Trapania sanctipetrensis

Trapania sanctipetrensis Cervera, García-Gómez & Megina, 2000

Trapania sanctipetrensis by César Megina

Description
Body coloured translucent white with black or dark brown irregularly dispersed flecks, that may be concentrated in different areas forming dark patches. This colour scheme is also present on the head, dorsum, flanks, tail, base of the oral tentacles, the foot corners and on all body processes and external organs. Rhinophores have 6-9 lamellae. Gill composed by three tripinnate gill leaves, the one in the middle the largest. Both rhinophores and gill are protected by lateral processes with a similar length, typical of the genus Trapania. The oral tentacles are relatively long. The anterior foot margin is extended laterally into tentacular foot corners.

Biology
This species is very rare (or very cryptic) and has only been found once, on Bugula neritina bryozoans, despite it is probably not its food source. Trapania genus is known for feeding on entoprocta, small creatures that live on sponges.

Etymology

• Sanctipetrensis, referred to Sancti-Petri, the type locality of the species.

Distribution
So far this species has only been found in South West Spain (NE. Atlantic) in the coast of Chiclana, Cádiz. Its colour scheme makes it extremely cryptic on the substrate, so its scarcity is probably just a measure of its ability to go unnoticed.

More pictures

Bibliography

1246567 Trapania sanctipetrensis 1 eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad 50 creator asc 1 29600 https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A0%2C%22request_next%22%3A0%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22US4WQRA3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ballesteros%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222026%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBallesteros%2C%20M.%2C%20Madrenas%2C%20E.%2C%20Pontes%2C%20M.%20%282026%29.%20OPK%20-%20Opistobranquis.%20Disponible%20en%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fopistobranquis.info%5C%2F%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fopistobranquis.info%5C%2F%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%5BAccedido%206%20de%20marzo%20de%202026%5D%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22OPK%20-%20Opistobranquis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ballesteros%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Madrenas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pontes%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20website%20about%20the%20Mediterranean%20and%20Iberian%20opisthobranch%20species%2C%20including%20those%20from%20Eastern%20Atlantic%20shores%20and%20archipielagos.%20With%20detailed%20descriptions%2C%20pictures%2C%20videos%2C%20bibliography%20and%20links%20to%20other%20relevant%20websites.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222026%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fopistobranquis.info%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2222WZ5MYR%22%2C%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-03-08T18%3A41%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22AMT7MIJE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cervera%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222000%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BCervera%2C%20J.%20L.%2C%20Garc%26%23xED%3Ba-G%26%23xF3%3Bmez%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20Megina%2C%20C.%20%282000%29.%20A%20new%20species%20of%20Trapania%20Pruvot-Fol%2C%201931%20from%20the%20Bay%20of%20Cadiz%2C%20with%20remarks%20on%20other%20Trapania%20species%20%28Nudibranchia%3A%20Goniodorididae%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BOphelia%2052%281%29%3A%2017-24.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20new%20species%20of%20Trapania%20Pruvot-Fol%2C%201931%20from%20the%20Bay%20of%20Cadiz%2C%20with%20remarks%20on%20other%20Trapania%20species%20%28Nudibranchia%3A%20Goniodorididae%29%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cervera%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Garc%5Cu00eda-G%5Cu00f3mez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Megina%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Trapania%20sanctipetrensis%20n.%20sp.%20is%20described%20from%20the%20southwestern%20Iberian%20Peninsula.%20The%20ground%20colour%20is%20translucent%20white%20with%20conspicuous%2C%20irregularly%20spread%2C%20black%20or%20dark%20brown%20flecks.