh, 1870
- Doto Oken, 1815
- Kabeiro Shipman & Gosliner, 2015
- Miesea Er. Marcus, 1961
- Hancockiidae MacFarland, 1923
- Lomanotidae Bergh, 1890
- Phylliroidae Menke, 1830
- Cephalopyge Hanel, 1905
- Phylliroe F. Péron & Lesueur, 1810
- Scyllaeidae Alder & Hancock, 1855
- Crosslandia Eliot, 1902
- Notobryon Odhner, 1936
- Scyllaea Linnaeus, 1758
- Tethydidae Rafinesque, 1815
- Melibe Rang, 1829
- Tethys Linnaeus, 1767
Especies de Dendronotáceos citadas en el Mediterráneo o en la Península Ibérica:
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Bouchet, P., Rocroi, J. P., Hausdorf, B., Kaim, A., Kano, Y., Nützel, A., Parkhaev, P. et al. (2017). Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia, 61(1-2), 1-526.
Bibliografía basada en los trabajos de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 y Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, con actualizaciones posteriores procedentes de otras fuentes.
