Chelidonura hirundinina

Chelidonura ‘hirundinina’ (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833)

Chelidonura 'hirundinina' @ Canarias, Spain by Mario Matute

Taxonomic note: Chelidonura hirundinina was described based on specimens collected in Fouquets, on the island of Mauritius, in the Indo-Pacific region. There is a very similar species in the Western Atlantic that has also been called C. ‘hirundinina’ (we use the notation by Zamora-Silva & Malaquias (2018)), which is the one we show here. In early times, differences in coloration pattern were considered sufficient to classify them as different species. The molecular analysis carried out by Zamora-Silva & Malaquias (2018) indicate that, although they are genetically similar, they form two different groups.

Synonyms

• Bulla hirundinina Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 (original)
• Chelidonura adamsi Angas, 1867
• Chelidonura philinopsis Eliot, 1903
• Hirundinella hirundinina Gray, 1847

Description
This cephalaspidean is small in size, the body can reach about 4 cm in length, generally elongated in shape and widening at the height of the head. The dominant color of this species is black with more or less thick orange and blue lines, which can even be reduced to a series of points. A blue, white, or yellow “T”-shaped marking on the front of the head helps distinguish this species from other Chelidonura. The specimens from the Western Atlantic (called C. ‘hirundinina’) are differentiated from the Indo-Pacific species because the body of the animal is orange with blue lines bordered by black, sometimes with a white crescent-shaped spot bordered by black located on the rear of the back, right before the tail. It has a thin internal calcareous shell (under the mantle) in the back of the body that measures approximately 2 mm in diameter and has well-marked growth striae. It has a forked tail similar to a swallow tail (a  trait that gives the genus its name) but with the left tail more developed than the right. Like all Aglajidae, the sides of the body are widened, forming parapodia that appear folded covering the back of the animal. On the front of the head, the mouth is surrounded by sensory bristles, more prominent than in other Aglajidae species. It lacks a radula but has a very rigid oral muscular bulb that acts as a suction pump.

Biology
It is a diurnal species. Its diet was a mystery until recently (1998) but now it is known that it feeds on certain species of flatworms, which it detects by the trail of mucus they leave when moving and, when it comes into contact with its prey, it swiftly absorbs it. It can feed on other cephalaspideans. An interesting publication by Anne DuPont in Sea Slug Forum shows two specimens reproducing on the sand in an encounter that lasted about 9 minutes. If it feels threatened it can secrete an ichthyotoxic yellow substance.

Etymology

• Chelidonura: from Greek [chelidon] = swallow and [oura] = tail, due to its characteristic tail.
• Hirundinina: from Latin [hirundo] = swallow.

Distribution
Chelidonura hirundinina was described based on specimens collected in Fouquets, on the island of Mauritius; it is found in the tropical areas of the Indo-Pacific region (including the islands of Mayotte, Reunion and New Caledonia). There is a very similar species in the Western Atlantic (Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, Florida, Bahamas, etc.) that has also been called C. ‘hirundinina’ (we use the notation by Zamora-Silva & Malaquias (2018)), which It is the one we show here. The molecular analysis carried out by Zamora-Silva & Malaquias (2018) indicate that, although they are genetically similar, they form two different groups. In 2024 the presence of C. ‘hirundinina’ has been detected in the Canary Islands.

More pictures

Bibliography

1246567 Chelidonura hirundinina 1 eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad 50 creator asc 1 43470 https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Bibliography based on the works by Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 and Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, with later updates from other resources.

Further reading

• DORIS
• Flickr
• GBIF
• iNaturalist
• Sea Slugs Forum
• Sea Slugs Guadeloupe
• World Register of Marine Species

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