Tritonia callogorgiae

Tritonia callogorgiae  Chimienti, Furfaro & Taviani, 2020

Tritonia callogorgiae por Flavio Oliva

Descripción
Los ejemplares vivos pueden llegar hasta los 120 mm de largo. Tienen el cuerpo delgado con un color de fondo que va del amarillo al naranja rojizo. El cuerpo está recubierto de papilas blancas dispersas desde el velo hasta la cola. El velo oral (o frontal) es una proyección contráctil aplanada caracterizada por seis procesos digitiformes, tres a cada lado. Los rinóforos son retráctiles y está formado por un eje rodeado de ramificaciones blancas unipinnadas, protegidos por una vaina en forma de cáliz con el mismo patrón de color que el cuerpo. Los ejemplares tienen de 4 a 5 branquias alargadas a cada lado del cuerpo, donde pueden estar dispuestas en forma asimétrica. La parte basal de las branquias tiene la misma coloración del cuerpo, con el extremo distal de color blanco translúcido y dividido en dos ramas principales que, a su vez, se dividen en dos o tres ramas más pequeñas, si bien algunas no se ramifican. El pie tiene el mismo patrón de coloración que el cuerpo, es alargado, estrecho y con el extremo posterior apuntado.

Biología
Los Tritoniidae son una familia de nudibranquios que tienen una relación muy particular con determinadas especies de alcionarios o de plumas de mar, de las que se alimentan y sobre las que viven y se reproducen. Unas pocas especies pueden alimentarse de zoantarios. T.callogorgiae es la primera Tritonia mediterránea que vive en aguas profundas y la única asociada a a gorgonia Callogorgia verticillata. Todos los ejemplares observados se encontraron exclusivamente sobre C. verticillata y, además, el análisis de los contenidos estomacales reveló la presencia de numerosos escleritos, fragmentos de ejes apicales y pólipos de C. verticillata parcialmente digeridos. Los ejemplares pueden pasar algún tiempo en el fango a la búsqueda de una nueva colonia para vivir o para encontrar pareja, de ahí que se intuye que un hábitat en buen estado permite garantizar mejor la continuidad de la especie.

Etimología

• Callogorgiae. El nombre específico identifica la asociación de esta nueva especie con la gorgonia Callogorgia verticillata.

Distribución
La localidad tipo es el mar Adriático meridional (mar Mediterráneo), a unas 30 millas de la costa de la ciudad de Bar, en Montenegro. Los ejemplares que han servido para la descripción de la especie se encontraron entre 420 y 426 m de profundidad el 2 de enero de 2013. De todos modos esta especie ya había sido citada antes como Nudibranchia, Tritoniidae el mar Balear (Golfo de León, cañón Sicié) a 261 m de profundidad (Fabri et al., 2013) y en el Mar Tirreno (Golfo de Lamezia) entre 119 y 124 m de profundidad (Bo et al. 2011), pero también como Marionia blainvillea en el Tirreno Meridional (Islas Pontine, montaña submarina Palmarola) entre 194 y 220 m de profundidad (Ingrassia et al., 2015) y el canal de Sicilia, al sur de Malta, en un lugar conocido como Malta Trough (Knittweis et al., 2019). Estos registros se basan en las características morfológicas externas observadas “in vivo” mediante ROV. Se cree que la especie está presente en todo el Mediterráneo, siempre asociada con C. verticillata, y no se puede excluir que su área de distribución incluya también parte del Atlántico Norte, donde también está presente este alcionáceo.

Otras fotos

Bibliografía

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Bo, M., Bavestrello, G., Canese, S., Giusti, M., Angiolillo, M., Cerrano, C., Salvati, E., Greco, S. (2011). Coral assemblage off the Calabrian Coast (South Italy) with new  observations on living colonies of Antipathes dichotoma. Italian Journal of Zoology, 78:2, 231-242. https://doi.org/10.1080/11250001003652619
Chimienti, G., Angeletti, L., Furfaro, G., Canese, S., Taviani, M. (2020). Habitat, morphology and trophism of Tritonia callogorgiae sp. nov., a large nudibranch inhabiting Callogorgia verticillata forests in the Mediterranean Sea. Deep Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2020.103364
Fabri, M. C., Pedel, L., Beuck, L., Galgani, F., Hebbeln, D., Freiwald, A. (2013). Megafauna of vulnerable marine ecosystems in French mediterranean submarine canyons: Spatial distribution and anthropogenic impacts. Deep-Sea Research II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.06.016i
Ingrassia, M., Macelloni, L., Bosman, A., Chiocci, F. L., Cerrano, C., Martorelli, E. (2015). Black coral (Anthozoa, Antipatharia) forest near the western Pontine Islands (Tyrrhenian Sea). Marine Biodiversity 46: 285-290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-015-0315-y
Knittweis, L., Evans, J., Aguilar, R., Álvarez, H., Borg, J. A., García, S., Schembri, P. J. (2019). Recent Discoveries of Extensive Cold-Water Coral Assemblages in Maltese Waters. Mediterranean Cold-Water Corals: Past, Present and Future, Coral Reefs of the World,. Springer Nature
Bibliografía basada en los trabajos de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 y Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, con actualizaciones posteriores procedentes de otras fuentes.

Más información

• Chimienti, Angeletti, GiuliaFurfaro, Canese & Taviani (2020)
• Giovanni Chimienti @ Facebook
• Jadranska Malakološka Grupa (Facebook)

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