%20The%20flecks%20can%20form%20dark%20patches%20on%20the%20head%2C%20dorsum%2C%20flanks%20and%20tail%2C%20and%20are%20also%20present%20on%20the%20rhinophores%2C%20the%20gills%2C%20the%20lateral%20process%2C%20the%20base%20of%20the%20oral%20tentacles%20and%20the%20foot%20corners.%20The%20radula%20is%20biseriate%2C%20and%20has%20radular%20teeth%20with%20a%20wide%20but%20relatively%20short%20outer%20denticle.%20The%20remaining%20denticles%20are%20much%20smaller.%20The%20labial%20cuticle%20has%20two%20areas%20composed%20of%20elongate%20rodlets.%20A%20buccal%20pump%20is%20placed%20dorsally%20on%20the%20buccal%20mass.%20The%20reproductive%20system%20has%20the%20typical%20arrangement%20of%20the%20genus.%20The%20ampulla%20is%20pyriform%20and%20elongate.%20The%20bursa%20copulatrix%20is%20rounded%20and%20the%20seminal%20receptacle%20is%20also%20elongate%2C%20but%20smaller%20than%20the%20bursa%20copulatrix.%20A%20comparison%20between%20T.%20sanctipetrensis%20and%20the%20other%20Atlantic%20and%20Mediterranean%20species%20of%20Trapania%2C%20as%20well%20as%20new%20data%20on%20uncommon%20Atlantic%20species%2C%20are%20presented.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222000%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-12-10T14%3A46%3A11Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HM8AG4CQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cervera%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222004%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BCervera%2C%20J.%20L.%2C%20Calado%2C%20G.%2C%20Gavaia%2C%20C.%2C%20Malaqu%26%23xED%3Bas%2C%20M.%20A.%20E.%2C%20Templado%2C%20J.%2C%20Ballesteros%2C%20M.%2C%20Garc%26%23xED%3Ba-G%26%23xF3%3Bmez%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20Megina%2C%20C.%20%282004%29.%20An%20annotated%20and%20updated%20checklist%20of%20the%20opisthobranchs%20%28Mollusca%3A%20Gastropoda%29%20from%20Spain%20and%20Portugal%20%28including%20islands%20and%20archipelagos%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BBolet%26%23xED%3Bn%20Instituto%20Espa%26%23xF1%3Bol%20de%20Oceanograf%26%23xED%3Ba%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%281-4%29%2C%201-111.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22An%20annotated%20and%20updated%20checklist%20of%20the%20opisthobranchs%20%28Mollusca%3A%20Gastropoda%29%20from%20Spain%20and%20Portugal%20%28including%20islands%20and%20archipelagos%29.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cervera%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Calado%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gavaia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.A.E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Malaqu%5Cu00edas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Templado%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ballesteros%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Garc%5Cu00eda-G%5Cu00f3mez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Megina%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20present%20publication%20is%20a%20new%20annotated%20and%20updated%20checklist%20of%20the%20opisthobranchs%20%28Mollusca%2C%20Gastropoda%29%20from%20the%20Spanish%20and%20Portuguese%20coasts%2C%20including%20their%20Atlantic%20archipelagos%20%28Azores%2C%20Madeira%2C%20Selvagens%20and%20Canary%20Islands%29.%20The%20bathyal%20species%20recorded%20from%20the%20continental%20shelf%20of%20all%20these%20areas%20are%20also%20included.%20Incorporating%20a%20review%20of%20the%20literature%2C%20523%20species%20are%20included%20on%20the%20present%20checklist%2C%2023%20belonging%20to%20Architectibranchia%2C%20111%20to%20Cephalaspidea%20s.%20s.%2C%2014%20to%20Anaspidea%2C%204%20to%20Acochlidiomorpha%2C%2037%20to%20Thecosomata%2C%207%20to%20Gymnosomata%2C%2043%20to%20Sacoglossa%2C%203%20to%20Umbraculoidea%2C%2016%20to%20Pleurobranchoidea%20and%20265%20to%20Nudibranchia%3A%20127%20Doridoidea%2C%2042%20Dendronotoidea%2C%209%20Arminoidea%2C%20and%2087%20Aeolidoidea.%20The%20records%20these%20species%20have%20been%20divided%20into%2012%20geographic%20sectors%3A%201%29%20Spanish%20coast%20on%20the%20Bay%20of%20Biscay%3B%202%29%20Galicia%3B%203%29%20mainland%20coast%20of%20Portugal%3B%204%29%20Andalusian%20Atlantic%20coast%3B%205%29%20Straits%20of%20Gibraltar%2C%20including%20Ceuta%20%28northern%20Africa%29%3B%206%29%20Andalusian%20Mediterranean%20coast%2C%20including%20Albor%5Cu00e1n%20Island%3B%207%29%20Spanish%20Levant%2C%20from%20Cape%20Gata%20to%20Catalonia%3B%208%29%20Catalonia%2C%20including%20the%20Columbretes%20Islands%3B%209%29%20Balearic%20Islands%3B%2010%29%20Canary%20and%20Selvagens%20Islands%3B%2011%29%20Madeira%3B%20and%2012%29%20the%20Azores.