Cyerce graeca Thompson, 1988
Cyerce graeca @ Punta del Romaní, L'Escala, Spain 6-02-2016 por Enric Madrenas
Taxonomía | Superdomain | Biota |
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Mollusca |
| Class | Gastropoda |
| Subclass | Heterobranchia |
| Infraclass | Euthyneura |
| Subterclass | Tectipleura |
| Superorder | Sacoglossa |
| Superfamily | Plakobranchoidea |
| Family | Hermaeidae |
| Genus | Cyerce |
| Species | Cyerce graeca T. E. Thompson, 1988 |
| |
| Clasificación según Bouchet et al. (2017) Fuente taxonómica: World Register of Marine Species (AphiaID: 140091). |
Descripción
El cuerpo es de color blanco translúcido, coloreado por un patrón característico de color marrón oscuro que esencialmente recubre todo el dorso, excepto la zona alrededor de los ojos, la cabeza, la zona pericárdica, la zona anterior a los rinóforos y los extremos de los mismos, pero la transparencia del resto del cuerpo hace que, a veces, el animal parezca coloreado uniformemente. Las cerata son muy anchas y algo infladas, muy móviles y el animal las autotomiza fácilmente si es molestado, dejando atrás estos órganos que van cambiando de forma durante horas para distraer la atención de los predadores. El animal regenera las cerata perdidas rápidamente. Tanto las superficies dorsales y ventrales de las cerata son de color blanco translúcido, excepto por una fila de digitaciones romas de color marrón en los bordes de los cerata que, en algunos ejemplares, aparece como una línea marrón bordeando el filo de cada cerata, y que falta en las cerata de menor tamaño de la parte anterior del animal. También se observan pequeñas puntuaciones blancas superficiales formando una especie de banda en los extremos de las cerata, que corresponden a glándulas opalescentes, muy probablemente de carácter defensivo. El tubo digestivo de color verde oscuro o marrón casi negro puede verse por transparencia en distintos puntos del cuerpo, tanto dorsal como ventralmente. Todos los tentáculos de la cabeza están enrollados, con los rinóforos bifurcados (característicos de esta familia), de los cuales el superior es de color marrón pero el inferior, así como los tentáculos orales, son de color claro. El margen propodial anterior es bilabiado, y el pie tiene una hendidura mesopodial transversal. El ano se distingue en posición latero-dorsal derecha como una papila de color claro, situada justo delante de la prominencia pericardial. El mayor ejemplar hallado por Thompson medía 11 mm de longitud.
Esta especie tiene cierto parecido con la poco estudiada Cyerce antillensis Engel, 1927, descrita por primera vez en Tobago, en el Caribe, y hallada más tarde en Curaçao y en Florida por Marcus & Marcus (1967, placa 1) bajo el nombre de Cyerce cristallina, en Jamaica por Thompson (1977), y en Bermuda por Clark (1984) y por Jensen & Clark (1986). La forma de los dientes radulares es similar, pero hay diferencias importantes en el patrón de color del cuerpo en los ejemplares vivos, que tienen las extremidades de color marrón pálido y más onduladas y suaves en Cyerce antillensis, comparadas con las extremidades ceratales digitadas y de color marrón oscuro de Cyerce graeca. Marcus & Marcus (1970) intentaron dar criterios anatómicos objetivos para distinguir las dos especies del Caribe, recalcando especialmente la importancia de examinar la faringe, en concreto un órgano muscular laminado unido a la parte trasera de la masa bucal del animal. Este órgano tiene forma bulbosa en Cyerce graeca, y se parece más al de Cyerce antillensis que el ilustrado por los mismos autores para Cyerce cristallina.
