Guía de Opistobranquios Doridida Doridoidei Polyceroidea Plocamopherus maderae

Plocamopherus maderae

Plocamopherus maderae (Lowe, 1842)

Plocamopherus maderae @ La Laja, Gran Canaria por Mario Matute

Información taxonómica WoRMS

Nombre aceptado actual: Plocamopherus maderae (R. T. Lowe, 1842)

Clasificación actual

Superdomain	Biota
Kingdom	Animalia
Phylum	Mollusca
Class	Gastropoda
Subclass	Heterobranchia
Infraclass	Euthyneura
Subterclass	Ringipleura
Superorder	Nudipleura
Order	Doridida
Infraorder	Doridoidei
Superfamily	Polyceroidea
Family	Polyceridae
Subfamily	Triophinae
Genus	Plocamopherus
Species	Plocamopherus maderae (R. T. Lowe, 1842)

Sinónimos

Peplidia maderae Lowe, 1842

Descripción
Se trata de un espectacular nudibranquio que puede alcanzar un tamaño de más de 50 mm de longitud. La descripción morfológica inicial de la especie, la describe como un nudibranquio de color naranja o amarillo-anaranjado, con numerosas pequeñas manchas de color marrón oscuro a todo lo largo del cuerpo y de manera menos definida, manchas parcheadas de color naranja. En individuos jóvenes, la coloración es amarilla translúcida con manchas de color marrón rojizo, similar al patrón cromático de Thecacera pennigera (Ortea et al., 1996). El velo cefálico dispone de 6-8 cortas digitaciones ramificadas. Los rinóforos son similares en color al cuerpo, tienen laminillas en su mitad superior y un tallo basal cónico. El borde del manto tiene tres pares de papilas ramificadas, dos situadas delante de la branquia y el tercero justo detrás de ella; estas papilas tienen pigmento blanco o ligeramente rosado que también puede aparecer en los flancos del cuerpo y en la cola. La cola es robusta, larga y aplanada, y tiene una quilla dorsal a modo de aleta que el animal utiliza para la natación. Las branquias son grandes, del mismo color que el cuerpo, poco ramificadas y se mantienen erguidas.

Biología
Esta especie tiene capacidad de natación, utilizando para ello la cola y flexionando también lateralmente el cuerpo (Newcomb et al, 2012). Este nudibranquio normalmente es nocturno, escondiéndose debajo de rocas en aguas poco profundas durante el día (Lowe, 1842; Eliot, 1906; Ortea et al,, 1992; Palomar et al., 2014). La característica más relevante de esta especie es su bioluminiscencia. A lo largo de la línea media posterior, desde el límite posterior del borde del manto hasta la punta de la cola, posee una línea fosforescente que emite flashes de luz cuando el individuo es perturbado o se aleja nadando. Los bordes de las branquias poseen el mismo efecto, al igual que las papilas laterales, que emiten una potente luminiscencia intermitente cuando el individuo es molestado. Esta bioluminiscencia es intrínseca, lo que significa que la producción de luz depende de los propios procesos bioquímicos del animal, sin asociación simbiótica con bacterias. Otra especie bioluminiscente es Kaloplocamus ramosus, cuya reacción química de bioluminiscencia tiene lugar dentro de las células luminiscentes o fotóforos (luminiscencia intracelular), mientras que en la especie Plocamopherus maderae, la reacción química de productos químicos luminiscentes, se produce fuera de las células (luminiscencia extracelular) (Vallés et al., 2006). La explicación más coherente para este proceso de bioluminiscencia que ocurre sólo cuando son molestados, es según Wilbur y Yonge (1966), para distraer temporalmente la atención de los depredadores potenciales. Sin embargo, en observaciones personales, la bioluminiscencia se observa a menudo en inmersiones nocturnas en individuos que a priori no están siendo perturbados, por lo que puede que sea un mecanismo de comunicación entre individuos de la misma especie con fines reproductores. La puesta es una cinta enrollada en una espiral de hasta 5 vueltas con huevos de color naranja (Medslugs).

Etimología

Plocamopherus. Del Griego “plokamos”, trenza de cabello + “-pherus”, del Latín “fero”, sufijo que significa “que tiene”, “que produce”, “que rinde”, “que contiene”, “que lleva”.
Maderae, de Madeira.

Distribución
Esta especie fue descrita por primera vez en Madeira, y únicamente se había registrado en las Islas Canarias (Cervera et al, 2004) y en Cabo Verde (Eliot, 1906), por lo que se pensaba que su distribución se circunscribia a la unidad biogeográfica conocida como Región Macaronésica, pero registros recientes en Ibiza y Granada (España) y en Córcega indican que la especie podría estar introduciéndose en el Mediterráneo.

Citas georeferenciadas conocidas de la especie: Plocamopherus maderae

Fonts:

	OBIS
	GROC 2010-2011
	Enric Madrenas
	João Pedro Silva
	Bernard Picton
	GBIF

	OPK
	VIMAR
	Manuel Ballesteros
	M@re Nostrum
	Altres fonts
	Marine Regions

Abundancia

Mediterráneo occidental:	★☆☆☆☆
Mediterráneo oriental:	☆☆☆☆☆
Océano Atlántico:	★★☆☆☆

Mes

Esta gráfica muestra la probabilidad de observación mensual de Plocamopherus maderae basada en nuestros propios registros.

Videos

Otras fotos

Plocamopherus maderae by Bernard Picton

Plocamopherus maderae @ Gran Canaria by Aketza Herrero

Plocamopherus maderae @ Lanzarote 24-04-2015 by Sue Chamberlain

Plocamopherus maderae @ Gran Canaria by Pablo Samper

Plocamopherus maderae @ Tufia, Gran Canaria by Pablo Samper

Plocamopherus maderae @ Gran Canaria by Jose Juan Calderín Peñate

Plocamopherus maderae @ La Laja, Gran Canaria by Mario Matute

Plocamopherus maderae @ Cala Olivera, Eivissa, Spain by Joan Pereyra

Plocamopherus maderae @ Granada by Luis Sánchez Tocino

Bibliografía

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Herrero, A., Ballesteros, M., Madrenas, E. & Pontes, M. (2025) "Plocamopherus maderae" en OPK-Opistobranquis. Publicado: 06/12/2014. Accedido: 27/07/2026. Disponible en (https://opistobranquis.info/es/?p=16992)

Plocamopherus maderae