Elysia evelinae

Elysia evelinae Er. Marcus, 1957

Descripción
El cuerpo es corto (hasta 8 mm de longitud) y ancho, con una cabeza redondeada y un pie estrecho. La coloración varía de un crema pálido a gris parduzco, con numerosas manchas rojas y blancas opacas que cubren la cabeza y, en algunos casos, se extienden por el cuerpo. Los parapodios son cortos, gruesos y ligeramente ondulados, con márgenes densamente pigmentados. El pericardio es grande y redondeado y, a diferencia de algunas especies afines, no está cubierto por los parapodios. Los rinóforos son cortos, anchos y de color crema pálido. La parte posterior de la cabeza presenta una pigmentación distintiva de color marrón oscuro o negro. Los ojos son conspicuos, negros, y cada uno está atravesado por una línea longitudinal oscura que se extiende desde la base de los rinóforos hasta el borde anterior de los parapodios. El pie es estrecho (0,4–0,5 mm de ancho) y presenta glándulas pedias bien desarrolladas a lo largo de toda la suela. El ano se localiza en el lado derecho del cuerpo, en la base de la cabeza. Una característica distintiva de esta especie es una marca circular negra que rodea la papila anal. Los ángulos del pie son ligeramente prominentes. Se observa un surco transversal en la zona ventral, a la altura del inicio de los parapodios. La cola es corta y cónica.

Biología
Elysia evelinae habita en entornos costeros someros. Se ha encontrado entre algas en la zona supralitoral y está comúnmente asociada con algas del género Dictyota. Gracias a la intensa pigmentación de los márgenes parapodiales, el animal está bien camuflado en su entorno. Esta especie se alimenta succionando diatomeas bentónicas formadoras de cadenas del género Biddulphia. También consume diatomeas epifíticas presentes en algas como Bryopsis y Caulerpa, especialmente en áreas sombreadas. Su estrategia de alimentación consiste en la extrusión del bulbo faríngeo para ingerir células de diatomeas, que luego perfora y vacía a un ritmo de 5–10 células por minuto. Ninguna otra especie de Elysia conocida muestra este tipo de alimentación. Como todos los sacoglosos, Elysia evelinae es un hermafrodita simultáneo. La cópula ocurre mediante la inserción del pene en la abertura femenina. Su desarrollo larvario es lecitotrófico, con larvas véligers que eclosionan tras aproximadamente 12 días a 20 °C. Algunas larvas experimentan la metamorfosis mientras están aún en la cápsula, mientras que otras eclosionan como véligers nadadoras antes de fijarse al substrato.

Etimología

• Elysia. Es un nombre femenino de origen latino, derivado de Elysium, término mitológico que hace referencia al hogar de los bienaventurados, conocido como los “Campos Elíseos”. El nombre Elysia también significa “juramento de Dios” en hebreo. Frieder Sauer menciona que Elysia significa “celestial”.
• Evelinae. Los autores clásicos, incluidos los Marcus, no solían explicar el origen de los epítetos específicos que propusieron. Sin embargo, en este caso, es muy probable que se trate de un homenaje a Eveline du Bois-Reymond Marcus (1901–1990), zoóloga especializada en babosas marinas y esposa del autor. Eveline colaboró con Ernst Marcus en el estudio de diversos grupos de invertebrados, incluyendo protozoos, ctenóforos, platelmintos, nemertinos, anélidos, tardígrados, onicóforos, briozoos, gasterópodos y picnogónidos. En sus primeros trabajos conjuntos no se la mencionó como autora, para asegurar el puesto académico de Ernst como profesor titular y porque nunca aceptó un empleo remunerado. Tras la muerte de su esposo en 1968, Eveline Marcus continuó sus investigaciones, publicando unos 30 artículos, en su mayoría sobre babosas marinas.

Distribución
Descrita originalmente en Brasil (Er. Marcus 1957; Garcia et al. 2008), Elysia evelinae también ha sido registrada en Costa Rica (Espinosa y Ortea 2001) y Florida, EE.UU. (Ev. Marcus y Er. Marcus 1960, 1967; Jensen y Clark 1983; Clark 1994). Martín-Hervás et al. (2023) la reportaron en Cap Ferret, Francia (Atlántico nororiental) y Roses, España (Mar Mediterráneo), mientras que Pascal Girard la encontró cerca de Marsella, Francia, también en el Mediterráneo. Esto sugiere que la especie tiene una distribución anfiatlántica, mientras que la morfológicamente similar Elysia viridis se encuentra restringida al Atlántico nororiental y el Mediterráneo.

Citas georeferenciadas conocidas de la especie: Elysia evelinae

Fonts:
OBIS GROC 2010-2011 Enric Madrenas João Pedro Silva Bernard Picton GBIF	OPK VIMAR Manuel Ballesteros M@re Nostrum Altres fonts Marine Regions

Otras fotos

Elysia evelinae @ Marseille, France by Pascal Girard

1246567 Elysia evelinae 1 eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad 50 creator asc 1 46285 https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Jensen, K. R. (2007). Biogeography of the Sacoglossa (Mollusca, Opisthobranchia). Bonner Zoologische Beiträge, 55(3-4), 255-281.
Jiménez, L. M., Simões, N., Yáñez-Arenas, C. (2021). Where is the genus Elysia in the western Atlantic? Potential distribution, species richness and representation in marine protected areas. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 87, eyab003. https://doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eyab003
Krug, P. J., Vendetti, J. E., Valdés, Á. (2016). Molecular and morphological systematics of Elysia Risso, 1818 (Heterobranchia: Sacoglossa) from the Caribbean region. Zootaxa 4148 (1). https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4148.1.1
Marcus, Er. (1957). On opisthobranchia from Brazil 2. Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Zoology) 43(292): 390-486. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1957.tb01559.x
Martín-Hervás, M. R., Carmona, L., Jensen, K. R., Krug, P. J., Vitale, F., Cervera, J. L. (2024). A global phylogeny of Elysia Risso, 1818 (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia): molecular systematic insights focusing on European taxa and description of a new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 200(3), 670-689. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad086
Bibliografía basada en los trabajos de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 y Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, con actualizaciones posteriores procedentes de otras fuentes.

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