The Doridida comprise the holohepatic sea slugs (with a compact digestive gland) and have a gill formed by dendritic gill leaves. They are also generally known under the name of Doridaceans.
Peltodoris atromaculata @ Costa Brava, Spain by Enric Madrenas by Enric Madrenas
These sea slugs are characterized by having an elongated or flattened body where it is easy to differentiate the notum or back from the flanks of the body. The rhinophores could be contractile or they can be completely retracted into the head. The back of the animal can be smooth or it can be adorned with tubercles of different shaped: rounded, conical, digitiform, etc. The species of certain genuses as Jorunna, Taringa or Rostanga have spiculated tubercles that surround it forming a crown and that are known as caryophyllid tubercles.
The gill leaves surround the anal tubercle and are located in the posterior region of the back. Certain groups can contract the gills when they feel threatened (fanerobranchs) or they can fully retract them into the body (cryptobranchs).
Doridida feeding is very specific, they are all carnivores, most feed on sponges but there are some species that feed on bryozoans.
Within Doridida there are two groups with Infraorder category, the Doridoidei, where most species belong, and Bathydoridoidei, with only two genus and very few species of deep, cold waters.
The taxonomy of Doridida proposed by Bouchet et al. (2017) and accepted at WoRMS is:
Doridida
- Bathydoridoidei
- Bathydoridoidea Bergh, 1891
- Bathydorididae Bergh, 1891
- Bathydoris Bergh, 1884
- Prodoris Baranetz & Minichev, 1995
- Bathydorididae Bergh, 1891
- Bathydoridoidea Bergh, 1891
- Doridoidei
- Chromodoridoidea Bergh, 1891
- Actinocyclidae O’Donoghue, 1929
- Actinocyclus Ehrenberg, 1831
- Hallaxa Eliot, 1909
- Cadlinellidae Odhner, 1934
- Cadlinella Thiele, 1931
- Cadlinidae Bergh, 1891
- Aldisa Bergh, 1878
- Cadlina Bergh, 1879
- Inuda Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1967
- Chromodorididae Bergh, 1891
- Chromodoridinae Bergh, 1891
- Ardeadoris Rudman, 1984
- Chromodoris Alder & Hancock, 1855
- Chromolaichma Bertsch, 1977
- Diversidoris Rudman, 1987
- Doriprismatica A. d’Orbigny, 1839
- Felimida Ev. Marcus, 1971
- Glossodoris Ehrenberg, 1831
- Goniobranchus Pease, 1866
- Tyrinna Bergh, 1898
- Verconia Pruvot-Fol, 1931
- Miamirinae Bergh, 1891
- Ceratosoma Gray, 1850
- Felimare Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1967
- Hypselodoris W. Stimpson, 1855
- Mexichromis Bertsch, 1977
- Miamira Bergh, 1874
- Thorunna Bergh, 1878
- Chromodoridinae Bergh, 1891
- Hexabranchidae Bergh, 1891
- Hexabranchus Ehrenberg, 1828
- Showajidaiidae Korshunova, Fletcher, Picton, Lundin, Kashio, N. Sanamyan, K. Sanamyan, Padula, Schrödl & Martynov, 2020
- Showajidaia Korshunova, Fletcher, Picton, Lundin, Kashio, N. Sanamyan, K. Sanamyan, Padula, Schrödl & Martynov, 2020
- Actinocyclidae O’Donoghue, 1929
- Doridoidea Rafinesque, 1815
- Discodorididae Bergh, 1891
- Alloiodoris Bergh, 1904
- Aphelodoris Bergh, 1879
- Aporodoris Ihering, 1886
- Asteronotus Ehrenberg, 1831
- Atagema Gray, 1850
- Avaldesia Donohoo & Gosliner, 2024
- Baptodoris Bergh, 1884
- Carminodoris Bergh, 1889
- Diaulula Bergh, 1878
- Dictyodoris Bergh, 1880
- Discodoris Bergh, 1877
- Gargamella Bergh, 1894
- Geitodoris Bergh, 1891
- Halgerda Bergh, 1880
- Hiatodoris Dayrat, 2010
- Hoplodoris Bergh, 1880
- Jorunna Bergh, 1876
- Nirva Bergh, 1905
- Nophodoris Á. Valdés & Gosliner, 2001
- Otinodoris K. M. White, 1948
- Paradoris Bergh, 1884
- Peltodoris Bergh, 1880
- Peronodoris Bergh, 1904
- Platydoris Bergh, 1877
- Rostanga Bergh, 1879
- Sclerodoris Eliot, 1904
