Favorinus ghanensis

Favorinus ghanensis Edmunds, 1968

Favorinus ghanensis by Tamsouri et al., (2014)

Taxonomic note: This aeolid nudibranch belongs to a genus characterized by cerata arranged in arches and rhinophores with distinctive swellings. F. ghanensis stands out within the genus for possessing a minute penial stylet—unusual among Favorinus—along with a consistent color pattern and body morphology that differentiate it from related species such as F. branchialis and F. auritulus.

Description
Specimens range from 1.5 mm to 16 mm in length. The body is slender and gradually tapers to a pointed tail. It is translucent greyish-white, adorned with scattered iridescent white dots across the dorsum, head, oral tentacles, and tail. The oral tentacles and anterior foot corners share the same base coloration. The rhinophores are purple-brown or maroon, with a clear white-spotted tip, and exhibit three small swellings or “bulbs”. These swellings may appear indistinct when the animal is fully extended. Cerata are long, evenly thick, and arranged in arches anteriorly and rows posteriorly. Their walls are translucent, revealing the internal digestive gland, which is coloured cream to brown with purple-brown blotches, giving the cerata a generally dark purplish-brown appearance. The tips of the cerata are translucent white, often with minute white glands and scattered iridescent white dots. Cerata are readily autotomized when the animal is disturbed or mishandled. The anus is cleioproctic and lies within the second ceratal arch on the right side, while the genital opening is nestled among the foremost right ceratal group.

Biology
This species is primarily found in fouling communities, especially on boat hulls, fishing gear, and port structures. It feeds predominantly on the zooids of the bryozoan Amathia verticillata, a departure from the genus’ norm, which is more commonly associated with egg masses of other sea slugs. Feeding behavior includes sucking contents from broken bryozoan tubes, and occasional consumption of sessile ciliates such as Vorticella and Stentor. Despite lacking visible cnidosacs or nematocyst discharge, F. ghanensis is equipped with epidermal defensive glands in the cerata, and displays autotomy as a defensive response. Its small size and cryptic lifestyle may have led to underreporting, however, its affinity for artificial substrates and invasive bryozoans suggests a potential for further expansion via maritime traffic.

Etymology

• Ghanensis. From Ghana (West Africa).

Distribution
Its current known range includes eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean ports, often in habitats dominated by Amathia verticillata. Originally described from Ghana (Tema Harbour) in 1968, it has been subsequently recorded at the Canary Islands (Gran Canaria, 1995), Tunisia (Lac de Tunis, 2003) and in the Atlantic coast of Morocco (Agadir, 2012).

More pictures

Bibliography

1246567 Favorinus ghanensis 1 eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad 50 creator asc 1 19360 https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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WoRMS Editorial Board. (2026). World Register of Marine Species. WoRMS. Disponible en: http://www.marinespecies.org
Zenetos, A., Gofas, S., Morri, C., Rosso, A., Violanti, D., Garcia Raso, J. E., Çinar, M. E. et al. (2012). Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2012. A contribution to the application of European Union’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part 2. Introduction trends and pathways. Mediterranean Marine Science, 13, 328-352.
Bibliography based on the works by Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 and Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, with later updates from other resources.

Further reading

• Biodiversity Heritage Library
• Flickr pictures
• Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
• NCBI GenBank
• OBIS - Search by Taxon
• Sea Slug Forum
• World Register of Marine Species

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