%20The%20biogeographical%20relationships%20among%20these%20selected%20areas%20are%20discussed%20in%20the%20present%20paper%5Cu2019s%20Conclusions.%20Taxonomic%20comments%20about%20many%20of%20the%20taxa%20cited%20are%20also%20included.%20It%20is%20noteworthy%20that%20since%201975%2C%20a%20total%20of%20117%20specific%20taxa%20have%20been%20described%20as%20new%20to%20science%20in%20the%20studied%20area.%20Some%20of%20them%20are%20currently%20considered%20synonyms%2C%20and%20others%20are%20pending%20an%20adequate%20revision.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222004%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-07-11T14%3A14%3A59Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZH723MR3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Garcia%20and%20Bertsch%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BGarcia%2C%20F.%20J.%2C%20Bertsch%2C%20H.%20%282009%29.%20Diversity%20and%20distribution%20of%20the%20Gastropoda%20Opisthobranchia%20from%20the%20Atlantic%20Ocean%3A%20A%20global%20biogeographic%20approach.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BScientia%20Marina%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B73%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%281%29%2C%20153-160.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3989%5C%2Fscimar.2009.73n1153%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3989%5C%2Fscimar.2009.73n1153%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Diversity%20and%20distribution%20of%20the%20Gastropoda%20Opisthobranchia%20from%20the%20Atlantic%20Ocean%3A%20A%20global%20biogeographic%20approach%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Francisco%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Garcia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hans%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bertsch%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20zoogeographic%20Study%20of%20the%20Opisthobranchia%20%28Mollusca%2C%20Gastropoda%29%20from%20the%20Atlantic%20Ocean%20was%20carried%20Out.%20Data%20on%20Opisthobranch%20Occurrence%20were%20collated%20from%20literature%20records%20and%20databases.%20An%20estimated%201066%20species%20were%20considered%20for%20this%20Study%2C%20which%20belonged%20to%20the%20orders%20Cephalaspidea%2C%20Anaspidea%2C%20Sacoglossa%2C%20Notaspidea%20and%20Nudi-branchia.%20Biogeographical%20patterns%20were%20analysed%20using%20Cluster%20analysis%20%28TWINSPAN%29%20and%20ordination%20MDS%20%28non-metric%20multidimensional%20scaling%20program%29.%20The%20richness%20of%20opisthobranchs%20increases%20from%20polar%20to%20tropical%20regions%20along%20Atlantic%20shores.%20The%20cluster%20analysis%20showed%20that%20there%20is%20a%20latitudinal%20and%20longitudinal%20separation%20of%20the%20biogeographical%20areas.%20The%20amphiatlantic%20species%20can%20be%20separated%20into%20four%20groups%20according%20to%20their%20distribution%3A%20G1.1.-%20the%20geographic%20range%20of%20species%20is%20limited%20to%20cold%20water%20on%20both%20sides%20of%20the%20Atlantic%3B%20G1.2.-%20species%20with%20geographic%20ranges%20limited%20to%20the%20western%20Arctic%20and%20Boreal%20regions%20with%20a%20wide%20distribution%20in%20the%20eastern%20Atlantic%2C%20front%20the%20eastern%20Arctic%20or%20the%20eastern%20Boreal%20region%20to%20the%20Lusitanian%20and%20Mediterranean%20provinces%3B%20G2.1.-%20species%20with%20geographic%20ranges%2C%20limited%20to%20the%20Caribbean%20and%20Mauritanian-Senegalese%20areas%3B%20G2.2.-%20species%20with%20a%20wide%20geographical%20distribution%20along%20both%20Atlantic%20shores.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3989%5C%2Fscimar.2009.73n1153%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E%3A%5C%2F%5C%2FWOS%3A000264276900013%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220214-8358%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-05-14T13%3A00%3A19Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QWTGXZAE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Garc%5Cu00eda-G%5Cu00f3mez%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222002%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BGarc%26%23xED%3Ba-G%26%23xF3%3Bmez%2C%20J.%20C.