Biología
Como todos los sacoglosos, esta especie se alimenta de algas. Se han encontrado ejemplares sobre Flabellia petiolata (Thompson, 1988) y otras algas que crecen sobre substrato duro (Petrusek, 2003) y (Atero, 2015) y también bajo piedras (Pontes, 2016). Esta especie es extremadamente rara de observar por sus excelentes capacidades crípticas con el medio que las rodea. Se ha hallado desde la superficie hasta los 30 metros de profundidad.
Etimología
- Cyerce, de significado incierto, parece relacionado con la mitología griega. Los autores clásicos como Bergh rara vez explicaban el origen de los nombres propuestos, aunque solían basarse en la mitología griega y romana.
- Graeca. Del Latín «graecus», Griego, de Grecia.
Distribución
La descripción original de Thompson se basó en 3 especímenes de unos 11mm recolectados en Grecia (Saronis, 28/07/1982; Kilini (localidad tipo), 3/06/1986 y Lagonisi, 17/06/1986). Posteriormente se hallaron más ejemplares cerca de Sumartin, Brac Island, Croacia (Adam Petrusek, 7/09/2003, Sea Slug Forum) a una profundidad de entre 25 y 30 metros, siempre sobre algas que crecen sobre substratos duros. En Internet se observan también fotos de ejemplares de 5mm en la costa de Antibes, Francia (Gilles Cavignaux, 7/05/2009, Limaces de Rève) y (Paul Henri Adoardi, 1/06/2010, Photo Bio Sous-Marine) retratados a muy poca profundidad. Se ha encontrado algunos ejemplares en la isla de Mallorca (Nando Darder, 04/07/2005, GROC) y (Javier Atero, 15/07/2015, Flickr) que representarían la primera cita para España, el segundo hallado también a poca profundidad. Dos hallazgos más, el primero en la Cala Ventosa, Sant Feliu de Guíxols (Xavier Salvador, 26/08/2015) en menos de un metro de agua y un segundo ejemplar de 20mm en la Punta del Romaní, L’Escala (Miquel Pontes, 6/02/2016) en 12 metros de agua, corresponderían a las primeras citas para Cataluña y para la Península Ibérica. Hay dos únicas citas fuera del Mediterráneo, la primera en Azores (Wirtz & Debelius, 2003 – p.193) como Cyerce antillensis, aunque una observación detallada de la foto publicada sugiere más bien que es Cyerce graeca, pues no se ajusta completamente a la descripción de Cyerce antillensis. La segunda cita (Wirtz, 2005) correspondería a un hallazgo en agua somera (muy pocos cm. de agua) en una piscina natural en Porto Moniz (Madeira).
Abundancia
Mediterráneo occidental: | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Mediterráneo oriental: | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Océano Atlántico: | ★☆☆☆☆ |
MesEsta gráfica muestra la probabilidad de observación mensual de Cyerce graeca basada en nuestros propios registros.
Otras fotos
Cyerce graeca by Gilles Cavignaux
Cyerce graeca
Cyerce graeca (id by Á.Valdés) @ Faial, Azores
Cyerce graeca (id by Á.Valdés) @ Faial, Azores by Peter Wirtz
Cyerce graeca @ Mallorca 15-07-2015 by Javier Atero
Cyerce graeca @ Mallorca 15-07-2015 by Javier Atero
Cyerce graeca @ Mallorca 15-07-2015 by Javier Atero
Cyerce graeca @ Punta del Romaní, L’Escala, Spain 6-02-2016 by Enric Madrenas
Cyerce graeca @ Punta del Romaní, L’Escala, Spain 6-02-2016 by Enric Madrenas
Cyerce graeca by Enric Madrenas
Bibliografía
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Cyerce graeca
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Bibliografía basada en los trabajos de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 y Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, con actualizaciones posteriores procedentes de otras fuentes.
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Pontes, Miquel, Manuel Ballesteros, Enric Madrenas (2023) "Cyerce graeca" en OPK-Opistobranquis. Publicado: 14/09/2014. Accedido: 02/12/2023. Disponible en (https://opistobranquis.info/es/?p=14401)
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