Tergipes tergipes (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775)
Información taxonómica WoRMS
Nombre aceptado actual: Tergipes tergipes (Forsskål, 1775)
Clasificación actual
| Superdomain | Biota |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Mollusca |
| Class | Gastropoda |
| Subclass | Heterobranchia |
| Infraclass | Euthyneura |
| Subterclass | Ringipleura |
| Superorder | Nudipleura |
| Order | Nudibranchia |
| Suborder | Aeolidina |
| Superfamily | Fionoidea |
| Family | Tergipedidae |
| Genus | Tergipes |
| Species | Tergipes tergipes (Forsskål, 1775) |
Nota taxonómica: Los análisis filogenéticos realizados por Cella et al. (2016) revelaron que la familia Tergipedidae tradicional es polifilética y pertenece a un clado monofilético mayor que incluye miembros de las familias tradicionales Eubranchidae, Fionidae y Calmidae; este fue un resultado inesperado, ya que la validez de estos taxones y su distinción de los Tergipedidae nunca había sido cuestionada antes. Se propone unir las familias Tergipedidae, Eubranchidae, Calmidae y Fionidae bajo el nombre de Fionidae. Dentro de Fionidae, los resultados obtenidos demostraron la necesidad de desarrollar una nueva clasificación pues las clasificaciones anteriores (por ejemplo, separando Catriona, Cuthona y Trinchesia como taxones distintos) eran inconsistentes con la filogenia resultante. Estos análisis también recuperan un clado (Tenellia) que incluye a todos los miembros de los géneros Tenellia, Trinchesia, Phestilla, Catriona y la mayoría de las especies descritas y no descritas de Cuthona. Se proponen nuevos géneros Rubramoena, Abronica y Tergiposacca para agrupar otras especies. También sugiere que Fionidae es rico en complejos de especies crípticas, difíciles de separar por los caracteres taxonómicos tradicionales, y con una gran diversidad de especies no detectadas previamente.
Pocos meses después Korshunova et al. (2017) retoman el estudio de la filogenia de los Tergipedidae y utilizando no sólo datos moleculares sino también morfológicos y ontogenéticos realizan una crítica severa al trabajo de Cella et al. (2016), proponiendo reinstaurar las familias Calmidae, Eubranchidae, Fionidae, Tergipedidae, Cuthonidae, Cuthonellidae y Trinchesiidae, siendo esta última la más abundante en taxones específicos. También reinstauran los géneros Catriona, Diaphoreolis, Phestilla y Trinchesia que en el trabajo de Cella et al. (2016) habían sido incluidos dentro del género Tenellia. Korshunova et al. describen además un género nuevo, Zelentia que incluye a Z. pustulata (especie tipo Eolis pustulata Alder & Hancock, 1854), a Z. fulgens (MacFarland, 1966) y a una nueva especie del Mar de Barents, Z. ninel, indicando p-distances importantes entre las tres especies (entre 10.49% y 13.83%). Todos los géneros anteriores, Korshunova et al. (2017) los consideran dentro de la familia Trinchesiidae. También cuestionan la validez del género Rubramoena de Cella et al.
La posición de WoRMS es de tipo conservador, manteniendo las familias Cuthonidae, Calmidae, Cuthonellidae, Eubranchidae, Fionidae, Pseodovermidae, Tergipedidae y Trinchesiidae dentro de la superfamilia Fionoidea. Las especies europeas que, hasta hace poco, estaban consideradas como Cuthona, WoRMS las considera dentro del género Trinchesia, como T.albopunctata, T.caerulea, T.foliata, T.genovae, T.granosa, T.ilonae, T.miniostriata y T.ocellata. Rubramoena es también considerado un género válido en WoRMS. Estas opiniones son las que consideramos en OPK mientras no haya otros datos más concluyentes.
