Polycera kernowensis

Polycera kernowensis  Korshunova, Driessen, Picton & Martynov, 2021

Polycera kernowensis @ Asturias, Spain by Luis Ángel Díaz Álvarez

Taxonomical note: Korshunova et al (2021) published their work on the Polycera quadrilineata cryptic complex, where four species from the European Atlantic shores were recognized based on a multidisciplinary approach (molecular, morphological, phylogenetic, phylogeographical and ecological) to species determination. In this work, the authors determined that Polycera faeroensis reports included another cryptic species (new to science) that they have named Polycera kernowensis, that can be easily determined by the shape of the structure protecting the gills, one pair of single lateral processes without tubercles in P. kernowensis, and one pair  of wing-like lateral lobes with multiple small tubercles or extensions in P. faeroensis. Moreover, P. kernowensis usually has less than nine appendages of the frontal veil, while P. faeroensis has commonly more than nine frontal appendages, among other anatomical differences.

Description
Body with a maximum length of 20 mm, translucent white, in which the visceral mass is visible by transparency. It has a frontal veil on the head with up to 9 finger-like cephalic processes coloured yellow. Rhinophores have between 14 and 15 lamellae with a documented maximum of 22 (Korshunova et al. 2021) with yellow tips. The gills have between 4 and 7 unipinnate or partially multipinnate white leaves with yellow tips. The gills are flanked by a single lobe, without tubercles or any kind, coloured white with a yellow distal end. The foot is narrow, translucent white, with a yellow edge at the end of the tail where it joins with a thin mid-dorsal yellow band of the same colour. In its anterior part it is slightly notched in the middle, and has two propodial yellow tentacles, slightly thickened to form a double edge. Eyespots are located on the notum, behind the rhinophores, on a light coloured area.

Biology
Polycera kernowensis is common in shallow-water, as it has been found from 8 to 30 m, on stony and muddy substrates. It feeds on bryozoans Bicellariella ciliata and Scrupocellaria spp.

Etymology

• Polycera. From Greek “polys”, many + “keras”, horns.
• Kernowensis, derived from an old name for Cornwall, where this species is commonly found.

Distribution
With the type locality in the United Kingdom, it has also been found in the Netherlands, North of Spain, Portugal, and in the southern coast of the Iberian Peninsula, in both Atlantic and Mediterranean shores.

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1246567 Polycera kernowensis 1 eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad 50 creator asc 1 37586 https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Bibliography based on the works by Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 and Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, with later updates from other resources.

Further reading

• El Litoral de Granada
• GROC
• World Register of Marine Species

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