Tayuva maculosa

Tayuva maculosa (Bergh, 1884)

Tayuva maculosa @ Costa Brava por Enric Madrenas

Nota taxonómica: La reciente y profunda revisión de los Discodorídidos efectuada por Dayrat (2010), basada en caracteres morfológicos y de anatomía interna puso en evidencia la existencia de especies sinónimas, procedentes de los diferentes mares del mundo, y redujo el número de especies válidas dentro de la familia Discodorididae. Tal fue el caso de Discodoris maculosa, una especie mediterránea bien conocida y que fue incluida en la especie Tayuva lilacina, una especie de muy amplia distribución circumtropical y presente en mares templados como el Mediterráneo. No obstante se daba la circunstancia de que ante nuevos estudios de filogenia molecular se descubriera que Tayuva lilacina fuera más bien un complejo de especies diferentes enmascaradas con una morfología muy similar. Este punto ha sido demostrado por el reciente trabajo de Fernández-Vilert et al (2025) en el que, tras analizar genéticamente diversos ejemplares de Tayuva procedentes de diferentes puntos del mundo, descubrieron cuatro grupos diferentes, proponiendo la transferencia de los ejemplares mediterráneos, que se corresponden con Discodoris maculosa Bergh, 1884 a la nueva combinación Tayuva maculosa, y los ejemplares del Atlántico nororiental, que se corresponden con Discodoris confusa Ballesteros, Llera and Ortea, 1985 resucitan la nueva combinación Tayuva confusa. Fernández-Vilert et al (2025) comentan también que el género Peltodoris forma un clado muy próximo a Tayuva, documentando varios casos de sinonimias previas de especies inicialmente clasificadas como Peltodoris, por lo que proponen obtener más información genómica para estudiar estos grupos y su posible sinonimia.

Sinónimos

• Discodoris maculosa Bergh, 1884
• Diaulula hummelincki (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1963)
• Discodoris hummelincki (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1963)
• Discodoris ketos gila (Er. Marcus & Ev. Marcus, 1970)
• Peltodoris hummelincki Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1963
• Tayuva ketos gila Er. Marcus & Ev. Marcus, 1970

Descripción
Se trata de un doridáceo de tamaño mediano a grande cuyos ejemplares mediterráneos pueden alcanzar los 60 mm de longitud. El cuerpo es muy aplanado y de textura coriácea. La coloración general del dorso es pardo-grisácea con abundantes manchas redondeadas pardo-verduzcas de diferentes tamaños. Todo el dorso está adornado con numerosos y pequeños tubérculos cónicos colocados muy apretadamente. En algunos ejemplares puede verse una especie de línea blanca discontinua medio dorsal que va desde la zona branquial hasta la zona interinofórica, constituida ésta por la alineación de tubérculos blancos. Todo el dorso del animal, incluidos los tubérculos tiene una abundante espiculación interna. Los rinóforos son ligeramente amarillentos, las laminillas pardas y el ápice tiene forma de maza; la vaina rinofórica posee de 12 a 14 pequeños tubérculos en su margen superior. Hay 6 hojas branquiales tripinnadas blanco-amarillentas que rodean a la papila anal; la vaina branquial es poco elevada y tiene el borde superior lobulado. La cara inferior del manto y los flancos del cuerpo tienen abundantes manchas pardo-rojizas de diferentes tamaños. El pie es bastante amplio, de color blanquecino pero con numerosas manchas y puntuaciones pardo-rojizas. La boca dispone de dos cortos palpos orales de color blanco.

Biología
Esta especie se suele localizar a escasa profundidad bajo piedras, desde charcos de marea hasta varios metros de profundidad. En este hábitat, por su coloración y aspecto aplanado, los animales pueden confundirse y pasar desapercibidos como esponjas incrustantes, de las que pueden alimentarse como ocurre con otros discodorídidos. La puesta es una espiral blanquecina de unos 20 mm de diámetro y con huevos de unas 90 micras.

Etimología

• Maculosa. Del latín “maculosa”, punteado, con manchas.

Distribución
Los últimos trabajos genéticos sobre esta especie (Fernández-Vilert et al., 2025) asignan el nombre de Tayuva maculosa a los ejemplares mediterráneos de esta especie, así en la Península Ibérica se ha citado en el Estrecho de Gibraltar, en la costa mediterránea andaluza, en la costa levantina y en Cataluña. En la costa catalana se ha observado en el norte de la Costa Brava (Sant Antoni y Es Caials en Cadaqués y Cap Falco en Roses), entre otros lugares. Los ejemplares citados en el Atlántico, concretamente los de la costa cantábrica y Canarias, se clasifican ahora como Tayuva confusa.

Otras fotos

Bibliografía

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Bibliografía basada en los trabajos de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 y Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, con actualizaciones posteriores procedentes de otras fuentes.

Más información

• Biodiversity Heritage Library
• BiologiaMarina.org
• CIESM Atlas of Exotic Species in the Mediterranean
• El Litoral de Granada
• Flickr pictures
• Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
• MedSlugs (Med)
• NCBI GenBank
• OBIS - Search by Taxon
• Sea Slug Forum
• Sea Slugs of Hawaii
• The SlugSite
• Vibrant Sea
• World Register of Marine Species

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