%20%282002%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BParadigmas%20de%20una%20fauna%20ins%26%23xF3%3Blita%3B%20Los%20moluscos%20opistobranquios%20del%20estrecho%20de%20Gibraltar%20%28Serie%20Ciencias%29%2020%3A%20397%20pp.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20Instituto%20de%20Estudios%20Gibraltare%26%23xF1%3Bos.%20Algeciras%2C%20C%26%23xE1%3Bdiz%2C%20Spain.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Paradigmas%20de%20una%20fauna%20ins%5Cu00f3lita%3B%20Los%20moluscos%20opistobranquios%20del%20estrecho%20de%20Gibraltar%20%28Serie%20Ciencias%29%2020%3A%20397%20pp.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Garc%5Cu00eda-G%5Cu00f3mez%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222002%22%2C%22originalDate%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPublisher%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22format%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-12-15T21%3A59%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223VWGKIQP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Long%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BLong%2C%20S.%20J.%20%282006%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BBibliography%20of%20Opisthobranchia%201554-2000.%20Bayside%20Books%20%26amp%3B%20Press%2C%20Tustin%2C%20CA%2C%20U.S.A.%20672p.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Bibliography%20of%20Opisthobranchia%201554-2000.%20Bayside%20Books%20%26%20Press%2C%20Tustin%2C%20CA%2C%20U.S.A.%20672p.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Long%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22originalDate%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPublisher%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22format%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-07-11T14%3A15%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225MFDPG8V%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22McDonald%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMcDonald%2C%20G.%20%282009%29.%20Bibliographia%20Nudibranchia.%202nd%20Online%20Edition%2C%20Annotated.%201072%20pp%26%23xA0%3B%20Institute%20of%20Marine%20Sciences%2C%20University%20of%20California%2C%20Santa%20Cruz.%20Disponible%20en%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fescholarship.org%5C%2Fuc%5C%2Fitem%5C%2F8115h0wz%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fescholarship.org%5C%2Fuc%5C%2Fitem%5C%2F8115h0wz%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Bibliographia%20Nudibranchia.%202nd%20Online%20Edition%2C%20Annotated.%201072%20pp%20%20Institute%20of%20Marine%20Sciences%2C%20University%20of%20California%2C%20Santa%20Cruz%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McDonald%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fescholarship.org%5C%2Fuc%5C%2Fitem%5C%2F8115h0wz%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-07-11T14%3A15%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KQNT5Q8N%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Paz-Sedano%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BPaz-Sedano%2C%20S.%2C%20Mart%26%23xED%3Bn%20%26%23xC1%3Blvarez%2C%20J.%20F.%2C%20Gosliner%2C%20T.%20M.%2C%20Pola%2C%20M.%20%282022%29.%20Reassessing%20North%20Eastern%20Atlantic%26%23x2010%3BMediterranean%20species%20of%20Trapania%20%28Mollusca%2C%20Nudibranchia%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BZoologica%20Scripta%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B12536%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%201-13.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fzsc.12536%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fzsc.12536%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Reassessing%20North%20Eastern%20Atlantic%5Cu2010Mediterranean%20species%20of%20Trapania%20%28Mollusca%2C%20Nudibranchia%29%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Paz-Sedano%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mart%5Cu00edn%20%5Cu00c1lvarez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gosliner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pola%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fzsc.12536%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-08T09%3A10%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HDFNWDX5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Rudman%20W.B.%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221998%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BRudman%20W.B.