- Sebadoris Er. Marcus & Ev. Marcus, 1960
- Taringa Er. Marcus, 1955
- Tayuva Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1967
- Thordisa Bergh, 1877
- Thorybopus Bouchet, 1977
- Dorididae Rafinesque, 1815
- Archidoris Bergh, 1878
- Artachaea Bergh, 1881
- Austrodoris Odhner, 1926
- Conualevia Collier & Farmer, 1964
- Doriopsis Pease, 1860
- Doris Linnaeus, 1758
- Goslineria Á. Valdés, 2001
- Pharodoris Á. Valdés, 2001
- Discodorididae Bergh, 1891
- Onchidoridoidea Gray, 1827
- Acanthodorididae P. Fischer, 1883
- Acanthodoris J. E. Gray, 1850
- Acanthomiridae Martynov & Korshunova, 2025
- Aegiridae P. Fischer, 1883
- Aegires Lovén, 1844
- Notodoris Bergh, 1875
- Akiodorididae Millen & Martynov, 2005
- Akiodoris Bergh, 1879
- Armodoris Minichev, 1972
- Doridunculus G. O. Sars, 1878
- Echinocorambe Á. Valdés & Bouchet, 1998
- Prodoridunculus Thiele, 1912
- Calycidorididae Roginskaya, 1972
- Calycidoris Abraham, 1876
- Diaphorodoris Iredale & O’Donoghue, 1923
- Corambidae Bergh, 1871
- Corambe Bergh, 1869
- Loy Martynov, 1994
- Goniodorididae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854
- Anculinae Pruvot-Fol, 1954
- Ancula Lovén, 1846
- Trapania Pruvot-Fol, 1931
- Goniodoridinae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854
- Bermudella Odhner, 1941
- Cargoa Vogel & L. P. Schultz, 1970
- Ceratodoris J. E. Gray, 1850
- Goniodoridella Pruvot-Fol, 1933
- Lophodoris G. O. Sars, 1878
- Murphydoris Sigurdsson, 1991
- Naisdoris Paz-Sedano, Moles, Smirnoff, Gosliner & Pola, 2024
- Okenia Menke, 1830
- Pelagella J. E. Gray, 1850
- Spahria Risbec, 1928
- Anculinae Pruvot-Fol, 1954
- Onchidorididae J. E. Gray, 1827
- Acanthomira Ekimova, Nikitenko, Stanovova, Schepetov, Antokhina & Á. Valdés, 2024
- Adalaria Bergh, 1878
- Arctadalaria Roginskaya, 1971
- Atalodoris Iredale & O’Donoghue, 1923
- Idaliadoris Furfaro & Trainito, 2022
- Onchidoris Blainville, 1816
- Onchimira Martynov, Korshunova, N. Sanamyan & K. Sanamyan, 2009
- Acanthodorididae P. Fischer, 1883
- Phyllidioidea Rafinesque, 1814
- Dendrodorididae O’Donoghue, 1924 (1864)
- Dendrodoris Ehrenberg, 1831
- Doriopsilla Bergh, 1880
- Forjacellidae Ortea & Moro, 2023
- Forjacella Ortea & Moro, 2023
- Mandeliidae Á. Valdés & Gosliner, 1999
- Mandelia Á. Valdés & Gosliner, 1999
- Phyllidiidae Rafinesque, 1814
- Ceratophyllidia Eliot, 1903
- Phyllidia Cuvier, 1797
- Phyllidiella Bergh, 1869
- Phyllidiopsis Bergh, 1876
- Reticulidia Brunckhorst, 1990
- Dendrodorididae O’Donoghue, 1924 (1864)
- Polyceroidea Alder & Hancock, 1845
- Polyceridae Alder & Hancock, 1845
- Kalinginae Pruvot-Fol, 1956
- Kalinga Alder & Hancock, 1864
- Kankelibranchinae Ortea, Espinosa & Caballer, 2005
- Kankelibranchus Ortea, Espinosa & Caballer, 2005
- Nembrothinae Burn, 1967
- Martadoris Willan & Y.-W. Chang, 2017
- Nembrotha Bergh, 1877
- Roboastra Bergh, 1877
- Tambja Burn, 1962
- Tyrannodoris Willan & Y.-W. Chang, 2017
- Okadaiinae Baba, 1930
- Vayssierea Risbec, 1928
- Polycerinae Alder & Hancock, 1845
- Gymnodoris W. Stimpson, 1855
- Lamellana G.-Y. Lin, 1992
- Lecithophorus Macnae, 1958
- Palio Gray, 1857
- Paliolla Burn, 1958
- Paliota Pola, Miguel-González & Paz-Sedano, 2023
- Polycera Cuvier, 1816
- Polycerella A. E. Verrill, 1880
- Thecacera J. Fleming, 1828
- Triophinae Odhner, 1941
- Colga Bergh, 1880
- Crimora Alder & Hancock, 1862
- Holoplocamus Odhner, 1926
- Joubiniopsis Risbec, 1928
- Kaloplocamus Bergh, 1880
- Limacia O. F. Müller, 1781
- Plocamopherus Rüppell & Leuckart, 1828
- Triopha Bergh, 1880
- Kalinginae Pruvot-Fol, 1956
- Polyceridae Alder & Hancock, 1845
- Chromodoridoidea Bergh, 1891
Main Doridida groups:
Bibliography
