Trinchesia miniostriata

Trinchesia miniostriata (Schmekel, 1968)

Trinchesia miniostriata por Pontes, Miquel

Nota taxonómica: Los análisis filogenéticos realizados por Cella et al. (2016) revelaron que la familia Tergipedidae tradicional es polifilética y pertenece a un clado monofilético mayor que incluye miembros de las familias tradicionales Eubranchidae, Fionidae y Calmidae; este fue un resultado inesperado, ya que la validez de estos taxones y su distinción de los Tergipedidae nunca había sido cuestionada antes. Se propone unir las familias Tergipedidae, Eubranchidae, Calmidae y Fionidae bajo el nombre de Fionidae. Dentro de Fionidae, los resultados obtenidos demostraron la necesidad de desarrollar una nueva clasificación pues las clasificaciones anteriores (por ejemplo, separando Catriona, Cuthona y Trinchesia como taxones distintos) eran inconsistentes con la filogenia resultante. Estos análisis también recuperan un clado (Tenellia) que incluye a todos los miembros de los géneros Tenellia, Trinchesia, Phestilla, Catriona y la mayoría de las especies descritas y no descritas de Cuthona. Se proponen nuevos géneros Rubramoena, Abronica y Tergiposacca para agrupar otras especies. También sugiere que Fionidae es rico en complejos de especies crípticas, difíciles de separar por los caracteres taxonómicos tradicionales, y con una gran diversidad de especies no detectadas previamente.
Pocos meses después Korshunova et al. (2017) retoman el estudio de la filogenia de los Tergipedidae y utilizando no sólo datos moleculares sino también morfológicos y ontogenéticos realizan una crítica severa al trabajo de Cella et al. (2016), proponiendo reinstaurar las familias Calmidae, Eubranchidae, Fionidae, Tergipedidae, Cuthonidae, Cuthonellidae y Trinchesiidae, siendo esta última la más abundante en taxones específicos. También reinstauran los géneros Catriona, Diaphoreolis, Phestilla y Trinchesia que en el trabajo de Cella et al. (2016) habían sido incluidos dentro del género Tenellia. Korshunova et al. describen además un género nuevo, Zelentia que incluye a Z. pustulata (especie tipo Eolis pustulata Alder & Hancock, 1854), a Z. fulgens (MacFarland, 1966) y a una nueva especie del Mar de Barents, Z. ninel, indicando p-distances importantes entre las tres especies (entre 10.49% y 13.83%). Todos los géneros anteriores, Korshunova et al. (2017) los consideran dentro de la familia Trinchesiidae. También cuestionan la validez del género Rubramoena de Cella et al.
La posición de WoRMS es de tipo conservador, manteniendo las familias Cuthonidae, Calmidae, Cuthonellidae, Eubranchidae, Fionidae, Pseodovermidae, Tergipedidae y Trinchesiidae dentro de la superfamilia Fionoidea. Las especies europeas que, hasta hace poco, estaban consideradas como Cuthona, WoRMS las considera dentro del género Trinchesia, como T.albopunctata, T.caerulea, T.foliata, T.genovae, T.granosa, T.ilonae, T.miniostriata y T.ocellata. Rubramoena es también considerado un género válido en WoRMS. Estas opiniones son las que consideramos en OPK mientras no haya otros datos más concluyentes.

Ortea et al. (2001) efectúan la redescripción de Cuthona pallida (Eliot, 1906) gracias a ejemplares recolectados en las islas Canarias y en Cabo Verde. Dado el parecido de esta especie en su morfología, coloración y estructura radular a la especie mediterránea Trinchesia miniostriata (Schmekel, 1968), consideran que ésta última podría ser sinónima de Cuthona pallida.

Sinónimos

• Tenellia miniostriata  (Schmekel, 1968)
• Cuthona miniostriata (Schmekel, 1968)

Descripción
Se trata de un eolidáceo de pequeña talla, ya que los animales no suelen superar los 5 mm de longitud. El cuerpo es de color blanquecino debido a un pigmento blanco opaco que cubre casi todo el cuerpo, incluidos los ceratas. El detalle que identifica claramente a esta especie son las bandas de color rojizo que recorren la zona dorsal de los rinóforos y de los tentáculos orales. En la zona media del rinóforo la banda longitudinal se convierte en un ancho anillo que lo rodea completamente. En la base de los rinóforos, estas bandas rojizas pueden continuar hacia atrás hasta llegar a la base del primer cerata. El extremo de los rinóforos y de los tentáculos orales son blancos y semitransparentes. Los ojos son bien visibles en la base posterior de los rinóforos. Los ceratas son cortos, algo globosos y de extremo redondeado; son de color blanco pero en su base se puede apreciar la glándula digestiva de color pardo o ligeramente rojizo. Hay 5-6 grupos de ceratas bien separados a cada lado del cuerpo y en cada uno de ellas hay sólo de 2 a 4 ceratas. En algunos ejemplares menos pigmentados de blanco se puede observar el cnidosaco en la punta de los ceratas. El pie es estrecho y semitransparente, en su zona anterior está ligeramente ensanchado pero sin formar palpos propodiales.

Biología
Es una especie que vive entre algas con hidrarios epibiontes pero de la que, por su rareza, se conocen muy pocos datos de su biología. Schmekel & Portmann (1982) indican que se alimenta de un hidrozoo atecado del género Bougainvillia. Los mismos autores citan que sus puestas son de forma elipsoidal o reniforme y contienen huevos blanquecinos o ligeramente rosados de unas 80 micras de diámetro.

Etimología

• Trinchesia. En honor del Profesor Salvatore Trinchese (1836-1897), opistobranquiólogo italiano, Profesor de Zoología en la Universidad de Bolonia y sucesor de Paolo Panceri como Profesor de Anatomía Comparada en la Universidad de Nápoles.
• Miniostriata. De “Minio”, deriva del Latín “minium”, polvo rojo y brillante empleado como pigmento en la fabricación del vidrio y como pintura para cubrir piezas de hierro y evitar su oxidación + “Striata”, del Latín “striatus”, estriado, acanalado.

Distribución
Trinchesia miniostriata sólo se conoce del Mediterráneo occidental: se ha citado en Italia (Nápoles y Salento), en Malta, en Francia (Banyuls) y en España (Murcia y Costa Brava).

Especies similares
Dicata odhneri, de color y tamaño similar, pero con los rinóforos y tentáculos orales con los extremos amarillos, sin las líneas rojas detrás los rinóforos y los cerata delgados, no globosos, de color blanco opaco.

Vídeos

 

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Bibliografía

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Bibliografía basada en los trabajos de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 y Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, con actualizaciones posteriores procedentes de otras fuentes.

Más información

• Biodiversity Heritage Library
• CIB - Club Immersio Biologia
• DORIS
• Flickr pictures
• Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
• NCBI GenBank
• OBIS - Search by Taxon
• World Register of Marine Species

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