Inicio Guía de Opistobranquios Doridida Doridoidei Onchidoridoidea Cargoa impexa

Cargoa impexa

Cargoa impexa (Marcus Er., 1957)

Cargoa impexa @ Canarias por Ortea et al., (2009)

Información taxonómica WoRMS

Nombre aceptado actual: Cargoa impexa (Er. Marcus, 1957)

Clasificación actual

SuperdomainBiota
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumMollusca
ClassGastropoda
SubclassHeterobranchia
InfraclassEuthyneura
SubterclassRingipleura
SuperorderNudipleura
OrderDoridida
InfraorderDoridoidei
SuperfamilyOnchidoridoidea
FamilyGoniodorididae
SubfamilyGoniodoridinae
GenusCargoa
SpeciesCargoa impexa (Er. Marcus, 1957)

Clasificación proporcionada por el World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). [1723343]

Nota taxonómica: Goniodorididae es una familia de pequeños nudibranquios dóridos distribuidos por todo el mundo que se alimentan de entoproctos, ascidias y briozoos. Las relaciones evolutivas entre sus taxones han sido inciertas debido a los taxones limitados disponibles para análisis filogenéticos; algunos géneros son parafiléticos. La familia incluye un número notable de géneros sinonimizados en los que la riqueza de especies está distribuida de manera desigual, unos géneros tienen docenas de especies, mientras que otros son monoespecíficos. Algunos clados son muy uniformes morfológicamente mientras que otros se consideran altamente variables. Paz Sedano et al (2024) utilizaron un enfoque de enriquecimiento objetivo de elementos ultraconservados para aumentar la resolución filogenética de la estructura principal en Goniodorididae, y aumentaron la representación de las especies al incluir cuatro marcadores genéticos de 109 especies de las casi 160 especies actualmente válidas. Como resultado, se dilucidaron dos subfamilias y once géneros, y se resucitaron los géneros sinonimizados Bermudella, Cargoa y Ceratodoris. También demostraron que el comportamiento trófico podría haber impulsado la evolución de las especies y la singularidad morfológica de la familia.
Las especies de Cargoa comparten algunos rasgos: la presencia de cuatro papilas delgadas y lineales ubicadas delante de los rinóforos; una o dos papilas lineales adicionales, seguidas de papilas claviformes, con los extremos inflados, que se hacen más grandes hacia la parte posterior; una papila dorsal con la misma forma que las laterales; un color marrón oscuro; y rádula pequeña con alrededor de diez filas de dientes (no más de 20). Aunque no hay evidencia clara de la preferencia de presa de la especie, estos moluscos pueden alimentarse de briozoos ctenostomos sobre los que ha sido citada, incluidas especies de Amathia, Margaretta y Anguinella. Las especies de Cargoa se encuentran en ambas costas del Océano Atlántico y en el Mar Mediterráneo.

Sinónimos

  • Okenia impexa Marcus Er., 1957

Descripción
Se trata de una especie cuyos ejemplares no suelen sobrepasar de 4-5 mm de longitud. El cuerpo es alto y relativamente ancho. La coloración general del cuerpo es blanco hialino, en algunos casos con tonos amarillentos o crema, los órganos internos se ven por transparencia en el centro del cuerpo. Tienen por todo el cuerpo numerosas manchas o puntuaciones de color pardo oscuro que pueden formar una gran mancha en el centro del dorso en algunos ejemplares. La cabeza tiene un velo frontal ligeramente bilobulado con 4 largos y finos procesos tentaculares. Los rinóforos son gruesos y tienen hasta 8 laminillas que se diferencian sólo en la zona dorsal y lateral del rinóforo pero no en la anterior. El margen del dorso posee 6 papilas a cada lado, alargadas y ensanchadas en forma de bulbo cerca del ápice. Las dos últimas papilas de cada lado salen de una base común. También hay una papila impar en el centro del dorso, justo delante de la branquia. Las papilas son algo más claras que el cuerpo. La branquia está formada por 3 hojas unipinnadas que rodean a la papila anal. El pie es ancho y puntiagudo por detrás y la boca posee dos protuberancias redondeadas a cada lado.

Biología
Esta infrecuente especie se ha citado sobre sobre el alga del género Halimeda y coralináceas (Schmekel, 1979), en masas de algas flotantes en el Atlántico y sobre el briozoo Margaretta cereoides, que podría ser su presa (Ortea et al. 2009). La puesta es una masa en forma de habichuela de 3 mm de longitud que contiene unos 500 huevos blancos (Eyster, 1980).

Etimología

  • Cargoa. En honor de David G. Cargo, un colega de los Drs. Vogel y Schultz del Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons Maryland, EE.UU.
  • Impexa. Del Latín “impexus”, despeinado.

Distribución
Cargoa impexa es una especie de nudibranquio anfiatlántico ya que desde su descripción por Ernst Marcus en 1957 para las aguas de Brasil se ha observado en Carolina del Norte, en Cuba, Puerto Rico, Cabo Verde (Valdés & Ortea, 1995) y las Islas Canarias (Ortea et al. 2009). Las citas del mar Mediterráneo (Schmekel, 1979) y otros, probablemente se refieren a la recientemente descrita Cargoa problematica (Pola et al., 2019)

Citas georeferenciadas conocidas de la especie: Cargoa impexa
Fonts:
OBIS
GROC 2010-2011
Enric Madrenas
João Pedro Silva
Bernard Picton
GBIF
OPK
VIMAR
Manuel Ballesteros
M@re Nostrum
Altres fonts
Marine Regions

Abundancia

Mediterráneo occidental: ★☆☆☆☆
Mediterráneo oriental: ☆☆☆☆☆
Océano Atlántico: ★★☆☆☆
Mes

Esta gráfica muestra la probabilidad de observación mensual de Cargoa impexa basada en nuestros propios registros.

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Bibliografía

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    Bibliografía basada en los trabajos de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 y Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, con actualizaciones posteriores procedentes de otras fuentes.

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Pontes, Miquel (2025) "Cargoa impexa" en OPK-Opistobranquis. Publicado: 24/05/2012. Accedido: 27/07/2026. Disponible en (https://opistobranquis.info/es/?p=1152)