Atalodoris pictoni

Atalodoris pictoni  (Furfaro & Trainito, 2017)

Atalodoris pictoni @ Costa Brava, Spain por Enric Madrenas

Nota taxonómica Esta especie, de reciente descripción, se ha identificado en repetidas ocasiones como Onchidoris pusilla (Alder & Hancock, 1845) por lo similar de su morfología: cuerpo marrón oscuro debido a puntuaciones del mismo color y rinóforos completamente blancos. Sin embargo, las hojas branquiales en K. pictoni son de color marrón igual que el cuerpo, en contraste con la branquia blanca de la descripción original y las demás citas reales de O. pusilla. Hallas & Gosliner (2015) reorganizan la sistemática de la familia Onchidorididae Gray, 1827 y reúnen las especies con diente raquídeo de Onchidoris y Adalaria en el género Onchidoris Blainville, 1816, que tiene prioridad sobre Adalaria Bergh, 1878, a la vez que proponen un género nuevo Knoutsodonta (especie tipo Knoutsodonta jannae (Millen, 1987)) para agrupar al resto de especies sin diente medio en la rádula. Sin embargo, dichos autores no tienen en cuenta la existencia del género Atalodoris Iredale & O’Donoghue, 1923 (especie tipo Doris pusilla Alder & Hancock. 1945) propuesto a partir de una especie tipo sin diente medio raquídeo, por lo que Knoutsodonta es un nombre innecesario y todas las especies de “Onchidoris” sin diente medio en la rádula, serían especies de Atalodoris. Furfaro & Trainito (2017) describen Knoutsodonta pictoni y publican una tabla comparativa de las quince especies que consideran propias de este género, de las cuales 6 son especies que viven en el Mediterráneo (K. pictoni, K. albonigra, K. bouvieri, K. depressa, K. neapolitana i K. sparsa), unos taxones que Ortea (2021) propone transferir al género Atalodoris..

Descripción
Los animales pueden medir hasta 13 mm de longitud, aunque generalmente no suelen superar un tamaño de 9-10 mm. Cuerpo de contorno casi circular y de color pardo muy oscuro, formado por manchitas casi continuas del mismo color. Hay manchas blanquecinas cerca del borde del manto. Por transparencia y debajo del manto se aprecia la típica espiculación del género. El dorso tiene tubérculos elevados ligeramente cónicos y bien espaciados. Los tubérculos del borde del manto son más pequeños. Los tubérculos tienen blanquecina la base y pardo el ápice. Los rinóforos son completamente blancos y retráctiles; poseen laminillas rudimentarias, hasta 10 en los ejemplares mayores. La vaina rinofórica no es elevada y dispone de dos grandes tubérculos, uno antero-interno y otro lateral. La branquia está formada por hasta 9-10 hojas bipinnadas en los ejemplares más grandes; las hojas branquiales están dispuestas en círculo alrededor del ano, no son retráctiles, son semitransparentes pero tienen numerosas puntuaciones pardas que les hacen adquirir un color oscuro. El círculo intrabranquial tiene tres tubérculos, dos anteriores y uno posterior, que cierra el círculo de hojas branquiales. El pie es blanquecino pero tiene a la lupa binocular diminutas manchas pardo-rojizas, además de una mancha pardo-rojiza debida a las vísceras. También hay manchitas pardas en el flanco del cuerpo  y en la parte dorsal del pie. La boca está en el centro de una especie de velo oral que se ensancha lateralmente.

Biología
Ejemplares de esta especie eran conocidos en diferentes puntos de la Costa Brava catalana desde el año 1992 pero habían sido asignados erróneamente a la especie Onchidoris pusilla. Vive bajo piedras y casi siempre sobre colonias de briozoos incrustantes como Reptadeonella violacea (ver Furfaro & Trainito, 2017) en el que suele pasar desapercibida debido a su color similar. Las zonas de la colonia del briozoo que han sido depredadas por los animales aparecen blanquecinas. La puesta, que suele estar depositada encima de la colonia del briozoo, tiene forma de cordón semitransparente enrollado en una espiral circular plana de hasta 7 vueltas colocadas muy apretadamente, hay numerosos huevos de color blanco. Se ha podido comprobar cómo dos animales pueden depositar una puesta compleja en que una espiral de huevos queda encerrada completamente dentro de la otra. Las puestas suelen efectuarse en el mes de abril y mayo.

Etimología

• Atalodoris, de  “atalo”, juvenil, y “Doris”, nombre de una ninfa marina.
• Pictoni. En honor a Bernard Picton, eminente especialista británico en opistobranquios del Atlántico del Norte.

Distribución
A. pictoni tiene una distribución atlanto-mediterránea y sólo se ha localizado hasta el momento en las costas escocesas y de Irlanda y en el Mediterráneo central y occidental (ver Furfaro & Trainito (2017). En la Península Ibérica sólo hay citas fiables de la especie en la costa de Granada y en numerosas localidades de Cataluña, en la Costa Brava desde Port Lligat hasta Lloret de Mar, y en Llavaneres, costa del Maresme (Ballesteros et al. 2016), en todos estos casos citada como O. pusilla o como Knoutsodonta sp.

Otras fotos

Bibliografía

1246567 Atalodoris pictoni 1 eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad 50 creator asc 1 19913 https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Furfaro, G., Trainito, E. (2017). A new species from the Mediterranean Sea and North-Eastern Atlantic Ocean: Knoutsodonta pictoni n. sp. (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia, Nudibranchia). Biodiversity Journal, 8(2), 725-738.
Furfaro, G., Trainito, E., Fantin, M., D’Elia, M., Madrenas, E., Mariottini, P. (2022). Mediterranean Matters: Revision of the Family Onchidorididae (Mollusca, Nudibranchia) with the Description of a New Genus and a New Species. Diversity, 15, 1-38. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15010038
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Bibliografía basada en los trabajos de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 y Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, con actualizaciones posteriores procedentes de otras fuentes.

Más información

• El Litoral de Granada
• Flickr pictures
• Furfaro & Trainito (2017) Original description
• Grup de Recerca d'Opistobranquis de Catalunya
• Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
• Scottish Nudibranchs
• Word Register of Marine Species

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