Tayuva maculosa

Tayuva maculosa (Bergh, 1884)

Tayuva maculosa @ Costa Brava per Enric Madrenas

Nota taxonòmica: La revisió recent i profunda dels Discodorídids efectuada per Dayrat (2010), basada en caràcters morfològics i d’anatomia interna, va posar en evidència l’existència d’espècies sinònimes, procedents dels diferents mars del món, i va reduir el nombre d’espècies vàlides dins de la família Discodorididae. Tal va ser el cas de Discodoris maculosa, una espècie mediterrània ben coneguda i que va ser inclosa a l’espècie Tayuva lilacina, una espècie de molt àmplia distribució circumtropical i present en mars temperats com el Mediterrani. No obstant això, es donava la circumstància que davant de nous estudis de filogènia molecular es descobrís que Tayuva lilacina fos més aviat un complex d’espècies diferents emmascarades amb una morfologia molt similar. Aquest punt ha estat demostrat pel treball recent de Fernández-Vilert et al (2025) en què, després d’analitzar genèticament diversos exemplars de Tayuva procedents de diferents punts del món, van descobrir quatre grups diferents, proposant la transferència dels exemplars mediterranis, que es corresponen amb Discodoris maculosa Bergh, 1884 a la nova combinació Tayuva maculosa, i els exemplars de l’Atlàntic nord-oriental, que es corresponen amb Discodoris confusa Ballesteros, Llera and Ortea, 1985 ressusciten com la nova combinació Tayuva confusa. Fernández-Vilert et al (2025) comenten també que el gènere Peltodoris forma un clade molt proper a Tayuva, documentant diversos casos de sinonímies prèvies d’espècies inicialment classificades com a Peltodoris, per la qual cosa proposen obtenir més informació genòmica per estudiar aquests grups i la seva possible sinonímia.

Sinònims

• Discodoris maculosa Bergh, 1884
• Diaulula hummelincki (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1963)
• Discodoris hummelincki (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1963)
• Discodoris ketos gila (Er. Marcus & Ev. Marcus, 1970)
• Peltodoris hummelincki Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1963
• Tayuva ketos gila Er. Marcus & Ev. Marcus, 1970

Descripció
Es tracta d’un doridaci de grandària mitjana a gran els exemplars mediterranis de la qual poden arribar als 60 mm de longitud. El cos és molt aplanat i de textura coriàcia. La coloració general del dors és marró-grisenca amb abundants taques arrodonides marró-verdoses de diferents grandàries. Tot el dors està adornat amb nombrosos i petits tubercles cònics col·locats molt atapeïdament. En alguns exemplars pot veure’s una espècie de línia blanca discontínua migdorsal que va des de la zona branquial fins a la zona interrinofòrica, constituïda aquesta per l’alineació de tubercles blancs. Tot el dors de l’animal, inclosos els tubercles, té una abundant espiculació interna. Els rinòfors són lleugerament groguencs, les laminetes marrons i l’àpex té forma de maça; la beina rinofòrica posseeix de 12 a 14 petits tubercles en el seu marge superior. Hi ha 6 fulles branquials tripinnades blanc-groguenques que envolten a la papil·la anal; la beina branquial és poc elevada i té la vora superior lobulat. La cara inferior del mantell i els flancs del cos tenen abundants taques de color marró-vermellós de diferents grandàries. El peu és bastant ampli, de color blanquinós però amb nombroses taques i puntuacions marró-vermellós. La boca disposa de dos palps orals curts de color blanc.

Biologia
Aquesta espècie es sol localitzar a escassa profunditat sota pedres, des de tolls de marea fins a diversos metres de profunditat. En aquest hàbitat, per la seva coloració i aspecte aplanat, els animals poden confondre’s i passar desapercebuts com a esponges incrustants, de les quals poden alimentar-se com succeeix amb altres discodorídids. La posta és una espiral blanquinosa d’uns 20 mm de diàmetre i amb ous d’unes 90 micres.

Etimologia

• Maculosa. Del llati “maculosa”, puntejat, amb taques.

Distribució
Els últims treballs genètics sobre aquesta espècie (Fernández-Vilert et al., 2025) assignen el nom de Tayuva maculosa als exemplars mediterranis d’aquesta espècie, per la qual cosa, a la península Ibèrica s’ha citada a l’estret de Gibraltar, a la costa mediterrània andalusa, a la costa llevantina i a Catalunya. A la costa catalana s’ha observat al nord de la Costa Brava (Sant Antoni i Es Caials a Cadaqués i Cap Falco a Roses), entre d’altres llocs. Els espècimens citats a l’Atlàntic nord-oriental, concretament els de la costa cantàbrica i les illes Canàries, actualment es classificarien com a Tayuva confusa.

Altres fotos

Bibliografia

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Bibliografia basada en els treballs de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 i Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, amb actualitzacions posteriors procedents d´altres fonts.

Més informació

• Biodiversity Heritage Library
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• MedSlugs (Med)
• NCBI GenBank
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