%20et%20al.%20%281998%29.%20Trapania%20sanctipetrensis%20accessed%20through%3A%20Sea%20Slug%20Forum%20on%202014-12-14.%20Disponible%20en%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fseaslugforum.net%5C%2Fshowall%5C%2Ftrapsanc%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fseaslugforum.net%5C%2Fshowall%5C%2Ftrapsanc%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Trapania%20sanctipetrensis%20accessed%20through%3A%20Sea%20Slug%20Forum%20on%202014-12-14%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Rudman%20W.B.%20et%20al.%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221998-2010%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fseaslugforum.net%5C%2Fshowall%5C%2Ftrapsanc%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222016-04-29T13%3A05%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227EGYZ8LE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22WoRMS%20Editorial%20Board%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222026%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BWoRMS%20Editorial%20Board.%20%282026%29.%20World%20Register%20of%20Marine%20Species.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BWoRMS%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Disponible%20en%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.marinespecies.org%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.marinespecies.org%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22World%20Register%20of%20Marine%20Species%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22WoRMS%20Editorial%20Board%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222026%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.14284%5C%2F170%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.marinespecies.org%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2222WZ5MYR%22%2C%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-07-11T14%3A21%3A50Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Ballesteros, M., Madrenas, E., Pontes, M. (2026). OPK - Opistobranquis. Disponible en: https://opistobranquis.info/ [Accedido 6 de marzo de 2026]
Cervera, J. L., García-Gómez, J. C., Megina, C. (2000). A new species of Trapania Pruvot-Fol, 1931 from the Bay of Cadiz, with remarks on other Trapania species (Nudibranchia: Goniodorididae). Ophelia 52(1): 17-24.
Cervera, J. L., Calado, G., Gavaia, C., Malaquías, M. A. E., Templado, J., Ballesteros, M., García-Gómez, J. C., Megina, C. (2004). An annotated and updated checklist of the opisthobranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Spain and Portugal (including islands and archipelagos). Boletín Instituto Español de Oceanografía, 20(1-4), 1-111.
Garcia, F. J., Bertsch, H. (2009). Diversity and distribution of the Gastropoda Opisthobranchia from the Atlantic Ocean: A global biogeographic approach. Scientia Marina, 73(1), 153-160. https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2009.73n1153
García-Gómez, J. C. (2002). Paradigmas de una fauna insólita; Los moluscos opistobranquios del estrecho de Gibraltar (Serie Ciencias) 20: 397 pp. Instituto de Estudios Gibraltareños. Algeciras, Cádiz, Spain.
Long, S. J. (2006). Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000. Bayside Books & Press, Tustin, CA, U.S.A. 672p.
McDonald, G. (2009). Bibliographia Nudibranchia. 2nd Online Edition, Annotated. 1072 pp  Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz. Disponible en: http://escholarship.org/uc/item/8115h0wz
Paz-Sedano, S., Martín Álvarez, J. F., Gosliner, T. M., Pola, M. (2022). Reassessing North Eastern Atlantic‐Mediterranean species of Trapania (Mollusca, Nudibranchia). Zoologica Scripta, 12536, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12536
Rudman W.B. et al. (1998). Trapania sanctipetrensis accessed through: Sea Slug Forum on 2014-12-14. Disponible en: http://seaslugforum.net/showall/trapsanc
WoRMS Editorial Board. (2026). World Register of Marine Species. WoRMS. Disponible en: http://www.marinespecies.org
Bibliography based on the works by Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 and Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, with later updates from other resources.

Further reading

• Biodiversity Heritage Library
• El País
• Flickr pictures
• Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
• NCBI GenBank
• OBIS - Search by Taxon
• Researchgate
• Sea Slug Forum
• World Register of Marine Species

Cite this article as: