Limenandra nodosa

Limenandra nodosa (Haefelfinger & Stamm, 1958)

• Baeolidia nodosa (Haefelfinger & Stamm, 1958)

Descripción
Esta especie se caracteriza por tener el cuerpo muy estrecho y alargado, que puede alcanzar una longitud de  25 mm.  El color del cuerpo suele ser verde oliváceo algo opaco aunque algunos ejemplares pueden ser de color blanquecino. Un detalle muy característico es la presencia de manchas circulares a lo largo de todo el dorso del cuerpo desde la zona cefálica; estas manchas están compuestas de círculos concéntricos de diferentes colores, que generalmente son, de fuera hacia dentro, un círculo blanco, uno amarillo, uno rojo y uno blanco en el centro. La cantidad de círculos varía según el tamaño del animal. Hay numerosas puntuaciones blanquecinas por todo el cuerpo, rinóforos y ceratas. Los tentáculos orales son relativamente cortos y robustos y tienen el mismo color que el cuerpo. Los rinóforos son grandes y delgados, poseyendo numerosas protuberancias alargadas y de diferentes tamaños, algunas bifurcadas, más numerosas en la parte posterior del rinóforo. En los ejemplares de mayor tamaño puede haber hasta 14 grupos de ceratas a cada lado del cuerpo, bien separados entre si. El par de ceratas más delantero se encuentra a la altura de los rinóforos. En los grupos más anteriores hay 5-7 ceratas cuyo tamaño disminuye desde los más centrales a los más laterales. Los grupos más posteriores tienen entre 3-4 ceratas mientras que los grupos terminales tienen solo uno. Lo más característico de los ceratas es que son algo aplanados dorso-ventralmente y no son lisos sino que disponen de pequeños tubérculos de diferentes tamaños. El color de los ceratas es el mismo que el resto del cuerpo, pero en algunos ejemplares hay algo de pigmento verde en su superficie y una mancha rosada en la base del cerata. Los ceratas suelen autotomizarse fácilmente y se pueden regenerar después. El pie es estrecho y en su zona anterior diferencia dos cortos tentáculos propodiales separados por un profundo surco central. El orificio anal se encuentra detrás del tercer grupo de ceratas derecho y el gonoporo entre los grupos segundo y tercero, también del lado derecho.

Biología
Los primeros ejemplares mediterráneos, que sirvieron para la descripción de la especie, fueron recolectados en praderas de Posidonia oceanica (Haefelfinger & Stamm, 1958) aunque también se ha citado viviendo en fondos de Cymodocea y Zostera (Schmekel, 1968). Muy pocos detalles se conocen de la biología de esta especie, extremadamente críptica sobre cualquier tipo de substrato. Schmekel (1968) indica que se alimenta de la anémona Bunodeopsis strumosa, que suele vivir sobre hojas de Posidonia oceanica y con la cual guarda un perfecto mimetismo.

Etimología

• Nodosa, del Latín “nodosus”, lleno de nudos.

Distribución
Esta especie, originariamente de ámbito mediterráneo, se ha visto con posterioridad que se distribuye también por el atlántico europeo, en Madeira, Canarias y el Caribe (Er. Marcus and Ev. Marcus 1970; Redfern 2001; Ortea et al., 2001; Valdés et al. 2006; Carmona et al., 2014), tratándose por lo tanto de una especie anfiatlántica. En la Península Ibérica se ha citado en las costas levantinas, en Baleares y en Cataluña (Templado, 1982; Ballesteros & Templado, 1996). En las costas catalanas se ha observado en diferentes localidades de la Costa Brava (Es Caials, L´Escala, Cala Aiguafreda, Sant Feliu de Guixols, Els Ullastres, Cala Margarida, Palamós, Blanes), Mataró y L´Ametlla de Mar.
Se ha comprobado que las citas de L. nodosa de las costas del Pacífico (Gosliner 1980; Camacho-García et al. 2005; Gosliner et al. 2008), se refieren realmente a otra nueva especie, L. confusa, extremadamente críptica con L. nodosa (Carmona et al., 2014). 

Citas georeferenciadas conocidas de la especie: Limenandra nodosa

Fonts:
OBIS GROC 2010-2011 Enric Madrenas João Pedro Silva Bernard Picton GBIF	OPK VIMAR Manuel Ballesteros M@re Nostrum Altres fonts Marine Regions

Especies similares
Por su aspecto, no es posible confundirla con ninguna otra especie.

Videos

Otras fotos

Limenandra nodosa

Limenandra nodosa

Limenandra nodosa

Limenandra nodosa

Limenandra nodosa

Limenandra nodosa

Limenandra nodosa

Limenandra nodosa @ Lake Worth Lagoon, riviera beach, Florida on May 11, 2016 by Ariane Dimitris

Limenandra nodosa @ Lake Worth Lagoon, riviera beach, Florida on May 11, 2016 by Ariane Dimitris

Limenandra nodosa @ Lake Worth Lagoon, riviera beach, Florida on May 11, 2016 by Ariane Dimitris

Limenandra nodosa @ Lake Worth Lagoon, riviera beach, Florida on May 11, 2016 by Ariane Dimitris

Limenandra nodosa @ Lake Worth Lagoon, riviera beach, Florida on May 11, 2016 by Ariane Dimitris (camouflage)

Limenandra nodosa @ Lake Worth Lagoon, riviera beach, Florida on May 11, 2016 by Ariane Dimitris (compass)

Limenandra nodosa @ Lake Worth Lagoon, riviera beach, Florida on May 11, 2016 by Ariane Dimitris

Limenandra nodosa 6mm @ Gran Canaria 6-02-2021 by Sabina López

Limenandra nodosa @ France by Pascal Girard

Limenandra nodosa @ Granada por Luis Sánchez Tocino

Limenandra nodosa @ Granada por Luis Sánchez Tocino

Limenandra nodosa @ Granada por Luis Sánchez Tocino

1246567 Limenandra nodosa 1 eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad 50 creator asc 1 572 https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Templado, J. (1982). Nuevo opistobranquio para la malacofauna ibérica. Actas II Simposio Ibérico sobre Estudios del Bentos Marino 3: 225-254.
Bibliografía basada en los trabajos de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 y Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, con actualizaciones posteriores procedentes de otras fuentes.

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