Chelidonura hirundinina

Chelidonura ‘hirundinina’ (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833)

Chelidonura 'hirundinina' @ Canarias, Spain por Mario Matute

Nota taxonómica: Chelidonura hirundinina fue descrita en base a ejemplares colectados en Fouquets, en la isla Mauricio, en la región Indo-Pacífica. Existe una especie muy parecida en el Atlántico Occidental que también ha sido denominada C. ‘hirundinina’ (utilizamos la notación de Zamora-Silva & Malaquias (2018)), que es la que mostramos aquí. En los primeros tiempos, las diferencias en el patrón de coloración se consideraban suficientes como para clasificarlas como especies diferentes. Los análisis moleculares llevados a cabo por Zamora-Silva & Malaquias (2018) indican que, aunque genéticamente son parecidas, forman dos grupos diferentes.

Sinónimos

• Bulla hirundinina Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 (original)
• Chelidonura adamsi Angas, 1867
• Chelidonura philinopsis Eliot, 1903
• Hirundinella hirundinina Gray, 1847

Descripción
Este cefalaspideo es de pequeño tamaño, el cuerpo puede llegar a unos 4 cm de longitud, de forma generalmente alargada y que se ensancha a la altura de la cabeza. El color dominante de esta especie es el negro con líneas naranja y azules más o menos gruesas, que incluso pueden verse reducidas a series de puntos. Una marca en forma de “T” de color azul, blanco o amarillo en la parte frontal de la cabeza ayuda a distinguir esta especie de otras Chelidonura. Los ejemplares procedentes del Atlántico Occidental (denominados C. ‘hirundinina’) se diferencian de la especie del Indopacífico porque el cuerpo del animal es de color naranja con líneas azules bordeadas de negro, a veces con una mancha blanca en forma de media luna bordeada de negro ubicada en la parte posterior del dorso, justo antes de la cola. Tiene una delgada concha calcárea interna (debajo del manto) en la parte posterior del cuerpo que mide aproximadamente 2 mm de diámetro y tiene estrías de crecimiento bien marcadas. Tiene una cola bífida parecida a la cola de una golondrina (característica que da nombre al género) pero con la parte izquierda más desarrollada que la derecha. Como todos los Aglajidae, los costados del cuerpo están ensanchados formando parapodios que aparecen doblados cubriendo el dorso del animal. En la parte anterior de la cabeza, la boca está rodeada de pelos sensoriales, más prominentes que en otras especies de Aglajidae. Carece de rádula pero tiene un bulbo muscular oral muy rígido que actúa como una bomba de succión.

Biología
Es una especie diurna. Su alimentación era un misterio hasta hace relativamente poco (1998) pero ahora se sabe que se alimenta de determinadas especies de planarias a las que detecta por el rastro de moco que dejan al desplazarse y, cuando entra en contacto con su presa, la absorbe. Puede alimentarse de otros cefalaspideos. Una interesante publicación de Anne DuPont en Sea Slug Forum muestra dos ejemplares reproduciéndose sobre la arena en un encuentro que duró unos 9 minutos. Si se siente amenazada puede secretar una sustancia amarilla ictiotóxica.

Etimología

• Chelidonura: del griego [chelidon] = golondrina y [oura] = cola, debido a su cola característica.
• Hirundinina: del latín [hirundo] = golondrina.

Distribución
Chelidonura hirundinina fue descrita en base a ejemplares colectados en Fouquets, en la isla Mauricio, se encuentra en las zonas tropicales de la región Indo-Pacífica (incluidas las islas de Mayotte, Reunión y Nueva Caledonia). Existe una especie muy parecida en el Atlántico Occidental (Mar Caribe, Golfo de México, Florida, Bahamas, etc.) que también ha sido denominada C. ‘hirundinina’ (utilizamos la notación de Zamora-Silva & Malaquias (2018)), que es la que mostramos aquí. Los análisis moleculares llevados a cabo por Zamora-Silva & Malaquias (2018) indican que, aunque genéticamente son parecidas, forman dos grupos diferentes. En 2024 se ha detectado la presencia de C. ‘hirundinina’ en las islas Canarias.

Otras fotos

Bibliografía

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Bibliografía basada en los trabajos de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 y Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, con actualizaciones posteriores procedentes de otras fuentes.

Más información

• DORIS
• Flickr
• GBIF
• iNaturalist
• Sea Slugs Forum
• Sea Slugs Guadeloupe
• World Register of Marine Species

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