Tayuva confusa

Tayuva confusa (Ballesteros, Llera & Ortea, 1985)

Tayuva confusa @ Gran Canaria per Mario Matute

Nota taxonòmica: Ortea, Pérez i Bacallado (1981) van indicar que Discodoris confusa va ser identificada amb l’espècie indopacífica D. fragilis (Alder & Hancock, 1864) per posseir una morfologia externa (coloració, rinòfors, brànquia, ornamentació del mantell, etc) molt semblants i per la paret i la paret la ràdula i l’estructura de l’aparell genital. L’enviament pel Dr. Edmunds d’exemplars de D. fragilis recol·lectats a Tanzània va permetre a Ballesteros et al (1985) comprovar que hi ha algunes diferències anatòmiques internes entre les esmentades espècies. Posteriorment, la profunda revisió dels Discodorídids efectuada per Dayrat (2010), basada en caràcters morfològics i d’anatomia interna, va posar en evidència l’existència d’espècies sinònimes, procedents dels diferents mars del món, i va reduir el nombre d’espècies vàlides dins de la família Discodorididae. Tal va ser el cas de Discodoris maculosa, una espècie mediterrània ben coneguda i que va ser inclosa a l’espècie Tayuva lilacina, una espècie de molt àmplia distribució circumtropical i present en mars temperats com el Mediterrani. No obstant això, es donava la circumstància que davant de nous estudis de filogènia molecular es descobrís que Tayuva lilacina fos més aviat un complex d’espècies diferents emmascarades amb una morfologia molt similar. Aquest punt ha estat demostrat pel treball recent de Fernández-Vilert et al (2025) en què, després d’analitzar genèticament diversos exemplars de Tayuva procedents de diferents punts del món, van descobrir quatre grups diferents, proposant la transferència dels exemplars mediterranis, que es corresponen amb Discodoris maculosa Bergh, 1884 a la nova combinació Tayuva maculosa, i els exemplars de l’Atlàntic nord-oriental, que es corresponen amb Discodoris confusa Ballesteros, Llera and Ortea, 1985 ressusciten com la nova combinació Tayuva confusa. Fernández-Vilert et al (2025) comenten també que el gènere Peltodoris forma un clade molt proper a Tayuva, documentant diversos casos de sinonímies prèvies d’espècies inicialment classificades com a Peltodoris, per la qual cosa proposen obtenir més informació genòmica per estudiar aquests grups i la seva possible sinonímia.

Sinònims

• Discodoris confusa Ballesteros, Llera & Ortea, 1985

Descripció
Aquesta espècie pot assolir fins a 80 mm de longitud quan està completament estesa. El seu cos és aproximadament el doble de llarg que ample. Presenta una coloració general gris clar o crema grisenca, amb taques blanques, brunes, grises o gairebé negres de formes i mides variables, distribuïdes de manera irregular per tot el dors. En la majoria dels exemplars, destaquen tres fileres de taques més fosques situades a banda i banda de la massa visceral i al llarg de la línia mig-dorsal. A la zona ventral, tant el mantell com el peu presenten un patró de taques similar al del dors, encara que amb una densitat variable segons l’individu. Alguns exemplars estan molt pigmentats, amb grans taques fosques als flancs, mentre que altres tenen poques taques. El cap i els llavis de la vora anterior del peu solen mostrar un fi puntejat fosc. El mantell posseeix petits tubercles cònics o globosos allargats, de mida desigual i distribució irregular. Alguns d’aquests tubercles, especialment els situats a la vora del mantell o al llarg de l’eix major del cos, presenten l’àpex pigmentat de blanc. En exemplars vius de menys de 40 mm, els tubercles solen estar acompanyats per un feix d’espícules a la base, sobretot aquells més propers a la vora del mantell. És freqüent trobar tubercles més grans (“tubercles gegants”) que solen estar pigmentats en tons marrons i blancs. La vora del mantell és lleugerament ondulada. La beina rinofòrica és elevada i està coberta de nombrosos tubercles, alguns amb l’àpex blanc. Els rinòfors presenten una base amb un fi puntejat fosc, mentre que les laminetes tenen taques fosques i blanques. En exemplars més grans, la part posterior del raquis sol ser blanca. Vist lateralment, la regió olfactoria del rinòfor té forma triangular, i les laminetes inferiors acaben a la mateixa alçada que el peduncle. La brànquia està composada per sis fulles tripinnades o quadripinnades, amb un raquis semitransparent i grisenc, esquitxat de taques marrons i blanques. Les pínnules presenten una coloració similar, la qual cosa dóna al conjunt un aspecte bru. En extensió, les fulles branquials s’inclinen lleugerament cap enrere i s’agrupen en dos conjunts de tres fulles, ubicats a banda i banda de l’eix major del cos. L’obertura branquial és lleugerament elevada i està coberta de tubercles similars als de les beines rinofòriques, encara que més petites. Durant el desplaçament, el peu no sobresurt per la part posterior del mantell.

Biologia
Es troba des de la zona de marees fins a uns 8 m de profunditat on se suposa que s’alimenta d’esponges. La seva posta és una cinta blanca enrotllada en espiral de 2 a 3 voltes i els ous estan alineats verticalment i tenen un diàmetre de 190 micres (entre 175 i 210 micres). Quan és molestada, autotomitza la vora del mantell fàcilment, ja sigui parcialment o totalment, mentre segreguen gran quantitat de mucus.

Espècies semblants

• Tayuva maculosa Bergh, 1884, és l’espècie més propera a T. confusa i amb la qual pot ser confosa. Tanmateix, T. maculosa té els tubercles del mantell més uniformes i estrets, no presenta autotomia al mantell, la seva bossa copulatriu és blanca i els seus elements de l’armadura labi.
• Taringa oleica i Peltodoris punctifera, espècies que viuen a les illes Canàries, ja que tenen la mateixa coloració, sis fulles branquials, rinòfors similars i cap amb tentacles orals, però se les separa molt fàcilment per la seva anatomia interna, ja que les seves ràdules són molt diferents.

Etimologia

• Confusa. Del llatí “confundi”, confondre, per la confusió que ha existit tradicionalment amb l’espècie Discodoris fragilis

Distribució
És una espècie força freqüent al litoral de les Illes Canàries, també s’ha trobat al litoral nord de la península i a Madeira, habitualment citada com a T.maculosa, encara que després del treball de Fernández-Vilert et al (2025), en què van analitzar genèticament les espècies d’aquest grup críptic de l’Atlàntic nororiental es consideren T. confusa.

Altres fotos

Bibliografia

1246567 Tayuva confusa 1 eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad 50 creator asc 1 46098 https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Bibliografia basada en els treballs de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 i Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, amb actualitzacions posteriors procedents d´altres fonts.

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