Inicio Guía de Opistobranquios Sacoglossa Plakobranchoidea Elysia margaritae

Elysia margaritae

Elysia margaritae De Fez, 1962

Elysia margaritae Fez, 1962 @ Salento, Italy por Fabio Vitale

Información taxonómica WoRMS

Nombre aceptado actual: Elysia margaritae Fez, 1962

Clasificación actual

SuperdomainBiota
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumMollusca
ClassGastropoda
SubclassHeterobranchia
InfraclassEuthyneura
SubterclassTectipleura
SuperorderSacoglossa
SuperfamilyPlakobranchoidea
FamilyPlakobranchidae
GenusElysia
SpeciesElysia margaritae Fez, 1962

Clasificación proporcionada por el World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). [182791]

Nota Taxonómica: Esta es una rara especie de sacogloso cuya identidad taxonómica ha sido cuestionada debido a la falta de observaciones confirmadas desde su descripción original. Sin embargo, la localidad tipo de Elysia margaritae (puerto de Valencia, costa este de España) ha sido fuertemente modificada por impactos antropogénicos desde que De Fez (1962) encontró tres especímenes grandes de esta especie. Los tres especímenes de E. margaritae reportados por Martín-Hervás et al. (2024) fueron recolectados en Lecce, al sureste de Italia, y coincidían con la descripción original de De Fez (1962), pero con ligeras diferencias en la morfología radular: De Fez identificó dientes radulares con un borde cortante inferior liso en el espécimen diseccionado, pero en contraste, Martín-Hervás et al. (2024) utilizaron microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM) y observaron finos y pequeños dentículos a lo largo del borde, que probablemente pasaron desapercibidos en las observaciones originales con lupa binocular. Los especímenes recientemente recolectados fueron secuenciados y se agruparon filogenéticamente con otro espécimen de GenBank previamente identificado como Elysia translucens (voucher #845), recolectado en Banyuls-sur-Mer, Francia (Christa et al., 2014). Estos análisis recientes, tanto moleculares como morfológicos, confirman la separación de E. margaritae con respecto a Elysia gordanae por una divergencia del 14,2 % en el gen COI (Martín-Hervás et al., 2024), pese a la sinonimización previa por parte de Ortea et al. (1997; 2017). Las características clave que diferencian a E. margaritae incluyen bordes parapodiales lisos, un cuerpo de color verde brillante con pequeñas manchas azul claro y diferencias en la morfología radular.

Descripción
Cuerpo relativamente largo y ancho, afinándose ligeramente hacia el extremo posterior, con una longitud máxima registrada de 15 mm (Martín-Hervás et al., 2024), y 40mm (De Fez, 1962). Su coloración es verdosa, con pequeñas manchas azul claro dispuestas de manera irregular en los lados interno y externo de los parapodios y en la cabeza. También pueden estar presentes algunos puntos blancos dispersos en la cabeza y los lados de los parapodios. Los parapodios son grandes, extendiéndose hasta el extremo posterior del cuerpo y presentando bordes ondulados. Los rinóforos son relativamente largos, enrollados y truncados en el extremo, y comparten la coloración verde uniforme del cuerpo. Los ojos son pequeños y están situados detrás de los rinóforos. La prominencia renopericárdica dorsal es redondeada, con dos “vasos” que irradian desde cada lado y se ramifican de forma irregular por la cara interna de cada parapodio. La suela del pie es ligeramente más estrecha que el cuerpo, de coloración más clara que el dorso, y se estrecha hasta un extremo posterior redondeado.

Biología
Elysia margaritae habita en zonas infralitorales a profundidades de hasta 15 metros. Ha sido registrada en diversas localizaciones costeras de Italia y Francia, aunque sigue siendo una especie extremadamente rara. Como sacogloso, se presume que E. margaritae practica cleptoplastia, alimentándose de especies de algas específicas y reteniendo los cloroplastos funcionales dentro del cuerpo para la fotosíntesis. Sin embargo, sus preferencias dietéticas exactas aún no han sido documentadas. Se sabe poco sobre su biología reproductiva. Como otras especies de Elysia, es hermafrodita, participando en copulación recíproca y depositando masas de huevos en sustratos de algas.

Especies Similares

  • Elysia gordanae. Presenta pústulas blancas conspicuas en los bordes parapodiales y en los costados, ausentes en el borde parapodial liso de E. margaritae. Los adultos de E. gordanae suelen medir menos de 10 mm, mientras que E. margaritae ha alcanzado un tamaño máximo registrado de 40 mm, aunque los especímenes recientemente encontrados en Italia midieron 15 mm. La coloración general del cuerpo de E. gordanae es verde translúcido con motas superficiales iridiscentes de color rojo, blanco y azul, que a veces le confieren un aspecto anaranjado. En cambio, E. margaritae presenta un color de fondo verde brillante con pequeñas manchas azul claro dispuestas de manera irregular en el lado externo de los parapodios.

Etimología

  • Elysia. Es un nombre femenino de origen latino, derivado de Elysium, término mitológico que hace referencia al hogar de los bienaventurados, conocido como los “Campos Elíseos”. El nombre Elysia también significa “juramento de Dios” en hebreo. Frieder Sauer menciona que Elysia significa “celestial”.
  • Margaritae. En honor de Margarita Ibáñez, quien obtuvo muchos especímenes para la colección del autor (De Fez, 1962).

Distribución
Elysia margaritae se conoce únicamente en el mar Mediterráneo, con registros confirmados en Valencia, España (De Fez, 1962; localidad tipo), Banyuls-sur-Mer, Francia (Christa et al., 2014, como Elysia translucens), y múltiples sitios a lo largo de las costas occidental y oriental de la Puglia, Italia (Furfaro et al., 2020; Martín-Hervás et al., 2024). Los otros registros atlánticos  y mediterráneos corresponden a otras especies, debido a la incorrecta sinonimización de Ortea et al (1997, 2017) con Elysia gordanae.

Citas georeferenciadas conocidas de la especie: Elysia margaritae
Fonts:
OBIS
GROC 2010-2011
Enric Madrenas
João Pedro Silva
Bernard Picton
GBIF
OPK
VIMAR
Manuel Ballesteros
M@re Nostrum
Altres fonts
Marine Regions

Abundancia

Mediterráneo occidental: ★☆☆☆☆
Mediterráneo oriental: ☆☆☆☆☆
Océano Atlántico: ☆☆☆☆☆
Mes

Esta gráfica muestra la probabilidad de observación mensual de Elysia margaritae basada en nuestros propios registros.

Otras fotos

Elysia margaritae Fez, 1962 @ Salento, Italy by Fabio Vitale
Elysia margaritae @ Port of Valencia, Spain. Drawing by Siro de Fez (1974)

Bibliografía

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    Bibliografía basada en los trabajos de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 y Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, con actualizaciones posteriores procedentes de otras fuentes.

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Pontes, Miquel (2025) "Elysia margaritae" en OPK-Opistobranquis. Publicado: 22/03/2025. Accedido: 27/07/2026. Disponible en (https://opistobranquis.info/es/?p=46319)