Phidiana lynceus

Phidiana lynceus  Bergh, 1867

• Phidiana brevicauda Engel, 1925
• Phidiana selencae Bergh, 1879

Descripción
Cuerpo alargado de hasta 30mm de longitud, presenta una gran variabilidad cromática, lo que ha inducido a multitud de errores de identificación de especies que, posteriormente, han tenido que ser sinonimizadas con la descripción original de Rudolph Bergh. Algunas descripciones indican que tiene el dorso de color naranja, con una raya azulada que recorre la parte media del dorso y con los costados anaranjados, otras describen el cuerpo de color oscuro, incluso verdoso, pero la librea más común consiste en el cuerpo de color gris traslúcido con una línea dorsal característica, estrecha y blanca, que se bifurca entre los rinóforos y continúa hasta los tentáculos orales y otra línea blanca, también característica, que recorre los costados del cuerpo por debajo de los cerata. La parte frontal del pie es prominente y ligeramente redondeada. Los cerata son alargados, de color café y con el extremo de color blanco. Los tentáculos orales son relativamente largos y poseen una pigmentación naranja en la parte interior, como rodeando la boca. Los rinóforos son anillados, tienen una base translúcida, una banda más o menos definida de color anaranjado y el extremo de color amarillento. La coloración de la cabeza, los tentáculos orales y los rinóforos es muy variable, lo que ha causado cierta confusión en la taxonomía.

Biología
Se alimenta de pólipos de hidrarios como Myrionema amboinense (puede verse como el animal se alimenta de ellos en el vídeo inferior), una especie de la que se sabe que alberga algas zooxantella en sus tejidos. Se cree que Phidiana lynceus separa las zooxantelas fotosintéticas y los nematocistos urticantes del hidrario antes de digerirlo. Ambos tipos de células separadas se mantienen activas en los tejidos del nudibranquio: las zooxantelas realizan la fotosíntesis y complementan la nutrición del animal, mientras que los nematocistos migran hasta los extremos de los cerata, donde se almacenan en las puntas blancas de los mismos (los cnidocistos), para colaborar en la defensa contra los posibles predadores. Con todo, se ha observado que en los ejemplares en cautividad se producen casos de ataque y canibalismo, pues a falta de hidrarios, se alimenta de otros ejemplares de su misma especie, un comportamiento que parece ser bastante común entre los eolidáceos de mayor tamaño (Marcus, 1955: 471; Lance, 1962: 159; Edmunds, 1964: 18).

Etimología

• Lynceus, del Latín “lyncea”, lince.

Distribución
Phidiana lynceus es habitual en aguas someras, en manglares, hábitats rocosos y arrecifes. Ha sido citada tanto en las costas occidentales como orientales del Océano Atlántico: en el este ha sido citada en las costas de Ghana y en las Islas Canarias (García-García et al., 2008; Skoglund, 2002) mientras que en el oeste ha sido citada en Florida, México (costa Este del Yucatán), Costa Rica, Colombia, Venezuela, Bahamas, Jamaica, Islas Vírgenes, San Martín, Guadalupe, Martinica, Santa Lucía, San Vicente y las Granadinas, Barbados, Curaçao, Aruba, Bonaire y Brasil (Rio de Janeiro y en la costa de São Paulo) en los trabajos de (García-García et al., 2008; Keen, 1971; Sanvicente-Añorve et al., 2012; Skoglund, 2002; Valdés et al., 2006). Hay algunas citas de esta especie en el Océano Pacífico, en las costas de Panamá (Bertsch, 1979; Keen, 1971; Skoglund, 2002) y en Galápagos (James, 2013).

Citas georeferenciadas conocidas de la especie: Phidiana lynceus

Fonts:
OBIS GROC 2010-2011 Enric Madrenas João Pedro Silva Bernard Picton GBIF	OPK VIMAR Manuel Ballesteros M@re Nostrum Altres fonts Marine Regions

Videos

‘The Lynx Nudibranch’ from Coral Morphologic on Vimeo.

Otras fotos

Phydiana lynceus @ Veril de Taliarte (Gran Canaria) 4-03-2016 by José Juan Calderín Peñate

Phydiana lynceus @ Veril de Taliarte (Gran Canaria) 4-03-2016 by Jose Juan Calderín Peñate

Phydiana lynceus @ Playa de las Canteras, Gran Canaria by Alberto Navarro

Phidiana lynceus @ Lake Worth Lagoon, Florida

Phidiana lynceus @ Lake Worth Lagoon, Florida 3-06-2012 by Anne Dupont

Phidiana lynceus @ Gran Canaria by Sabina López

Phidiana lynceus @ Gran Canaria by Sabina López

Phidiana lynceus @ Gran Canaria by Mario Matute

Phidiana lynceus @ Gran Canaria by Mario Matute

1246567 Phidiana lynceus 1 eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad 50 creator asc 1 21516 https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Bibliografía basada en los trabajos de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 y Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, con actualizaciones posteriores procedentes de otras fuentes.

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