Coryphella verrucosa

Coryphella verrucosa (M. Sars, 1829)

Coryphella verrucosa @ Norway por Viktor Vasskog Grøtan

Nota taxonómica: La clasificación de los Flabellinidae había permanecido bastante estable hasta que en 2017 aparecieron una serie de trabajos (Furfaro et al. 2017; Korshunova et al. 2017) que pretendían aclarar el estatus de la familia Flabellinidae. El objetivo principal del trabajo de Furfaro et al. era caracterizar molecularmente las especies mediterráneas mientras que el trabajo de Korshunova et al. pretendía ahondar en las relaciones filogenéticas entre diversos miembros de la familia Flabellinidae y las demás familias de los aeolidáceos.
Ambos trabajos se basaban en la combinación de técnicas moleculares y morfologicas y, de hecho, no ofrecen resultados muy distintos, pero sí difieren en el tamaño y procedencia de las muestras estudiadas y, sobre todo, en la interpretación de dichos resultados. Tras la aparición del trabajo de Furfaro et al., muchas especies Mediterráneas de los géneros Calmella, Flabellina y Piseinotecus se agruparon bajo el género común Flabellina, pero tuvieron determinados problemas con algunas especies que no encajaban bien con la clasificación propuesta (p.e. Flabellina babai), descubrieron que las poblaciones mediterránea y atlántica de Flabellina ischitana corresponden en realidad a dos especies cripticas diferentes, y constataron los problemas del grupo críptico Calmella cavolini / Flabellina confusa / Piseinotecus gaditanuspor lo que indicaron la necesidad de nuevos estudios para aclarar su estatus.
Curiosamente estos estudios se estaban llevando prácticamente en paralelo por el grupo de Korshunova et al. pero sobre una muestra de especies mucho más amplia y que comprendía ejemplares del Ártico, Atlántico norte, océano Pacífico e Índico. Este segundo trabajo confirma la polifília de la familia Flabellinidae, pero su forma de interpretar los resultados representa una verdadera revolución para la taxonomía de los aeolidáceos, especialmente para la familia Flabellinidae.
Ambos trabajos observan que hay dos clados (grupos) bien diferenciados de Flabellinidae: el de Coryphella pedata y similares, con cerata que salen directamente del dorso, y el de Flabellina affinis y similares, que tienen los cerata de cada grupo pedunculados. Aunque Furfaro et al. consideran a las especies de ambos clados pertenecientes al género Flabellina dentro de la familia Flabellinidae, Korshunova et al. diferencia dos familias: Coryphellidae y Flabellinidae sensu stricto, creando además multitud de géneros diferentes en estas familias para incluir a las especies que estudian. Su propuesta taxonómica, curiosamente, da respuesta a los problemas hallados por Furfaro et al.
En cierta manera ambos trabajos se complementan, si bien en el trabajo de Korshunova et al. se evidencia la falta de estudios sobre las especies de flabellinidos tropicales y del sur de América y África, por lo que aún no se ha dicho la última palabra. La propuesta de creación de nuevos géneros para reunir pequeños grupos de especies, en vez de géneros multiespecíficos, parece ser la tendencia en algunos de los trabajos filogenéticos de los últimos años. Puede consultarse una discusión detallada de esta apasionante controversia en (https://opistobranquis.info/es/flabellinidae/).

Hay dos variantes o formas de esta especie, una con los ceratas cortos y romos con el extremo de color blanco (que es la descrita inicialmente por M.Sars en 1829) llamada forma “verrucosa”, y otra con los ceratas largos de color rojo, llamada forma “rufibranchialis”. Ambas formas se caracterizan por tener una línea blanca en la parte medio-dorsal de la cola. Las dos formas son “simpátricas” (comparten hábitat y localización), y han sido estudiadas molecularmente por Eriksson et al. (2006) mediante la secuenciación del gen COI que no ha reportado diferencias entre ellas.

Sinónimos

• Aeolidia verrucosa M. Sars, 1829 (original)
• Coryphella mananensis (Stimpson, 1853)
• Coryphella robusta Trinchese, 1874
• Coryphella rufibranchialis (Johnston, 1832)
• Coryphella rufibranchialis cocholata Balch, 1908
• Flabellina verrucosa (Sars M., 1829)
• Eolidia embletoni Johnston, 1835 
• Eolidia verrucosa Sars M., 1829
• Eolis diversa Couthouy, 1839
• Eolis mananensis Stimpson, 1853
• Eolis rufibranchialis Johnston, 1832

Descripción

Biología

Etimología

• Coryphella: Diminutivo del Griego “koryphe”, corona de la cabeza, pico, cima.
• Verrucosa hace referencia a los cerata cortos con apariencia de verruga y diseminados por el dorso.

Distribución

Otras fotos

Bibliografía

1246567 Coryphella verrucosa 1 eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad 50 creator asc 1 16024 https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Bibliografía basada en los trabajos de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 y Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, con actualizaciones posteriores procedentes de otras fuentes.

Más información

• Biodiversity Heritage Library
• DORIS
• European Sea Slugs by Morddyn
• Flickr pictures
• Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
• Medslugs (Atl.NE)
• NCBI GenBank
• OBIS - Search by Taxon
• Scottish Nudibranchs
• The Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland
• The Slug Site
• World Register of Marine Species

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