- Aeolis neglecta Lovén, 1846
- Eolidia despecta Johnston, 1835
- Limax tergipes Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775 (original)
- Psiloceros claviger Menke, 1844
- Tergipes despectus (Johnston, 1835)
- Tergipes lacinulatus de Blainville, 1824
Descripció
És una espècie de eolidàci molt petit que no sol sobrepassar els 5 mm de longitud i té un cos estret i allargat. La coloració general és blanc-groguenca però el tegument és transparent i això permet observar la majoria de les vísceres, de color crema, des del segon cerata dret fins a gairebé la cua, i també la glàndula digestiva de color verd fosc, en forma de cordó sinuós que recorre gairebé tot el cos i les ramificacions del qual s’introdueixen dins de cada cerata. Els palps orals són curts i translúcids mentre que els rinòfors són molt llargs i fins i estan pigmentats de color marró molt suau en la seva meitat basal. El dors i els costats del cap també té una fina pigmentació marró i són aparents a més dues taques marrons allargades que van en sentit oblic des de la base posterior dels rinòfors fins a la zona d’inserció dels primers cerata; en aquestes taques marrons es localitzen els ulls. La forma i disposició dels cerata és molt característica en aquesta espècie: només hi ha una sèrie de cerata a cada costat del cos, simètriques les dues primeres i alternades a un costat i a l’un altre les altres, estant les de la dreta una mica més avançades que les del costat esquerre. Els cerata són allargats i fins, més estrets a la base, dins d’ells s’aprecia la ramificació de la glàndula digestiva de color verd fosc. L’orifici genital s troba sota i alguna cosa per davant del primer cerata dret. El peu és semitransparent, no forma tentacles propodials a la seva zona anterior i la cua és llarga.
Biologia
Aquest petit eolidàci ha estat observat vivint damunt de diverses espècies de hidrozous tals com Aglaophenia ploma, Bougainvillia ssp., Campanularia sp., Clava multicornis, Gonothyraea loveni, Laomedea flexuosa, L. gelatinosa, L. loveni, Obelia dichotoma, O. longissima, Sertularia sp. i els pòlips de Sarsia eximia. Algunes d’aquestes espècies són epibionts de mol·luscs bivalves com el musclo Mytilus galloprovinialis i podrien constituir el seu aliment. Encara que és una espècie que no s’observa freqüentment, possiblement a causa de la seva petita grandària i al seu mimetisme amb les colònies de hidraris sobre les quals viu, en ocasions s’ha citat com gregària. La posta té forma d’una càpsula transparent d’aspecte reniforme i de 2 mm de longitud que conté uns 150 ous blancs de 80-100 micres de diàmetre.
Distribució
Es tracta d’una espècie que té una àmplia repartició geogràfica a banda i banda de l’Atlàntic i també en el Mediterrani. En l’Atlàntic occidental ha estat citada des de l’Àrtic, illa de Terranova i fins a les costes de New Jersei (USA) i les costes de Brasil. En l’Atlàntic oriental en les costes daneses, holandeses i belgues, a les Illes Britàniques i Irlanda. En la Península Ibèrica ha estat citada a la zona cantàbrica, en la costa portuguesa, en les costes andaluses i llevantines i a Catalunya (única cita a Sitges sobre el hidrari Obelia dichotoma epibiont de petxines de musclos). També ha estat citada en les costes ucraïneses del Mar Negre.
Citas georeferenciadas conocidas de la especie: Tergipes tergipes
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Especies similares
Por su morfología y coloración no se puede confundir con otros eolidáceos.
Abundancia
| Mediterráneo occidental: | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Mediterráneo oriental: | ☆☆☆☆☆ |
| Océano Atlántico: | ★★★☆☆ |
Mes
Esta gráfica muestra la probabilidad de observación mensual de Tergipes tergipes basada en nuestros propios registros.
Vídeos
Altres fotos
Tergipes tergipes
Tergipes tergipes 6mm @ Sgeir Mhor, Skye, Scotland in 12 m by Jim Anderson
Tergipes tergipes @ Grevelingen, Netherlands 11-05-2017 by Stefan Verheyen
Tergipes tergipes @ Netherlands 2-05-2017 by Stefan Verheyen
Tergipes tergipes @ Etang de Thau, France by Pascal Girard
Tergipes tergipes egg development by Allan Rowat
Tergipes tergipes @ France by Pascal Girard
Tergipes tergipes @ France by Pascal Girard
Tergipes tergipes @ Costa Brava, Spain by Manuel Ballesteros
Tergipes tergipes @ Costa Brava, Spain by Manuel Ballesteros
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Tergipes tergipes
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Bibliografía basada en los trabajos de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 y Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, con actualizaciones posteriores procedentes de otras fuentes.
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Más información
- AsturNatura
- Biodiversity Heritage Library
- Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland
- Estran 22 - Faune et flore de la zone de balancement des marées en Côtes d'Armor
- European Sea Slugs by Morddyn
- Flickr pictures
- Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
- MedSlugs (Atl.E)
- MedSlugs (Atl.NE)
- NCBI GenBank
- OBIS - Search by Taxon
- Scottish Nudibranchs
- Sea Slug Forum
- The Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland
- World Register of Marine Species
Citar este artículo como:
Ballesteros, M., Madrenas, E. & Pontes, M. (2025) "Tergipes tergipes" en OPK-Opistobranquis. Publicado: 30/11/2012. Accedido: 27/07/2026. Disponible en (https://opistobranquis.info/es/?p=2527)
